Trng HBK H Ni --

-- n tt nghip

M U
iu khin l mt lnh vc quan trng trong i sng x hi. Bt k v
tr no, bt c lm mt cng vic g mi chng ta u tip cn vi iu khin.
N l khu quan trng quyt nh s thnh bi trong mi hot ng ca chng ta.
Ngy nay, mc d dng in xoay chiu c s dng rng ri nhng
ng c in mt chiu vn tn ti. Trong cng nghip, ng c in mt chiu
c s dng nhng ni yu cu m my ln hoc yu cu iu chnh tc
bng phng v phm vi rng. V ng c in mt chiu c c tnh lm vic rt
tt trn cc mt iu chnh tc (phm vi iu chnh rng, thm ch t tc
bng 0). Nhng tin cy khi s dng ng c mt chiu li thp hn so vi
ng c khng ng b do c h thng tip xc chi than.
H thng iu khin chnh lu - ng c mt chiu cng l mt ng dng
ca k thut iu khin. Chnh lu c iu khin dng Tiristo iu chnh in
p phn ng ng c. Chnh lu cng c th dng lm ngun in chnh in p

kch t cho ng c. H thng ny thng c dng cho cc ng c in

c cp in t li xoay chiu. Nhm chng em gm 4 ngi c giao
n thit k h thng iu khin ng c in 1 chiu. n gm 3 phn.
Phn I: Tng quan chung v ng c in mt chiu,v h truyn ng
tirstor
Phn II: Tnh chn thit b mch lc mch iu khin
Phn III: Tng hp mch vng dng in.
Ni dung n chc chn cn rt nhiu vn cn b xung hon thin.
Em rt mong c s ng gp kin cu cc thy c trong b mn n
ca em c hon chnh. Em xin chn thnh cm n thy Phm Vn Din cng
ton th cc thy c trong b mn tn tinh hng dn em hon thnh
n ny em xin chn thnh cm n!
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Sinhvin: Lu Vn Thng

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

PHN I.
TNG QUAN CHUNG V NG C IN
MT CHIU V H TRUYN NG
TIRISTOR
I. TNG QUAN V NG C IN MT CHIU

1. Cu to ng c in mt chiu
ng c in mt chiu chia thnh 2 phn chnh:
Phn tnh ( Stato)
Gm cc b phn chnh sau:
Cc t chnh: l b phn sinh ra t trng, gm li st cc t v dy qun

kch t.
+ Li st cc t lm bng thp k thut in dy ( 0,5 1) mm p li v tn
cht.
cu.
in.
+ Dy qun kch t c qun bng dy ng bc cch in.
Trong cc my cng sut nh, cc t chnh l mt nam chm vnh
Trong cc my cng sut trung bnh v ln, cc t chnh l nam chm
- Cc t ph: t gia cc t chnh v dng ci thin iu kin lm
vic ca my in v i chiu
+ Li thp cc t ph c th l mt khi hoc c th c ghp bi cc l
thp ty theo ch lm vic.

Xung quanh cc t ph c t dy qun cc t ph, dy qun cc t

ph c ni vi dy qun phn ng.
Gng t: dng lm mch t ni lin cc cc t ng thi lm v my.
Phn quay ( rto)
Bao gm cc b phn chnh sau:
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
- Li thp phn ng: dng dn t, thng dng nhng tm thp k thut
in dy 0,5mm ph cch in mng hai mt ri p cht li gim tn hao
do dng in xoy gy ln.
Trong my in nh, li thp phn ng c p trc tip vo trc.
Trong my in ln, gia trc v li st c t gi rto.
Dy qun phn ng: l phn sinh ra sc in ng v c dng in chy
qua.

Dy qun phn ng thng lm bng ng c bc cch in.

Trong my in cng sut nh, dy qun phn ng dng dy tit din trn.
Trong my in cng sut va v ln, dy qun phn ng dng dy tit din
hnh ch nht.
C gp: dng i chiu dng in xoay chiu thnh mt chiu.
C cu chi than: dng a dng in t phn quay ra ngoi.
2. Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c in mt chiu
Khi cho in p mt chiu U vo hai chi in, trong dy qun phn ng
c dng in I. Cc thanh dn c dng in nm trong t trng, s chu lc
Ft tc dng lm cho rto quay.
Khi phn ng quay c na vng, v tr cc thanh dn i ch cho nhau,
do c phin gp i chiu dng in, gi cho chiu lc tc dng khng i, m
bo ng c c chiu quay khng i.

Khi ng c quay, cc thanh dn ct t trng, s cm ng sc in ng

E.. ng c in mt chiu sc in ng E ngc chiu vi dng in I
nn sc in ng E cn c gi l sc phn din

Phng trnh in

U E R .I p l:

3. Phn loi ng c in mt chiu

Cng nh my pht, ng c in c phn loi theo cch kch thch t
thnh cc ng c in sau:
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
ng c in kch t c lp
ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp c cun kch t c cp in t
mt ngun in ngoi c lp vi ngun in cp cho mch phn ng.

ng c kch t ni tip
ng c kch t ni tip c cun kch t mc ni tip vi cun dy phn
ng.
ng c kch t hn hp
ng c kch t hn hp gm 2 dy qun kch t: dy qun kch t song
song v dy qun kch t ni tip trong dy qun kch t song song l ch
yu.
II. KHI QUT V IU KHIN NG C MT CHIU

