Industrial Internship Report

Internship At

M/s. AGRI GOLD PROJECTS LTD.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement
For the award of
Bachelor of Technology
By
ANUJ SRIVASTAVA (12D95A0101)
&
SHUJATH ULLA KHAN (11D91A0195)
&
Y. SHIVAPRASAD (11D91A01B4)
Under the guidance of
Mr. G. Venkata Ratnam
HoD, Civil Engineering Department

Department of Civil Engineering

Auroras Scientific, Technological and Research Academy,
(Affiliated by JNTU, Hyderabad)
Bandlaguda, near Chandrayanagutta,
Hyderabad -500 005
August 2014

CERTIFICATE
TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Mr. ANUJ SRIVASTAVA, SHUJATH ULLA KHAN &
Y. SHIVAPRASAD bearing a Hall Ticket. No:- 12D95A0101, 11D91A0195 &
11D91A01B4 B.Tech final year Civil Engineering student of Auroras Scientific,
Technological & Research Academy (ASTRA), Chandrayanagutta, Bandlaguda,
Hyderabad, has completed their Internship from 18th June 2014 to 17th
August, 2014 in AGRI GOLD PROJECTS LIMITED Agri Gold Towers, 6-3-680/A/B,
Thakur Mansion Lane, Near Somajiguda Circle, Punjagutta, Hyderabad
500082.
His Conduct during the said Internship period was good and we wish his all
success in his future endeavor.

Signature of Head the organization with seal

Importance of Construction Sector

The changes in the political, economic, social and other conditions
make different demand on construction sector. Construction being
critical to improve the standard of living of the people, there is a
need for it to be more active, faster and quality conscious.
Construction

activities

have

increased

manifold

and

become

progressively more complex. The progressive use of sophisticated

technology has made construction capital intensive. The expected
growth of construction volume demands sophisticated managerial
talent to properly manage these big projects.

Objectives of Construction Sector: Speed of construction.

Control on quality of material and workmanship.
Optimum utilization of machinery.
Optimum utilization of man power.
Economy in construction.
Coordination

between

different

agencies

involved

in

construction.
Facilitate the execution in a planned and efficient manner.
Ensures proper utilization of resources.

Duties of a Supervisor
To verify the standards of materials, quality of workmanship
with that of specifications and drawings.
To check the process of construction practices followed in the
work.
To reject the substandard material and to be careful in
recommending substitutes.

 To assist the contractor in the interpretation of the

contractor documents by regular consultation.
To maintain good coordination among different agencies
connected to the work.
To check any mistakes or errors that are observed in the
drawing or designs and necessary steps should be taken to
rectify such mistakes as early as possible.
To have regular check over the control of cost and should be
seen that no extra cost is incurred in completing any item of
the work.
To check the progress of work as per the schedule and all
necessary steps should be taken to avoid slow progress of
work.
To get an idea about the type of equipment and other plant
required and the exact time when they are needed.

Various Stages in a Completion of Building

Soil Bearing Capacity
Earthwork excavation
Foundation
Plinth
Superstructure and columns
Sills, lintels and weather shades
Roofs (or) slab
Steps and stairs
Ground and upper floors
Finishes for wall

Soil Bearing Capacity:Bearing capacity is the ability of soil to safely carry the pressure
placed on the soil from any engineered structure without undergoing
a shear failure with accompanying large settlements. Applying a
bearing pressure which is safe with respect to failure does not
ensure that settlement of the foundation will be within acceptable
limits. Therefore, settlement analysis should generally be performed
since most structures are sensitive to excessive settlement.
Bearing pressures exceeding the limiting shear resistance of the soil
cause collapse of the structure which is usually accompanied by
tilting. A bearing capacity failure results in very large downward
movements of the structure, typically 0.5 ft. to over 10 ft. in
magnitude. A bearing capacity failure of this type usually occurs
within 1 day after the first full load is applied to the soil.

Ultimate Bearing Capacity:The generally accepted method of bearing capacity analysis is to

assume that the soil below the foundation along a critical plane of
failure (slip path) is on the verge of failure and to calculate the
bearing pressure applied by the foundation required to cause this
failure condition. This is the ultimate bearing capacity (qu).

