DienTuCongSuat SPKT C3 Rectifier AC-DC Update V2.0!08!2013

in T Cng Sut
Chng 3
Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

Email: khaibk@ieee.org
Chng 3: B chnh lu AC-DC

Rectifier
3.1 M u
3.2 B chnh lu khng iu khin (diode rectifiers)
3.2.1 B chnh lu mt pha
3.2.2 B chnh lu ba pha
3.3 B chnh lu c iu khin (phase controlled rectifiers)
3.3.1 Gii thiu mch iu khin SCR
3.3.2 B chnh lu mt pha iu khin
3.3.2 B chnh lu ba pha iu khin
3.1 M u
Bo chnh lu: bien oi dong ien xoay chieu dong ien mot chieu.
Bo chnh lu c ap dung lam nguon ien ap mot chieu:
co ieu khien, cap cho cac thiet b ma, han mot chieu;
nguon ien cho cac truyen ong ong c ien mot chieu;
cap cho mach kch t cua may ien mot chieu hoac may ien ong bo.
Bo chnh lu con dung e chuyen oi ien xoay chieu thanh dang mot
chieu e truyen tai i xa (HVDC).
Bo chnh lu con tao thanh mot bo phan trong thiet b bien tan,
cycloconverter dung trong truyen ong ien ong c xoay chieu.
Cong suat cua cac bo chnh lu co the t vai tram W en hang chuc MW
Phn Loi
1. B chnh lu khng iu khin Diode Rectifier
Ng vo: in p xoay chiu vi bin v tn s khng i (50Hz,
60Hz, 400Hz)
Ng ra: p mt chiu c nh
2. B chnh lu c iu khin SCR Rectifier

Ng vo: in p xoay chiu vi bin v tn s khng i (50Hz,
60Hz, 400Hz)
Ng ra: p mt chiu c th thay i c
3.2 B CHNH LU KHNG iU KHIN

Diode Rectifier
3.2.1 Nhng khi nim c bn v b chnh lu

3.2.2 B chnh lu cu mt pha
3.2.3 B chnh lu cu ba pha
3.4 Mch lc p ti v dng ti
3.5 Cc b chnh lu kp
S khi
Ti Thun Tr - R
B chnh lu c bn vi ti thun tr
in p trung bnh nh ra
bng 31.8% gi tr nh p vo
Ti Thun Tr - R
Ti Cm - RL
B chnh lu c
bn vi ti cm RL
vs Ri L
di
dt
Dng vn tip tc ngay

sau khi in p ng vo m
Ti Cm - RL
Ti Cm - RL
10
Ti Ngun Pht dc (back-emf)
Dng bt u dn khi p ngun ln hn Ed

Dng vn tip tc dn sau khi p ngun nh hn Ed
11
3.2.2 B Chnh Lu Cu Mt Pha

Single-Phase Diode Bridge Rectifier
12
Trng Hp L Tng (Ls = 0)
T in C ln dng lc v
lu nng lng ca dc ng ra
Trng hp l tng (Ls = 0)

Hai nhm, mi nhm gm 2 diodes

13
Trng Hp L Tng (Ls = 0)
Ti l thun tr
Ti l ngun dng
Dng sng in p ng ra ging nhau

14
Trng Hp L Tng vi ti l ngun dng
id if vs 0
is
id if vs 0
Dng in ng vo khi ti l ngun dng
Phn tch Fourier cho is

tr trung bnh Id
Hi c bn
I s1
THD = 48.43%
DPF = 1.0
2
2 I d 0.9 I d
h : chan
0
I sh
I s1 / h h :le
PF DPF
I s1
0.9
Is
15
nh Hng ca Ls Ti Dng Chuyn Mch
Dng in trn ti khng i v tng ng

nh mt ngun dng
Do c tnh ca Ls dng ngun khng th thay i trng thi t ngt (t +Id sang
Id v ngc li)
S c khong thi gian cn thit mch chuyn trng thi thi gian chuyn mch u.
Qu trnh chuyn mch din ra khi c dng dn qua hai diode khp mch ngun
16
Mch m t qu trnh chuyn mch
Dng sng khi Ls = 0.
17
Khi vs(t) < 0, dng Id chy qua D2 vd = 0, is = 0, D1 ngt.