1. c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu
Ty theo cch kch thch t, ng c in mt chiu c nhng tnh nng
khc nhau biu din bng cc ng c tnh lm vic, c tnh c khc nhau.
Trong cc c tnh , quan trng nht l c tnh c. c tnh c dng xc
nh im lm vic xc lp hoc l kho st im lm vic n nh trong h

thng truyn ng in.

c tnh c ca ng c in l mt phng ta gia vi
momen = f(M).
Trong n thit k ny ta ch quan tm ti loi ng c mt chiu kch
t c lp
Phng trnh c tnh c
U

R
f

I
KT

RK
T

IKT
+

UKT

Khi ng c lm vic, rto mang cun ng quay

trong t trng ca cun cm nn trong cun ng li
xut hin mt sc phn in ng c chiu ngc vi

in p t vo phn ng ng c.
Phng trnh in p mch phn ng ng c:
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
U = E + I ( R + Rf)
Trong : + U : in p phn ng ( V ) H1. S ni dy ca
ng c

+ E: sc in ng phn ng ( V )
+ R : in tr ca mch phn ng ()
+ Rf : in tr ph ca mch phn ng
+ I : dng in mch phn ng.
Sc in ng E ca phn ng ng c l t l vi tc quay ca rto :
E = k..
Trong : + k =

pN
2a

h s cu to ca ng c
+ : t thng qua mt cc t (Wb)
+ : tc gc ca rto,

9,55

( rad/s
+ p: s i cc t chnh
+ N: s thanh dn tc dng ca cun dy phn ng
+ a: s i mch nhnh song song
+ n: tc quay (vng/pht)
Mt khc, mmen in t ca ng c:
Mt = k..I I

Mdt
k

Nu b qua cc tn tht c v tn tht thp th Mc = Mt = M

T cc phng trnh trn ta c: c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu

U
k.

R R

k. 2

Khi ton b cc thng s in ca ng c l nh mc v khng mc

thm in tr ph vo mch in tr th phng trnh c tnh c l:
U R

k.

k. 2

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

c tnh c ca phng trnh ny gi l c tnh c t nhin.

Tc o = U/k.l tc khng ti l tng.
Khi ph ti tng dn t Mc = 0 n Mc = Mm th tc ng c gim dn
t o xungmnn phng trnh c tnh c c dng:
o

c tnh c
Vi: =
R

k 2
_ st tc trn c tnh c.

Gi thit phn ng c b , t thng

= const th phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c mt chiu kch t c
lp tuyn tnh c dng hm bc nht y = ax + b nn ng biu din trn h ta
M0l mt ng thng ct trc 0ti o vi dc m.

TTN

M
0 Mm

H2. TH C TNH C T NHIN

2. IU CHNH TC NG C MT CHIU

a.Ch tiu iu chnh tc

iu chnh tc l mt trong nhng ni dung chnh ca truyn ng in
t ng nhm p ng yu cu cng ngh ca cc my sn xut. nh gi cht
lng ca mt h thng truyn ng in thng cn c vo mt s ch tiu sau:
Sai s tc
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Sai s tnh tc l i lng c trng cho chnh xc duy tr tc
t v c nh gi thng qua:

s% d 100
d

Mong mun: sai s =

s% cng nh cng tt.
Tnh lin tc ( trn ca di iu chnh)

i1

i
i + 1 i: h thng iu khin lin tc

i + 1 i : h thng iu khin nhy cp

Mong mun 1: h truyn ng c th lm vic n nh mi gi
trong sut di iu chnh.
Di iu khin tc
Di iu khin tc ( D) l t s gia gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht
ca tc lm vic ng vi mmen ti cho:

max
min

Mong mun D cng ln cng tt

Ngoi ra cn cc ch tiu khc nh: ch tiu kinh t, kch thc
b. Cc phng php iu khin tc ng c mt chiu
V vic iu chnh tc , ng c mt chiu c nhiu u im so vi cc
loi ng c khc: iu chnh d dng, cht lng iu chnh cao trong mt di
rng.
Xt phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu:
U R

k.

k. 2

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

Ta thy rng vic iu chnh ng c in mt chiu c th thc hin

c bng cch thay i cc i lng: R , , U
Thc t c 3 phng php iu chnh tc ng c mt chiu:
Phng php 1: Thay i in tr phn ng
y l phng php kinh in dng iu khin tc ng c trong
nhiu nm.
Nguyn l iu khin
Trong phng php ny ngi ta gi U = Um; = m v ni thm in
tr ph vo mch phn ng tng in tr phn ng.
cng ca ng c tnh c:
2

k.dm
M

R Rf

Ta thy khi in tr cng ln th cng nh ngha l c tnh c cng dc

v do cng mm hn.

Rf =
0
Rf

Rf1

0
0

Mc M2 M1 M
H3. c tnh c ca ng c khi thay i in tr ph
ng vi Rf = 0 ta c cng t nhin TN c gi tr ln nht nn c tnh
c t nhin c cng ln hn tt c cc ng c tnh c c in tr ph.
Nh vy, khi ta thay i Rf ta c mt h c tnh c thp hn c tnh

c t nhin.
c im ca phng php
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
in tr mch phn ng cng tng th dc c tnh cng ln, c tnh
c cng mm, n nh tc cng km v sai s tc cng ln.
Phng php ny ch cho php iu chnh tc trong vng di tc
nh mc ( ch cho php thay i tc v pha gim).
Ch p dng cho ng c in c cng sut nh, v tn hao nng lng
trn in tr ph lm gim hiu sut ca ng c v trn thc t thng dng
ng c in trong cn trc.
nh gi cc ch tiu
Tnh lin tc: phng php ny khng th iu khin lin tc c m
phi iu khin nhy cp.