Objectives of Soil Investigation: To know the quantities and thickness of underground soil so as
to predict the behavior of foundation under loading.
To assign the suitable safe bearing capacity of the underlying
soil.
To determine the depth of the foundation.
To select safe and most economical type of foundation.
To find the depth of water table.

 To make allowances for the likely settlement of foundation.

Earthwork Excavation:Excavation shall include site clearance, careful removal of all the
materials of whatever nature and whether dry or wet, exactly in
accordance with the lines, levels, grades, curves and dimensions etc.
shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge. It
shall be taken to exact widths and levels of the lowest step of the
foundations, footing, basement, etc. and the sides shall be left
plumb where the nature of soil permits its. Bottom surfaces and
sides of all excavation shall be trimmed and formed to required
levels, slops, etc. as directed. The bottom surface of the excavation
in rock shall be made as level and true as possible. Before laying the
foundation concrete, metal ling, etc. the bottom surfaces shall be
sufficiently watered and thoroughly rammed.
Earth excavation and grading can be a fascinating part of a
construction project. The powerful heavy equipment, used to best
advantage by a skilled operator, is a joy to behold. Excavation is
often used as a broad term which includes cut (or excavation) and
fills (or embankment). Cut is defined as removing material to lower
the elevation of an area. Fill is defined as placing material to raise
the elevation of an area. Compaction must take place during a fill
operation to increase the density of the soil material being placed.

Classification of Soil for ExcavationFor payment to contractors for excavation, the earthworks have
been classified into the following categories:
1. Soft/loose soil
2. Hard/dense soil
3. Ordinary rock not requiring blasting

4. Hard rock where blasting is allowed

5. Hard rock where blasting is not allowed
If excavation work is given on contract, there should be mutual
understanding of these definitions between owner and contractor as
payments for excavation of the different categories differ vary
widely.

Foundation:Foundation of a structure is like the roots of a tree without which

the tree cannot stand. The construction of any structure, be it a
residence or a skyscraper; starts with the laying of foundations.
Before designing the foundation, the type of soil is determined.
Depending on whether the soil is hard soil or soft soil, a specific
type of foundation is adopted. The bearing capacity of soil plays a
major role in deciding the type of foundation. The safe bearing
capacity of soil should be 180N/mm2 to 200N/mm2. Foundations are
broadly classified into shallow foundations and deep foundations.
The depth of the foundation means the difference of level between
the ground surface and the base of the foundation. If the depth of
the foundation is greater than its width the foundation is classified
as a deep foundation.

1. Shallow Foundations:Shallow foundations are usually placed within a depth D beneath the
ground surface less than the minimum width B of the foundation.
Shallow foundations consist of spread and continuous footings, wall

footings and mat etc. A spread footing distributes column or other

loads from the structure to the soil, where B W 10B. A continuous
footing is a spread footing where W > 10B.

2. Deep Foundations:Deep foundations can be as short as 15 to 20 ft. or as long as 200

ft. or more and may consist of driven piles, drilled shafts or stone
columns. A single drilled shaft often has greater load bearing
capacity than a single pile. Deep foundations may be designed to
carry superstructure loads through poor soil (loose sands, soft clays,
and collapsible materials) into competent bearing materials. Deep
foundation support is usually more economical for depths less than
100 ft. than mat foundations.
In sloped or stepped footings, the effective cross-section in
compression shall be limited by the area above the neutral plane, and
the angle of slope or depth and location of steps should be such that
the design requirements are satisfied at every section.

Functions of Foundation: To distribute the load of the structure, on large area, so that
the intensity of load does not exceeded the safe bearing
capacity of the underlying soil.
To distribute the load uniformly to the soil, to prevent unequal
settlements of foundation.
To provide a level and hard surface, for the superstructure.
To increase the stability of the structure against sliding,
overturning or other disturbing forces like wind, rain, etc.

Layout of Building:The real meaning and purpose of setting out (layout) is to transfer
the plan, length and width of its foundation on the ground so that
the foundation can be excavated for construction of purposed
building as per drawing.
The following preliminary works should be executed before actual
planning of layout for the house.

Clear the site from all grass, bushes, trees, etc.