Khi vs(t) bt u tng t t = 0 D1 phn cc thun v bt u dn dng is
tng ln do qu trnh np nng lng cun cm Ls (0 < is < Id). Do D2 dn
dng is b ngn mch qua Ls-D1-D2 trong khong thi gian chuyn mch u.
Khi is = Id, D2 ngt kt thc qu trnh chuyn mch
18
Bi tp
Cho mch in nh hnh v vi diode v ngun dng l tng c cc tham s:
Vs = 230 V (rms), f = 50 Hz, Id = 10 A v Ls = 5 mH. Tnh:
(a) Gc chuyn mch u.
(b) Tr trung bnh in p trn ti Vd
(c) Cng sut trung bnh trn ti.
(d) Gii thch qu trnh xy ra trong mch khi p ngun vt qua mc 0 t
dng sang m.
19
Chnh lu Cu 1-Pha c Ls: ti l ngun dng
Mch m t lc xy ra qu trnh chuyn mch

20
Chnh lu Cu 1-Pha c Ls: ti l ngun p
Mt na chu k
Dng ngun khng lin tc

21
Cu Chnh Lu Diode Thc T
Mt na chu k
Vs = 120 V (rms), f = 60 Hz,
V d 5.1/97 Ls = 1 mH, Rs = 1 m,
Cd = 1 mF, Rload = 20 .
tb < t < tf
did
vd KVL
dt
dv
v
id Cd d d
KCL
dt Rload
tf < t < tf +0.5t
vs Rs id Ls
v d (t ) v d (t f ) e
( t t f ) /( C d Rload )
id 0
22
Mo Dng Dng Ngun
V d 5.2/97
V d 5.3/98
THDi = 88.8%
PF = 0.736
23
Mo Dng p Ngun
Ls1 : tng tr khng ngun
Ls2 : tr khng thm vo t cc
thit b cng sut
Rs : in tr tng ng ca
diodes
di
di
vPCC vs Ls1 s1 Ls1 sh

dt
h 1 dt
di
where (vPCC )1 vs Ls1 s1
dt
di
(vPCC ) dis Ls1 sh
h 1 dt
V d 5.5/100
24
3.2.3 B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha

Three-Phase Full-Bridge Rectifiers
u im b chnh lu 3-pha so vi 1-pha:

Sng cha cc thnh phn t gn hn
(lower ripple)
Kh nng mang cng sut cao hn
25
B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha Mch l tng
Mch l tng vi Ls = 0
c v li vi hai
nhm, mi nhm
gm 3 diodes
26

Dng sng na bn cu dng
27

Dng sng na bn cu m
28

Dng sng ng ra
29

in p trung bnh ng ra
30

Ti l ngun dng
vd vPn v Nn
I d diode1: ON
ia I d diode 4 : ON
0
diode1 or 4 : OFF
Vdo 1.35VLL
Dng sng dng ngun

31

Dng sng dng ngun
32
Tr hiu dng ngun dng

Is
2
I d 0.816 I d
3
I s1
1
6 I d 0.78 I d
Is1 cng pha vi vs DPF = 1.0

H s cng sut ngun
PF DPF
I s1
0 . 955
Is
33
nh Hng ca Ls ti Dng Chuyn Mch
ia iu
ic I d iu
Au L s I d
in p dc trung bnh
Vd Vdo Vd 1.35VLL
3
Ls I d
34
Vi Ti l Ngun DC Khng i
Ngun dc ng ra (t lc C ln)
Mch tng ng
Mo Dng ca Ngun Dng

35
V D
B chnh lu cu diode 3-pha c cp cho ti 2.2 kW vi cc
thng s: VLL = 208 V/ 60 Hz, Ls = 1 mH, Cd = 1100 uF. Tnh
tr trung bnh dng v p DC ng ra. M phng trn PSIM,
xc nh phn trm nhp nh p ra v THD dng ngun
278 Vdc, 7.94 A

36
So Snh B Chnh Lu Cu Diode 1-Pha Vi 3-Pha
Dng sng dng ngun: cu 1-pha c mo dng nhiu hn

H s cng sut ngun: cu 1-pha c h s cng sut thp hn
Dng dc ng ra id: gn sng ca cu 3-pha nh hn
t lc s dng trong cu 3-pha nh
37
3.3 B CHNH LU C iU KHIN