Di iu chnh ph thuc vo ch s mmen ti. Ti cng nh th di iu

chnh D = max / min cng nh. Phng php ny c th iu chnh trong di D
=3:1
Gi thnh u t ban u r nhng khng kinh t do tn hao trn in tr
ph ln.
Cht lng khng cao d iu khin rt n gin.
Phng php 2: Thay i t thng
Nguyn l iu khin
Gi thit U= Um; R = const . Mun thay i t thng ng c ta thay i
dng in kch t.
Thay i dng in trong mch kch t bng cch ni ni tip bin tr
vo mch kch t hay thay i in p cp cho mch kch t.
Bnh thng ng c lm vic ch nh mc vi kch thch ti a (
= max) m phng php ny ch cho php tng in tr vo mch kch t nn

ch c th iu chnh theo hng gim t thng tc l iu chnh tc trong

vng trn tc nh mc.
Khi gim th tc khng ti l tng o

U dm
k

tng, cn
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
cng c tnh c

k 2
Ru

gim, ta

thu c h c tnh c nm trn c tnh c t nhin.

o2
o1
o

m
1

0 Mc1 Mc2

H4. c tnh c ca ng c khi gim t thng

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Khi tng tc ng c bng cch gim t thng th dng in tng v
tng vt qu mc gi tr cho php nu mmen khng i. V vy mun gi cho
dng in khng vt qu gi tr cho php ng thi vi vic gim t thng th
ta phi gim Mt theo cng t l.
c im ca phng php
Phng php ny c th thay i tc v pha tng.
Phng php ny ch iu khin vng ti khng qu ln so vi nh
mc.
Vic thay i t thng khng lm thay i dng in ngn mch.
Vic iu chnh tc bng cch thay i t thng l phng php iu
khin vi cng sut khng i.

nh gi cc ch tiu iu khin
Sai s tc ln: c tnh iu khin nm trn v dc hn c tnh t
nhin.
Di iu khin ph thuc vo phn c ca my. C th iu khin trn
trong di iu chnh D = 3 :1
Tnh lin tc: v cng sut ca cun dy kch t b, dng in kch t nh
nn ta c th iu khin lin tc vi 1
Phng php ny c p dng tng i ph bin, c th thay i lin
tc v kinh t ( v vic iu chnh tc thc hin mch kch t vi dng kch
t = (1 10)%Im ca phn ng nn tn hao iu chnh thp).
y l phng php gn nh l duy nht i vi ng c in mt
chiu khi cn iu chnh tc ln hn tc iu khin.
Phng php 3: iu chnh tc bng cch thay i in p.
Nguyn l lm vic

 iu chnh in p phn ng ng c mt chiu cn c thit b ngun

(my pht in mt chiu kch t c lp, cc b chnh lu iu khin)
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

TTN
U
1

Mc

01
02

0 M

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
H5. c tnh c ca ng c khi thay i in p
phng php ny: U = var;
m = const; Rf = 0
Khi thay i phn ng ( thay i theo chiu gim in p), v t thng ca
ng c c gi khng i nn cng c tnh c cng khng i, cn tc
khng ti l tng o = U /k.thay i ty thuc vo gi tr in p phn ng.
Do ta thu c h c tnh mi song song v thp hn c tnh c t
nhin tc l vng iu khin tc nm di tc nh mc.
c im ca phng php
in p phn ng cng gim, tc ng c cng thp.

iu chnh trn trong ton b di iu chnh.

cng c tnh c cao v c gi khng i trong ton di iu chnh.
Ch thay i tc v pha gim
Rt d t ng ha khi dng chnh lu c iu khin.
Phng php ny iu khin vi mmen khng i v v I u khng
i.
nhin)
nh gi chi tiu iu khin
Sai s tc ln ( sai s tc bng sai s tc ca c tnh c t
Tnh lin tc: in p ca ng c c iu khin bng b bin i. Cc
b bin i hin nay u c cng sut b nn c th iu chnh lin tc.
Di iu chnh c th t c D = 10:1
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH

Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
y l phng php duy nht c th iu chnh lin tc tc ng c
trong vng tc thp hn tc nh mc i vi ng c mt chiu.
Qua vic xt ba phng php iu chnh tc ng c ta thy phng
php iu chnh in p phn ng l trit v c nhiu u im hn c nn ta
chn phng php ny iu khin tc ng c in mt chiu
CC B BIN I IU CHNH IN P PHN NG CA NG C