Record spot levels of the ground.
Construct a permanent bench mark in construction area.

Base Line:For setting out /layout, the most important requirement is to

establish a baseline. This is marked on the ground as per site plan
requirement with the help of offsets which are taken from the
existing road or existing building.

Centre Line:Centre line divides the plan into two equal parts. This can be marked
in the field with the help of baseline. This line is very necessary and
useful for layout. This line should be transferred to Burjis and be
kept up to the completion of foundation work. Centre line marking on
the field is done before excavating the land by using center line
plan. A center line marking makes the construction accurate and easy
to execute.

'Burjis' and its' Distance:Burji or marking pillars are masonry pillars constructed with bricks
and cement mortar. These are constructed on both ends of walls
/columns and center line should be marked on the top surface of the
burjis with the help of base line. Burji is also constructed for

indicating the plinth level of the building. Burjis are very useful for
the layout. Accuracy of the foundation can be checked with the help
of Burji at any time during construction. Burjis should be kept intact
till completion of foundation work.

Spacing between Foundations:Foundations on footings spaced sufficiently close together to

intersect adjacent shear zones may decrease bearing capacity of
each foundation. Spacings between footings should be at least 1.5B,
to minimize any reduction in bearing capacity. Increases in
settlement of existing facilities should be checked when placing new
construction near existing facilities.

Different Processes in Foundation Work:1. Excavation of earth work in trenches for foundation.
2. Laying out Plain Cement concrete (P.C.C) in a ratio of
(1:4:8) or (1:4:5) as per the Plan.
3. Centre line marking of columns by using burjis.
4. Laying the footing in case of raft or column construction.
5. Laying Brick work up to plinth level.
6. Laying Damp proof course on the walls.
7. Refilling of earth around the walls.
8. Refilling of earth in the building portion up to the required
height according to plinth level.

Plinth Level (or) Height of Basement:In architecture, a plinth is the base or platform upon which
a column, pedestal, statue, monument or structure rests. The plinth
is a slightly thicker course at the base of a wall or a column; often
made of a more durable material than the rest of the wall or column.
The plinth course forms the first course of the rising wall
immediately above the footings. The Basement is completely filled
by the layers of fine sand, fine gravel, coarse gravel, small stones,

rocks and firm soil. The height of the plinth should not be less than
450mm from surrounding ground level. The height of the basement
varies with local conditions.

Functions of the plinth: To prevent the building from damp or moisture penetration
into it.
To transmit the load of the super structure to the foundation.
To act as a retaining wall so as to keep the filling in position
below raised floor of the build.
To improve the elevation of the building.

Plinth Beams:We have seen that the projecting part of the wall immediately
above the ground up to the ground floor level is known as plinth. It
gives an appearance of additional stability to the building and also
the clearance from the ground level. In first class buildings, for
getting crack free walls, especially in clayey soils, an RCC beam is
usually provided in the main walls above the ground level and just
below the ground floor level. This is called a Plinth Beam. Under
normal condition, it is made 10to 15cm in depth and extending the
full width of the upper wall. Two numbers of mm (or 3 numbers of
6mm) high strength steel, both on top and bottom, bound by 8mm
stirrups at some distance depending on depth of the beam are
provided as reinforcement for the plinth beam. In addition, DPC
(Damp-proof course) of bitumen coating is usually provided on top of
this plinth beam.

Functions of Plinth Beam: They connect columns in the two principal directions to act
as earthquake ties.
They support brick walls resting on top of plinth beams. This
causes bending and shears in plinth beams.
Brickwork in foundations is saved by providing plinth beams.

 They transfer the loads on to the foundation.

Dampness at Basement level:One of the primary objectives of building is that it should keep dry.
The dampness in the building is caused due to bad design, faulty
construction or poor material. Dampness not only reduces the life of
the structure and cause unhealthy conditions for the occupants. It
causes efflorescence which may leads to disintegration of bricks,
stones, tiles etc. Dampness can be prevented by adopting Membrane
damp-proofing, integral damp-proofing, surface treatment, guniting,
cavity wall construction etc.