Phase Controlled Rectifiers
38
B chnh lu dng Thyristor
Trong cc ng dng: b xc pin, iu khin ng c i hi b ngun dc

cung cp phi thay i gi tr theo yu cu ca ti
Chiu dng ti Id khng thay i b chuyn i ny ch hot ng 2 gc

phn t (I v IV)
Gc phn t I: cng sut truyn t ngun ac n ti dc
Gc phn t IV: cng sut t ti dc tr ngc v ngun ac. Thng ti l

batteries hoc ch my pht ng c c hm
39
Hot ng Thyristor SCR
40
Cu hnh c bn dng Thyristor

Ti R
Ti RL
v L (t ) L
di
vs vR
dt
41
Cu hnh c bn dng Thyristor

Ti: cun cm v ngun p dc Ed
vL (t ) L
di
vs Ed
dt
42
Mch kch Thyristor
180
vcontrol
^
Vst
43
B chnh lu mt pha bn cu c iu khin
S mch n gin vi ti
l ngun dng
1.
2.
3.
Diode l tng: VD,on = 0

Thyristor l tng: VT,on = 0
Cun cm gi tr ln id = constant
44
Ti , ig1 > 0 v T1 trng thi kha

T1 v D1: dn thng qua nhnh:
Ti t1, ig1 = 0 T1 v D1 vn duy tr

trng thi dn
Ti , vs bt u m, nu T1 v D1 vn
duy tr dn, vd < 0 Dfw: dn iDfw =
id iT1 = 0 T1 v D1: ngt. Qu
trnh ny c gi l chuyn mch
Ti t > , vs < 0 T1 vn ngt v Dfw

vn duy tr trng thi dn iDfw = id
Ti + , ig2 >0 v T2 trng thi kha

T2 v D2: dn thng qua nhnh:
45
46
47
48
49
50
B chnh lu cu ton phn iu khin
Mt pha
Ba pha
51

Trng hp l tng Ls = 0
1.
Cun cm L gi tr rt ln id = constant
2.
52
Ti , ig1, ig2 > 0 v T1, T2 trng thi

kha T1 v T2: dn thng qua nhnh:
Ti , vs bt u m, nhng id > 0 T1
v T2 vn duy tr trng thi dn
Ti + , ig3, ig4 > 0 v T3, T4 trng

thi kha T3 v T4: dn thng qua
nhnh:
53
54
B chnh lu mt pha iu khin

Cu 1-pha vi Ls = 0 v ngun dng khng i
55
B chnh lu mt pha iu khin

Vd
2Vs sin t d (t ) 0.9Vs cos
= 0 Vd0 = 0.9Vs
st p trung bnh do gc kch to ra

Vd = Vd0 Vd = 0.9Vs(1 cos )
Cng sut trung bnh vi ngun dng dc (Id)
1
P Id
T
vd dt 0.9Vs I d cos
56
Phn tch dng ngun is
57
Phn tch dng ngun is
58
Phn tch dng ngun is
59
Phn tch dng ngun is

Dng ngun dch chuyn chm pha gc so vi p
Phn tch Fourier:

Sng hi ca is:
I s1
2
2 I d 0.9 I d
I sh
I s1
h
Tr hiu dung ca is: Is = Id
I s2 I s21
%THD 100
48.43%
I s1
60
Cng sut ngun, H s cng sut
H s cng sut mo dng
DPF cos 1 cos
H s cng sut ngun
PF
I s1
DPF 0.9 cos
Is
Cng sut ngun

P = VsIs1cos1 = 0.9 VsIdcos
61
nh hng ca Ls
62
nh hng ca Ls
Khong thi gian chuyn mch, u

63
nh hng ca Ls
64
V D 6-1/132
Cho Ls = 5% gi tr tr khng c bn ca ng dy c in p nh mc 230
V/ 60 Hz v cng sut nh mc 5 kVA. Tnh gc chuyn mch u v in p
trung bnh trn ti Vd. Bit rng cng sut tiu th trn ti l 3 kW v = 30.
5000
21.74 Arms
230
230
10.58
Tr khng c bn
21.74
Dng nh mc
Ls = 0.05*10.58/(2pi*60) = 1.4 mH
2
2
Ls I d 3kW
2
I d 533.53I d 8928.6 0
Pd Vd I d 0.9Vs I d cos
Id = 17.3 A
Vd = 173.5 V; u = 5.9
65
Trng hp tng qut