H thng F- :H thng F - l mt trong cc phng n iu chnh tc

ng c mt chiu bng phng php thay i in p phn ng.
Nguyn l iu khin

F
MF

MSX
C

Theo s th ng c 1 bin i in nng xoay chiu ca li thnh

c nng trn trc ca n ri truyn sang trc ca my pht F, my pht F bin
i c nng thnh in nng mt chiu cung cp cho ng c , ng c
mt chiu chuyn thnh c nng trn trc lm quay my sn xut.
iu khin tc ng c cn iu khin in p t trn hai u ng
c, thng qua sc in ng ca my pht: E = kMF..MF.
Khi my pht F c quay vi tc MF c nh, sc in ng ca my
pht EMF ph thuc vo dng kch t IkMF theo lut ng cong t ha: EMF =
kMF.MF. .IkMF
Xt phng trnh c tnh c:
k
MF MF I

R MF R D

kD D

kMF

kD D

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

T
S

IkMF
m

IkMF
2

IkMF 1

IkMF =
0

T
S

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH

Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
H6. c tnh c ca h (F )
Ta thy khi iu chnh dng in kch t ca my pht ta iu chnh c
kMF MF
tc khng ti ca h thng: o

c tnh c:

kD D

k D D
.IkMF

cn cng

F D
R D

R F

th gi nguyn.
Do cc ng c tnh c l mt h ng thng song song.

Trong mch lc ca h F - khng c phn t phi tuyn no nn h c

nhng c tnh ng rt tt, rt linh hot khi chuyn cc trng thi lm vic. H
F - c cc c tnh c in y c 4 gc phn t ca mt phng ta .
+ c im ca h F -
*u im
S chuyn i trng thi lm vic rt linh hot, kh nng qu ti ln.
Phm vi iu chnh tng (c 30:1; ch khi dng trong mch kn).
iu chnh tc bng phng trong phm vi iu chnh.
Vic iu chnh tin hnh trn cc mch kch t nn tn hao nh.
H iu chnh n gin.
*Nhc im
Dng nhiu my in quay trong t nht l hai my in mt chiu,
gy n ln, cng sut lp t my t nht gp 3 ln cng sut ti yu cu.
Vn u t cao, cng knh tn din tch

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Hiu sut ca h thp ( khng qu 75%)
iu chnh su b hn ch
Hin nay ngi ta c khuynh hng thay th h F - bng h thng CL -

H thng CL - mt chiu

H thng CL - mt chiu dng b bin i l mt loi ngun iu p

mt chiu. Khi ni n vo mch phn ng vi ng c
in mt chiu kch t c lp ta s c h thng CL - .

Khc vi my pht in mt chiu, b bin i trc

tip bin dng xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu khng
qua mt khu trung gian c hc no.
Hin nay cc Tiristo c dng ph bin to ra
cc b chnh lu c iu khin bi cc tnh cht u vit ca chng: gn nh, tn
hao t, tc ng nhanh
- Nguyn l iu khin
ng c in mt chiu nhn nng lng t li xoay chiu thng qua b
chnh lu. B chnh lu bin i in li xoay chiu thnh in mt chiu cp
in cho phn ng ca ng c in mt chiu.
Khi iu khin gc m ca cc Tiristo ( tc l Tirito ch c m khi in
p anod dng hn catod) ta iu khin c in p phn ng tc l iu
khin tc ng c in mt chiu.
- Cc ch lm vic

Ch dng in lin
tc
Khi mmen ti tng Mt th dng in Ic dn n nng lng in t
tng. Khi in p ngun nh hn sc in ng th nng lng ca cun dy ln
lm cho nng lng x ra sc duy tr dng in n thi im m van k
tip.
Khi ch dng in lin tc, in p chnh lu
UCL = Udo.cos.
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Ch dng in gin on
Do mch ca ng c c in cm v in cm y c tch ly v x nng
lng. Nu dng in nh, lng tch ly nng lng ca cun dy nh nn x
nng lng nh. V vy khi in p ca li nh hn sc in ng ca ng

c, nng lng ca cun dy x ra m bo anod dng hn catod khng

duy tr tnh cht lin tc ca dng in. Lc ny, dng in qua van tr v 0
trc khi van k tip bt u dn.
Ch bin lin tc
Khi chuyn t trng thi dng lin tc sang trng thi dng gin on, h
s phi qua mt trng thi gii hn, l trng thi bin lin tc.
- c tnh c ca h thng
Ch dng in lin tc
Phng trnh c tnh c:

2
2

R RCL

.M

Udo . cos R RCL

.M

UCL

ke

ke .k.
ke .
ke .k.

Thay i gc iu khin = ( 0 - ),in p ca chnh lu bin thin t

Udo ( - Udo) v ta c h c tnh song song nm na bn phi ca h trc
ta {M, }. Nhng c tnh khng tn ti na mt bn tri l do cc van
khng cho dng in phn ng i chiu.
Khi tc khng ti l tng ty thuc vo gc iu khin

U do .cos
k .
e dm

V cng c tnh c:

kdm
l khng i.

R RCL

Cc ng c tnh ca h CL - mm hn cc c tnh c ca h F -
Ch dng in gin on
Phng trnh c tnh c:
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

1
kdm

U 2m cos .sin o sin o exp cot g

1 expcot g

Khi lm vic ch dng in gin on, ng c tnh c khng l

ng thng, l ng cong c cng thp hn.
Bin gii vng dng in gin on l ng phn cch gia vng dng
in lin tc v vng dng in gin on chnh l tp hp cc ng trng thi

bin {Mblt; blt} khi thay i gc = ( 0 - ) gn ng l ng elip c cc trc

chnh l cc trc ta - ng cong nt t trn hnh v.