Sand filling In Basement:Flooring concrete for ground floors should not be laid directly on
the original earth work described above without sand filling except
in cases where the foundation soil itself is sand. A sand layer with
thickness of 30cm for very clayey soils and at least 15cm for soils
other than sand should be placed above the fill. It should be
compacted in layers of flooding.

Superstructure:It consists of all parts of the building, which are constructed above
the plinth level i.e. walls, lintels, sills and roof beams.

Column:A vertical member whose effective length is greater than 3 times

its least lateral dimension carrying compressive loads is called as
column. Columns transfer the loads from the beams or slabs to the
footings or foundations. Generally the column may be square,
rectangular or circular in shape. Columns are frequently used to
support beams and arches on which the upper part of walls or
ceilings rests. The reinforcement in the column is designed as two
types. They are:-

Longitudinal reinforcement: The cross sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement shall not
be less than 0.8% and not more than 6% of gross cross
sectional area of the column.
In any column that has larger cross sectional area than that
required supporting the load, the minimum percentage of steel
shall be 0.8% of required area and not the area actually
provided.
Minimum no. of longitudinal bars to be provided is 4 for
rectangular columns and 6 for circular columns.
Minimum diameter of the longitudinal bars is 12mm.
Spacing of longitudinal bars measured along the periphery of
the column shall not exceed 300mm.

Transverse reinforcement:A reinforced concrete compression member shall have transverse or

helical reinforcement so disposed that every longitudinal bar nearest
to the compression face has effective lateral support against
buckling. The effective lateral support is given by transverse
reinforcement either in the form of circular rings capable taking up
circumferential tension or by polygonal links (lateral Ties) with
internal angles not exceeding 135 . The ends of the transverse
reinforcement shall be properly anchored. The diameter of lateral
ties shall not be less than 14 of the diameter of largest longitudinal
bar and in no case less than 6mm.

Walls:Wall is the structure built to divide the building in to no. of rooms.

Load bearing walls are used to transmit the load from the roof and
from upper floors to the foundation. Walls can built with different
kinds of material such as bricks, stones, wood, glass etc.

Masonry:The art of construction of structure with stone, brick or any other

building blocks and mortar is called masonry. Masonry can be
classified into 3 types. They are:-

1. Rubble masonry
2. Ashlars masonry
3. Brick masonry
As brick work is an important part of building construction, we will
consider it in greater detail than other topics.

Brick Masonry:Bricks laid in systematical way are bounded together with mortar to
form a homogenous mass capable of withstanding and transmitting
forces without failure is called brick masonry.

Terms Generally Used in Brickwork:

1. Header:-A brick lay with its in 3 in end parallel to the

face of the wall.

2. Stretcher:-A brick lay with its 9 in 3 in side parallel to the
face of the wall.
3. Bat:-Any portion of a brick cut or broken across its length.

For example, half bat will be in in 3in size.

4. Closer:-The portion of a brick cut along the lengths in such a
way as one long face remains intact. When it is cut into two
equal halves, it is called a queen closer. A brick cut at the
corner along the midpoints of the adjacent sides is a king
closer. This is at times used in junctions of walls.
5. Bed:-The bottom surface of the brick which rests upon the
mortar spread to receive it.

6. Frog:-The indentation on one or both of the in 9in

surfaces of the brick.

7. Arrisers:-The edges of the brick lay on the same bed.

8. Quoins:-The stones used at the corners are quoins.
9. Junctions:-The meeting place of a longitudinal wall and a cross
wall is called a junction.
10.
Plinth Course:-The horizontal course of stone or brick
provided at the base of the wall at floor level above the ground
level is called plinth course.
11.
Throating:-The groves provided at the end of corbels,
lintels for discharging rainwater clear of walls is called
Throating.
12.
Perpends:-The vertical joints separating the bricks in
either length or cross direction are known as Perpends.
13.
Lap:-The horizontal distance between the vertical joints
in successive courses is termed as a lap.