Ti l ngun p Ed mc ni tip vi cun khng Ld v in tr rt nh rd
Vd 0.9Vs cos
vd rd id Ld
did
Ed
dt
Tr trung bnh
2
Ls I d ,min
Vd rd I d Ed
66
Trng hp ngun dng khng lin tc

Thng xy ra khi ti l bng n vi dng Id nh
ngun dng is khng lin tc
67
B chnh lu ba pha iu khin
1.
Cun cm L gi tr rt ln id = constant
2.
3.
Ngun ba pha cn bng
68

Cu 1-pha vi Ls = 0 v ngun dng khng i
Gm 2 nhm, mi nhm cha 3 thyristor

69
70

Dng sng na bn cu dng
71

Dng sng na bn cu m
72

Dng sng ng ra
73
74
75

in p dc trung bnh
=0
Vd 0 1.35VLL
Vd
A
Vd 0
/3
VD: B chnh lu cu 3-pha iu khin c cp ngun 415 Vrms tai 50

Hz mc vo ti 10 ohm. Xc nh gc kch dng qua ti bng 50A
arccos 0.892
76
p dc ng ra ng vi cc
gi tr gc kch khc nhau
nhp nh ca p ra dc
bng 6 ln tn s ngun
77
Phn B Cng Sut
78
Dng dy ngun ia, ib, ic
79
Dng ngun ng vi cc
gi tr gc kch khc nhau
DPF = cos1 = cos

PF = 3/pi.cos
80
Dng qua SCR
81
Phn tch dng ngun
82
Phn tch dng ngun
83
Phn tch dng ngun
84
Tr hiu dng hi c bn: Is1 = 0.78Id

Tr hiu dng hi cn li: Ish = Is1/h, vi h = 6n 1
THD = 31.08%
85
nh hng ca Ls
86
V d
B chnh lu cu 3 pha c iu khin cp bi ngun 480 V (p dy) ti 60
Hz, Ls = 1.2 mH, Ld = 5 mH, rd = 0, Ed = 600 V v = 20.
M phng bng PSIM, tnh

Is1, Is, PF, v THD
Xem VD 6-3/148
87

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in T Cng Sut

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

Chng 3: B chnh lu AC-DC

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

2. B chnh lu c iu khin SCR Rectifier

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

3.2 B CHNH LU KHNG iU KHIN

3.2.1 Nhng khi nim c bn v b chnh lu

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

Dng vn tip tc ngay

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

Ti Ngun Pht dc (back-emf)

Dng bt u dn khi p ngun ln hn Ed

3.2.2 B Chnh Lu Cu Mt Pha

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

Trng Hp L Tng (Ls = 0)

Trng hp l tng (Ls = 0)

Hai nhm, mi nhm gm 2 diodes

Trng Hp L Tng (Ls = 0)

Dng sng in p ng ra ging nhau

Trng Hp L Tng vi ti l ngun dng

Phn tch Fourier cho is

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

nh Hng ca Ls Ti Dng Chuyn Mch

Dng in trn ti khng i v tng ng

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

nh Hng ca Ls Ti Dng Chuyn Mch

Mch m t qu trnh chuyn mch

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

Dng sng khi Ls = 0.

nh Hng ca Ls Ti Dng Chuyn Mch

Khi vs(t) < 0, dng Id chy qua D2 vd = 0, is = 0, D1 ngt.

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

Chnh lu Cu 1-Pha c Ls: ti l ngun dng

Mch m t lc xy ra qu trnh chuyn mch

Chnh lu Cu 1-Pha c Ls: ti l ngun p

Dng ngun khng lin tc

Cu Chnh Lu Diode Thc T

Mo Dng Dng Ngun

vPCC vs Ls1 s1 Ls1 sh

3.2.3 B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha

u im b chnh lu 3-pha so vi 1-pha:

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha Mch l tng

B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha Mch l tng

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha Mch l tng

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha Mch l tng

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha Mch l tng

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha Mch l tng

Dng sng dng ngun

B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha Mch l tng

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

B Chnh Lu Cu Ba Pha Mch l tng

Tr hiu dng ngun dng

Is1 cng pha vi vs DPF = 1.0

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Minh Khai

nh Hng ca Ls ti Dng Chuyn Mch