Bin lin tc

o
1

=
0

o
2 blt
0

I blt

I
=
/2

H7. c tnh c ca h (CL - )

+ c im ca h CL -
* u im:
tc ng nhanh cao, tn tht t, gim ting n, hiu sut ln.

C kh nng iu chnh trn (1) vi phm vi iu chnh rng

( D 102 103)
C th thit lp h t ng vng kn m rng di iu chnh v ci
thin iu kin lm vic ca h.
*Nhc im:
Kh nng linh hot khi chuyn i trng thi lm vic khng cao, kh
nng qu ti v dng v p ca cc van km.
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Sc in ng ca b bin i c bin p mch ln gy tn hao ph
trong ng c v lm xu iu kin chuyn mch trn c gp ca ng c lm
xu in p ngun.
Khi iu chnh su h s cng sut costhp nht.

H THNG BM P NG C

B bm p mt chiu dng bin i tr s in p,

dng in mt chiu da trn nguyn l ng ngt c chu k

ngun in mt chiu.

- Nguyn l iu khin
Khi kha K ng dng in tng lm tng tc ng

c v tch ly nng lng in t cho in cm trong mch. Trong thi gian

kha ct, nng lng in t tch ly s phng qua Vo duy tr dng in

phn ng.
- Cc ch lm vic
Ch dng in lin
tc
Khi dng v in cm trong mch ln th nnsg lng in t duy
tr dng in cho n khi bt u chu k mi. Khi dng phn ng c dng lin
tc.
in p mt chiu c iu chnh bng b bm p cung cp cho phn
ng ca ng c.
in p mt chiu c bm vi in p trung bnh:
U TB

U1 .U1

Ta iu chnh thng qua chu k T. Chu k cng nh ( tn s cng ln

f = 1 /T) th vng gin on cng nh, cht lng iu khin cng cao.
iu khin bm p c cht lng tt hn iu khin chnh lu khi tn
s f cao.
Ch dng in gin on
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Nu dng in v in cm c gi tr nh th ng cong c dng gin
on.
Nu dng in v in cm c gi tr gii hn no th dng in c th
gim n 0 ng vo thi im u ca chu k tip theo. Khi ta c dng bin
lin tc.
c tnh c ca h thng
Vi dng in lin tc:
Phng trnh c tnh c

Uba

2
2

R Rba
kek.
ke
ke .k.

.M

.U1

R Rba

.M

ke .

blt
= 1
Iblt
0

I, M
= 0
H8. c tnh c ca h thng vi dng lin tc
iu khin tc ta iu khin h s tc l iu khin rng xung
in p trong chu k in p.
Trong vng lin tc, c tnh c l tp hp cc ng thng song song vi
tc khng ti l tng
k
o

U
dm

v cng c tnh c:

k 2
R Rba

Vi dng in gin on
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
c tnh c l cc ng cong. Cng nh trong h CL - , ch ny
do mmen in t gin on m c tnh c tr nn rt mm.
Bin gii lin tc l ng c dng na hnh elip nm gc phn t th
nht v c dng nt t trn hnh v.
+ c im:
* u im
Vn u t nh, h n gin, chc chn.
cng c tnh c cao, xp x c tnh c t nhin.
*Nhc im
in p dng xung gy ra tn tht ph ln trong ng c
H thng c th lm vic trng thi dng gin on vi nhng c tnh

km n nh v tn tht nng lng nhiu.

III: H TRUYN NG (T-)
-H T mt chiu dng b bin i l mt loi ngun in mt chiu khi
ni n vo mch phaanf ng vi ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp ta s
c h T .
-Khc vi my pht in mt chiu b bin i trc tip ni bin dng
xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu khng qua mt khu trung gian c hc no .
-Hin nay Tirstor c dng ph bin to ra cc b chnh lu c diu
khin bi cc tnh cht u vit ca chng : Gn nh , tn hao t tc ng nhanh .
1. Nguyn l iu khin ng c in mt chiu: nhn nng lng t li
xoay chiu thng qua b chnh lu bin dng xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu
.Cp cho phn ng ng c in mt chiu.
2. Cc ch lm vic .
a,Ch dng lin tc .

-Khi m men ti Mt tng th dng in ng c tng dn n nng lng

in t tng .Khi in p ngun nh hn sc in ng th nng lng ca cun
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
dy ln lm cho nng lng x ra sc duy tr dng in n thi im m
van k tip .
-Khi ch dng lin tc
Ucl=Udo.cos
b, Ch dng gin on .
-Do mch ca ng c c in cm v in cm y c tch ly nng lng
.Nu dng in nh , lng tch ly nng lng ca cun dy nh nn x nng
lng nh , v vy in p ca li nh hn sc in ng cu ng c nng
lng ca cun dy x ra m bo anod dng hn catod khng duy tr
tnh cht lin tc ca dng in .Lc ny dng in qua van tr v 0 trc khi

van k tip bt u dn .
c,Ch bin lin tc .
-Khi chuyn t trng thi klin tc sang trng thi gin on h s phi
tri qua mt trng thi gii hn , l trng thi bin lin tc .
3. C TNH C CA H THNG .

a, Ch dng lin tc .
+Phng trnh c tnh c
=

Ucl

R + Rcl K .K2
.M =

Udo .Cos
Ke

Ke .