Recommended mortars for Brickwork

Mortar is the plastic mixture of binding materials like cement or
lime, fine aggregate and water in suitable proportions. This is
used to bond masonry units.
Various types of mortars mixes used for brick work are as
follows:-

Brick Strength

Mortar Mix

(N/mm2)

Cement or Cement (N/mm2)

Lime
1:6 or 1:2:9
3
1:5 or 1:1:6
5
1 1
7.5
1:4 or 1: :4

Below 5
5-15
15-25
>25

Mortar Strength

2
1

1:3 or 1: :3
4

10

Bonding of Bricks
The art of bonding brickwork consists of the orderly arrangements
of the bricks in such a way that continuous or through joints along
the walls are also reduced to a minimum. Bonding helps in the
distribution of the loads. Bonding is carried by use of closures (in
the header course) or three quarters in the stretcher course.
As bricks of different sizes are used in practice in various
places, the width of brickwork is measured by bricks and not by
actual measurement. Thus using 9 4
brick wall, usually taken as 4

1"
2

1"
2

3" sizes as headers a half

inches in thickness will be obtained.

The thickness of one brick wall is taken as 9 inches. The thickness

of mortar joints is usually taken as not more than 6mm (14 ) for
very good bricks and 10mm (38 ) for ordinary bricks.

Types of Bonding
English Bond:-It is the most commonly used bond for all wall
thicknesses. On elevation, this consists of alternate courses of all
headers (length of brick) and all stretchers (side of bricks). It is
the straightest forward of all bonds to lay and give greater strength
than any other as it results in fewer through joints and entails the
use of a minimum no. of brick bats.

Flemish or Double Flemish Bond:-On elevation, it consists of

alternate headers and stretchers in every course. It is perhaps not

quite as strong as English bond. However, this bond is preferred

where special bricks are used for facing works on the grounds of
greater economy and more interesting appearance. It is economical
because it requires fewer facing bricks.

Rules of Bonding
The bricks should be uniform in size, and the proportion of
length to breadth is such that the length becomes twice the
width plus one joint. Good bond is impossible otherwise, as the
lap would not be uniform.
The minimum amount by which the bricks in 1 course overlap
1
the bricks in the course below should be 2 inch along the
1

length of the wall and 4 inch across the thickness of the wall.
2

The vertical joints in the alternate courses should fall in a

plumb (vertical) line from the top of the wall to its base,
whether on the face or in the interior of the wall.
Bats should be used as little as possible and where used, should
be evenly distributed throughout the whole of the work.
The bricks in the interior thickness of the very thick walls
should be laid with their length across the wall i.e. header wise.

Sills, Lintels and Weather Shades:The wall below the bottom of window frame is called sill of a window.
Lintel is a horizontal structural member provided to support the
weight of the wall above the opening of door or window.

Functions of Sills, Lintels and Weather Shades: Sills protect the top of the wall from wear and tear.
Lintels are placed over the openings of doors and windows, as
the frames of doors and windows are not strong enough to
support the weight of the wall above the opening.
Weather shades are provided to protect the doors and
windows from the weathering agents such as sun, rain, frost
etc.

Roof Beams:A roof is the upper part of a building which is constructed in the
form of a framework to give protection to building against rain,
heat, wind etc. And the beams provided to withstand the loads of
slab or roof is called roof beams. These beams are generally
provided to improve the ductility of the beam in earth quack regions.
They reduce long term deflections and increase the stiffness. These
beams are generally reinforced in both compression and tension
sides hence they are also called as doubly reinforced roof beams.
The minimum reinforcement area of tension reinforcement should
not be less than the following

.
=

=
= /

 This works out only 0.2% for Fe 415 steel and 0.34% for Fe
250 steel.
The maximum area of tension reinforcement should not exceed
4% of the gross cross sectional area.

< 0.04
Where D = gross depth of the beam
The reinforcement shall have concrete cover of thickness
neither less than 25mm nor less than twice the diameter of
such bar.
Where the depth of the beam exceeds 750mm, side face
reinforcement shall be provided along the two faces. The total
area of such reinforcement shall be not less than 0.1% of the
beam area and a spacing not exceeding 300mm.

Slabs
Slabs are plane structural members whose thickness is small as
compared to its length and breadth. Slabs are most frequently used
as roof coverings and floors in various shapes as square, rectangular,
circular,

triangular

etc.

in

buildings.

Slabs

supports

mainly

transverse loads and transfers them to the supports by bending

action in one or more directions. Beams or walls are the common
supports for the slabs.

Types of Slabs
Depending up on the ratio of longer span to short span( ), the
slabs are classified in to:

1. One Way Slab

2. Two Way Slab

One Way Slab:Slabs which are supported on all four edges and the ratio of longer
span to the shorter span ( ) is greater than 2 are called as one
way slab. One way slabs bends in one direction i.e., along the shorter
span and hence it needs main reinforcement in one direction only
(along the shorter span) to resist one way bending. However minimum
reinforcement known as distribution steel is provided along the
longer span above the main reinforcement to distribute the load
uniformly and to resist temperature and shrinkage stresses.

Two Way Slab:When the slabs are supported on all the four edges and the ratio of
longer span to the shorter span ( ) is less than or equal to 2, the
slabs are likely to bend along the two spans and such slabs are called
as two way slabs. The load is transferred in both the directions to
the four supporting edges and hence main reinforcement has to be
designed in both the directions to resist two way bending.

Note:When a slab is supported only on two opposite edges, irrespective of

longer span to shorter span ratio, the slab behaves like a one way
slab as it bends in only one direction i.e., perpendicular to the
supports (span direction).
A square slab ( = 1) will also acts as one way slab if it is

supported only on two opposite edges.

Minimum Reinforcement:The reinforcement in either direction of span shall not be less than
0.15% of gross cross sectional area if mild steel is used. However,

this value is reduced to 0.12% where high strength deformed bars

or welded wire fabrics are used.

Maximum Diameter of Bars:The diameter of the bars shall not exceed one eighth of the total
thickness of slab.

Spacing of Main Reinforcement:The spacing of main reinforcement in slabs shall not be more than
three times the effective depth of solid slab or 300mm whichever is
less.

Distribution Reinforcement:The area of distribution reinforcement shall not be less than 0.15%
of gross cross sectional area if plain bars are used and 0.12% if high
yield strength deformed bars are used. The spacing of distribution
reinforcement in slabs shall not be more than five times the
effective depth of slab or 450mm whichever is less.

Cover to Reinforcement:Reinforcement shall have concrete cover of thickness as follows:a) At each end of reinforcement bar not less than 25 mm nor less
than twice the diameter of such bar.
b) The bottom cover for reinforcement shall not be less than
20mm or less than the diameter of such bar.

Stair Case:Stairs provide access for the various floors of the building. The
stair consists of series of steps with landings at appropriate

intervals. The stretch between the two landings is called flight. The
room or space where stairs are provided is called stair case.
The width of stair depends up on the type of building in which it is
projected. Generally in residential buildings, the width of stair is
kept as 1 m and in case of public buildings it may be up to 2 m. to
allow free flow of users, the width of landings should be at least
equal to the width of stairs.
Each step has one tread (going) and one rise. Rise and tread are
proportional so as to provide convenient and easy access. The rise
may vary from 150 mm to 200 mm. the tread is in between 250 mm
to 300 mm. As per IS: 456, the slope or pitch of the stairs should
be in between 25 40.

Types of Stair Cases:1. Single Flight stair Case: This type of stair is used in
cellars or where the height between the floors is small and the
frequency of its use is less.

2. Quarters Turn stair Case:-In this stair case, flights run

adjoining the walls and provide uninterrupted space at the
center of the room.

3. Doglegged Stair Case:-The most common type of stairs

arranged with two adjacent fights running parallel with a midlanding. Where space is less, dog legged stair case is generally
provided resulting in economical utilization of available space.

4. Open Well Stair Case:-In public buildings where large

spaces are available, open well stair case is generally preferred
due to its better accessibility, comfort and ventilation due to
its smaller flights with an open well at the center.

5. Geometrical

stair

Case:-It is aesthetically superior

compared to other types and is generally used in the entrance

of cinema theatres and shopping malls.

6. Spiral stair Case:-in congested locations, where space

available is small, spiral stairs are ideally suited. It comprises a
central post with precast treads anchored to the central
column.

Ground and Upper Floors:A single storeyed building has only one floor which directly rest
on the ground is known as ground floor. Multi-storeyed buildings
have other floors also in addition to ground floor. Sometimes, one
or two storeys of building are constructed underground level,
such floors below ground level are called basement floors.