R + Rcl
.M
Ke .K

Thay i gc iu khin =(0) in p cu chnh lu iu khin t

Udo-(-Udo) v ta c c tnh h song song nm 1/2 bn phi h ta
(Mo) nhng c tnh khng thuc na bn tri l do cc van khng cho
dng in phn ng i chiu .
-Khi tc khng ti l tng ty thuc vo gc iu khin .
U .cos
o = Kdo
e m

-V cng c tnh c
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
2

(Km )

R + Rcl

b, Ch dng gin on
+Phng trnh c tnh c

)Sin(o

1 U2 m .Cos.sin(o
.

+ ) exp( cot g)
1 exp( cot g)

Km

-Khi lm vic ch dng gin on ng c tnh c khng l ng

thng m l ng cong c cng thp hn .
-Bin gii vng dng in gin on l dng phn cch gia vng dng
in lin tc v dng gin on chnh l tp hp ng trng thi bin .KHi
thay i gc =(0-) gn ng l ng lp c cc trc chnh l trc ta .
+u im
- tc ng nhanh , cao tn tht t gim ting n hiu sut ln c kh

nng iu chnh trn (8-1)vi phm vi iu chnh rng (D-102-103)

-C th thit lp h t ng phng kn m rng di iu chnh v ci
thin iu kin lm vic ca h.
+Nhc im :\
-Kh nng linh hot khi i trng thi lm vic khng cao , kh nng qu
ti v dng v p ca van km sc in ng ca b bin i c bin p
mch ln gy tn hao ph trong ng c v lm xu iu kin chuyn mch trn
c gp ca ng c lm xu in p ngun .
- Khi iu chnh su h s cng sut Cos thp nht.
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

PHN II: TNH CHN THIT B MCH LC V

MCH IU KHIN :

I: TNH CHN THIT B MCH LC:

1: LA CHN S MCH LC:

Da trn nhng phn tch nh gi v cc u nhc im ca cc loi

S v chnh lu ,vi ti l kch t ng c th dng chnh lu cu
Mt pha ,iu khin i xng l hp l hn c v n cho cht lng
in p v dng mt chiu tt nht :
2: S :

U
T

C
R1

R2

C
2

Ikt

S mch lc
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

GII THIU MCH LC :

Mch lc gm : 4 Triristor T1-T4 mc vi nhau thnh mt s

Cu i xng;
2 in tr R1;R2
2 T C1;C2 mc ni tip nhau v tng nhm mc song song vi
Triristor nhim v bo v qu ti v in p
1 Ap t mt .AT dng ng ct sa cha khi c s c ng thi n
c bo v ng c khi ngn mch :
I-3: NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH LC :

ng AT cp ngun cho mch lc

Khi =1 cho xung iu khin m T1 . Trong khong t 1-2 .
Tiristor T1 v T4 cho dng chy qua , khin in p vo i du Th T3 m
ngay . T1 t nhin kho li dng id =I d chuyn t T1 Sang T3 lc ny T3 v T4
cng cho dng chy qua Ud= 0
+ Khi =3 =+ cho xung m T2 dng ti id =Id chy qua T3 v T2

ng thi T4 b kho li .
Qu trnh c th lp i lp li s s dng van l Tiristor khi mun
ngng hot ng ta c th ngt AT ct ngun:
I-4: TNH CHN THIT B :

4-1: Cc s liu ban u ca mch lc :

P = 2,2 (kw)
Um = 220 (v)
Im = 10 (A)
Nm = 1500 (v/p)
= 0,85
4-2: tnh chn van .
iu khin tiristor dn dng th ta c :
UAk > 0
Ig>0

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Cc thng s c bn ca van c tnh nh sau.
Ulv = KNV .U2 = 1,41.110 =155 (v)
Do s chnh lu cu mt pha nn ta c .

K nv
2
1,41
in p ngc m van phi chu .
Unv = Ktv . Ulv = 1,9.155 =294 (v)
Ktv la h s d ch in p thng ly >1,6.
Nn dng in inh mc ca van l .
Ilv = Khd .I =0,67.10 =6,7 ( A)
Khd =0,67

Do chnh lu cu mt pha
Dng in nh mc ca van c chn da vo iu kin lm mt van
chn iu kin lm mt van bng khng kh tc lm mt t nhin bng cnh
tn nhit vi din tch b mt cho php lm vic
Imv =Ki .Ilv =1,5.6,7 = 10 (A)
Ki = 1,5 l h s d ch dng in
Chn van bn dn vi .
Unv = 294 (v)
Imv = 10 (A)
Loi tiristor cn chn l ,T12N400COE c cc tham s sau
in p ngc cc i ca van l : Un = 400(v)
Dng nh mc ca van l : Im = 15(A) nh
xungdng in : Ipik = 220(A) Dng in ca
xung iu khin Ik = 40(mA) in p ca xung
iu khin Uk=2(v) Dng in r Ir =5(mA

St p ln nht ca tiristor U =2,8(v

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Tc bin thin in p
Tc bin thin dng in Thi gian chuyn mch Tcm =50s
du
di

200(v / m) dt

180( A)

dt

Nhit lm vic cc i cho php Tmax =1250C

4-3: Tnh chn thit b bo v van:
Dng ptmt tc ng nhanh ng ct mch ng lc t bo v .Qu
ti v ngn mch tiristor.
+ chn ptmt (AT) c Im =(1,1-1,3)Id