Functions of Floors:1. The function of floor is to provide clean, smooth, durable,

strong and water tight leveled surface for users.

2. The upper floors divide the building in to no. of storeys and

provide heat, sound and fire insulation.

Finishes for Walls:Wall finishes are of several types, they are pointing, plastering,
painting etc.

Functions of Finishes of Wall:1. It protects the structure form the effect of rain, sun, snow
etc.

2. It provides true, smooth and even surface by covering

defective workmanship.

Ratios of Mix of Concrete

C.C Bed 1:5:10
1cement: 5coarse sand: 10 graded stone aggregate 40mm
nominal size.
R.C.C footing 1:2:4
1cement:2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 20mm
nominal size.
R.C.C columns 1:1.5:3
1cement: 1.5coarse sand: 3graded stone aggregate 20mm
nominal size.
R.C.C plinth beam 1:2:4
1cement: 2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 20mm
nominal size.
R.C.C chajja, lintels, shelves, stair case 1:2:4
1cement: 2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 20mm
nominal size.
R.C.C roof beams and slabs 1:2:4
1cement: 2graded coarse sand: 4graed stone aggregate
20mm nominal size.
R.R masonry 1:6:12
1cement: 6coarse sand: 12graded stone aggregate 20mm
nominal size.
C.R.S masonry 1:6
1cement: 6coarse sand
Damp Proof Course 1:2:4
1cement: 2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 12.5mm
nominal size.

Brick Wall
Brick work with F.P.S bricks of class designation 75 in super
structure above plinth level up to floor level in all shapes and
sizes.
1:4 (1cement:4coarse sand) for 4.5 thick brick wall.
1:6 (1cement: 6: coarse sand) for 9 thick brick wall.

Finishing
External plastering for height up to 10mts from ground level unless
otherwise started (without material).
12mm cement plastering
1:4 (cement:4fine sand)
1:6 (cement:6fine sand)
15mm cement plastering
1:4 (1cement:4fine sand)
1:6(1cement:6fine sand)
20mm cement plastering
1:4 (1cement:4fine sand)
1:6(1cement:6fine sand)

Cement Plastering in Course Sand

12mm cement plastering
1:4 (1cement:4fine sand)
1:6(1cement:6fine sand)
15mm cement plastering
1:4 (1cement:4fine sand)
1:6(1cement:6fine sand)

AGRI GOLD PROJECTS LIMITED

Agri Gold Projects limited is located at Agri Gold Towers, 6-3680/A/B, Thakur Mansion Lane, Somajiguda Circle, Punjagutta,
Hyderabad. AGPL is a highly quality conscious company with the
motto of "Excellence through Quality". AGPL, realizing the business
potential, planned the diversification in to Construction Industry and
the division.
AGPL has been actively participating in the high growth
opportunities offered by Indian Infrastructure Industry, more
specifically in the construction sector of Row houses and High-Rise
Buildings.
AGPL's main thrust is in construction and upgrading of highways
and property development including world class townships and
commercial buildings using modern technology and equipment.
As a quality conscious company, AGPL continued to strengthen its
position and it is regarded as a pioneer and trusted business partner
serving the Indian infrastructure growth.
Agri Gold Projects Ltd. (AGPL) is a Company registered under the
Companies Act 1956. Its Registered Office is located at Hyderabad.
AGPL is a multi-core diversified Industrial Conglomerate and the
success dossier promoting new trends by developing Layouts, Earth
Works, Canal, High-Rise Buildings, Individual Villas, Row Houses, and
Club House & Resorts.
AGPL, realizing the business potential, planned the diversification
in to Construction Industry and the division.

Vision of the Company

To build a world-class engineering, construction, and project
management enterprise and to create a professional environment
that will continually challenge our associates and affiliates to
innovate, improve, and deliver. Mission to achieve excellence in
quality, safety, reliability by contributing towards community
development and nation building.
Our Project Site

Advantages of Industrial Training

It helps to improve the skills to communicate with the workers.
It provides experience to us.
It shows the way in which various works are done.
It helps to gain practical knowledge in the field.
It teaches us the basics of civil engineering.
It helps to improve our manual skills under senior engineers.
It increases our ability and attitude towards job.
It improves our familiarity with technical terms, material and
tools.