Sao cho dng bo v ca ptmt khng vt qu dng ngn

Mch ca th cp .
Chn Im = 1,1I1d =1,1.3,74 =4,11(A)
Um = 220(v).
Dng cu ch ( cc) tc ng nhanh bo v ngn mch , nhm 1cc bo
v ngn mch bn ngoi c chn theo. Gi tr hiu dng ca dng in th
cp ca my bin p
I1cc = 1,1.I2 =1,1.6,7 =7,37 (A)
Chn I1cc =8 (A)
Nhm 2cc bo v van ph ti .
I2cc =1,1 Id =1,1.10 =11 (A)
+; Bo v qu nhit cho van bn dn .
van bn dn lm vic an ton khng bi trc thng v nhit ta phi
chn v thit k h thng to nhit hp l . hin nay ph bin ngi ta thng

dng lm mt bng cnh tn nhit .

- tn tht cng sut trn 1 tiristor .
P =U.Ilv = 1,9.6,7 =12,73 (w)
- din tch b mt to nhit .
Stn
2

12,73

0,35 (

) =35 (cm2)
Ktn.t
9.40

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Trong :
mt

t0 =t0lv t0
chnh lch so vi mi trng nhit lm vic
t0lv = 800
Nhit mi trng : t0mt = 40

vy t0 = t0lv = t0mt = 800

Bo v qu in p:
Qu in p chuyn mch xut hin khi van bn dn chuyn mch t
trng thi thng sang trng thi ngt . bo v v in p chuyn mch ngi
ta ni song song vi mi van mt mch R- C khi c mch R-C mc song song
vi tiristor to ra mch vng phng in tch trong qu trnh chuyn mch nn
tiristor khng b qu in p tr s ca in tr v in dung ca mch tu theo
tng loai van:
R = (510) ()
C = (0,254) (F)
Vy ta chn R = 22C = 0,47 (F)
4-4: xch nh thng s mch phn ng :
Vi cc thng s cho ca ng c ta tnh c in tr phn ng ng
c. Theo cng thc phn ng :

R= 0,5(1-m) .

Udm
Idm

Thay s :
R = 0,5.(1-0,85).
220

= 1,25()

10

in cm mch phn ng tnh theo cng thc gn ng :

L =K2
Wm =
Udm
.
Iudm.Zp. Wdm
Ndm
9,55

Trong : K2 l h s chn = 5,6 (i vi my khng b)

Zp l s i cc Zp =2
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Thay s ta c :
L =

5,6.220

0,2(H )
10.2.3000 / 9,55

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip II: TNH CHN THIT B
MCH IU KHIN :
II-1 : cc chc nng mch iu khin
Mch iu khin c chc nng iu chnh v tr xung iu khin trong phm vi
na chu k dng ca in p t trn Anot v Ktot ca tiristor: To ra c cc
xung iu kin m tiristor (xung iu khin thng

C bin t 210v
rng ca xung Tx = 20100s
rng ca xung c tnh theo biu thc :
Tx =
Idt di dt

Trong : It l dng duy tr tiristor

di

tc tng trng dng ti

dt

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip II-2: CU TRC MCH
IU KHIN .
iu khin tiristor trong s chnh lu hin nay thng gp l iu
khin theo nguyn tc thng ng tuyn tnh . ni dung ca nguyn tc ny nh

sau :
Khi in p xoay chiu hnh sin t vo anod ca Tiristor, c th iu
khin c gc m ca Tiristor trong vng in p dng anod ta cn to mt
in p ta dng tam gic ,ta thng gi in p ta l in p rng ca Urc nh
vy in p ta cn c trong vng in p dng anod
Dng mt in p mt chiu Uk so snh vi in p ta .ti thi im
in p ta bng in p iu khin ( Urc = Uk) trong vng in p dng
anod th pht xung iu khin m van.
S cu trc ca mch in iu khin
Ta c s cu trc:
Urc

RC

SS

TX

BAX

Uk
-F: khu ng pha l khi to in p ng b vi in p trn anot
knot ca tiristor.
- RC: khu to in p rng ca Urc
- SS: Khu so snh c nhim v so snh tn hiu Urc v Uk
- TX: khu to xung chm
-KD:khu khuych i xung
-BAX: bin p xung
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

U
0

U
1

U
2

U
3

U4

0 t
U5
t

U6

Gin in p
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip II-3: LA CHN CC
KHU TRONG MCH IU KHIN :

t
Un
g

CHC NNG CA CC KHU

3-1: KHU NG PHA .

U~

BAP 1

R1

UA
B

OA1

2 +E VR
UB
H S cu trc ca khu ng pha
u vo tn hiu xoay chiu bin nh ly t bin p.
u ra l tn hiu xung vung ng pha vi tn hiu in p li a vo khu
to in p ta Urc
S gm my bin p ng pha v mt khu so snh. Cun th cp ca
bin p ng pha gm hai cun dy c im gia trung tnh. Sau hai na chu k
in p hnh sin u vo 1v 2 th u ra ca n c in p dng.
Tn hiu ng pha ny c da vo cng o v khuch i thut ton
OA1.
Cng khng o OA1 nhn tn hiu t mt chiu qua khu phn p VR1. Kt qu

u ra ca OA1 ta c c cc xung vung.

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
3-2: KHU TO IN P RNG CA .

+ VR
B

R3

D3 R4

C1

+ C
OA2
Uk

UC

+URCM
-URCM

L in p so snh vi Uk im cn bng l thi im pht xung, hnh

dng ca Ur ph thuc vo nguyn tc iu khin y ta chn nguyn tc iu
khin thng ng tuyn tnh. in p ur l in p rng ca ng pha vi in p
li.
C nhiu phng php to ra ur
+ S dng i t v t in
+ S dng cho Tranzitor
+ S dng vi mch
Trong bn thit k ny ta chn s dng vi mch, tn hiu rng ca c
to thnh nh t C1 nh vo s phng np. S mc theo kiu tch phn, phn
t chnh ca mch l t C1 v khuch i thut ton OA1 v OA2.
Chn loi khuch i thut ton OA2 l loi khuch i thut ton
A741
Ngun cung cp 15V . Tn hiu c a vo cng o ca OA2 thng

qua i t chn ly tn hiu in p m

Ngun E+ (15) c mc vo ca o ni tip t C1 np cho t thng
qua R3 v VR2 khng ch thi gian v phng ca t C1
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip NGUYN L HOT
NG
Khi u0 > uA in p ra ca OA1 (Up < 0) th t 3 thng tu c np theo
k hiu nh hnh v
In = Ic = i2 i1
Trong
E E
I 2

(R = VR2 + R3)

I1 =

VR2 R3 R

Ubh Ud

R4
Chn Ubh = 12V Vi (Ud = 0,5V st p trn i t 3)
12 0,5
I1
R4

u = u i dt
Vi quy c chiu nh hnh v th ic < 0 thay vo ta c
11,5 15 t
Ur (
).
R4 R C1

Khu Ub = -Ubh th 3 dn t C1c np in n gi tr bo ha +

Urcmax
Khi Ub = + Ubh th 3 kha t C3 phng in t + Urcmax - Urcmax
E 15
Ip
RR

in p trn t gim dn
Ur Uz

15.t
RC1

nu thi gian tp l thi gian phng ca t ta c

Ur Uz

15.t
RC1

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
3-3: KHU SO SNH .

C R5

+URC Uk
R6 +
D t
U
OA3
d

t
T1

UF
t

T2

UG
t
H S cu trc ca khu so snh
Nhim v ca khu so snh l so snh in p rng ca Urc vi in p
iu khin Uk nh thi im pht xung m Tiritor.
in tr R5 ,R6 c tc dng hn ch u vo khuch i thut ton ( chon
vo khong 10 k )
in p u ra ca khu so snh ti im D l
UD = - 15 V khi Urc > Uk
UD = + 15 V khi Urc < Uk
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH

Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
im Urc = Uk l im lt trng thi xc nh thi im pht xung.
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
3-4:KHU KHUCH I XUNG.

+E
5
XC
SS T

BA

R9
7
1

4 R8

T2

H S cng cu trc ca khu khuch i xung.

S s dng hai Tranzitor T1 v T2 ghp trc tip lm chc nng khuch
i, u ra ghp vi ti bng bin p xung, tn hiu ly ra t hai khu gi ti:
- Tn hiu t khu so snh gi ti.
- Tn hiu t khu xung chm gi ti.
Nguyn l hot ng
Khi u ra ca khu so snh l mt xung in p ng dn ti T1 m to
thin p cho T2 m. Khi T2 m s c dng chy qua cun s cp bin p xung v

kt qu l th cp bin p xung c c mt chui xung c tn s bng mch ca

my pht xung chm, v c di xung ph thuc vo xung dng ca khu so
snh.
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
3-5: KHU TO XUNG CHM.

R1
R1

OA

4
+

R1
T

R1
R1

E
H s khu to xumg trm
Nhim v ca khu to xung chm l bm tn hiu xung iu khin thnh
dy xung nh vi tn s cao (c khong 10 KHZ)
Ngi ta dng xumg chm l nhm mc ch lm m chc chn Tiristor

Tn s xung ra
1 1
f

T R10 C 2

R13 hn ch in p t ln cc Baz ca Tranitor T3

8 loi b xung m t ln T3
y ta chn b dao ng dng IC khuyn i thut ton A 741
T C2 lin tc c phng np lm cho IC khuch i thut ton lt trng
thi lin tc
Mch to xung chm c tn s fXC = 10 KHZ
Txc = 100s
Chn R11 = R12 = 10K

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip II-4:TNH TON CC

KHU TRONG MCH IU KHIN .

4-1: khu bin p xung.
+ Bin p xung c nhim v truyn tn hiu iu khin BAX c cc
c
+ im sau:
- To xung vung c bin theo yu cu
- phn b i cc knh
- thay i cc tnh xung ra
- Cch ly v in gia mch iu khin v mch ng lc Do ta
tnh chn van l Tiristor c cc thng s sau y
Ug = 10V Ig = 0,42
A
Qua cc ti liu tham kho t s my bin p xung thng chn ( 1 3) l
tt nht, y ta chn t s my bin p KBA = 2

- Chn vt liu l li thp pherit lm vic trn mt phn c tnh t ha

+ bin thin cng t trng B = 0;2 (Tesla)
+ bin thin mt t cm H = 30A/m
Do TX = Tn nn coi tr s dng in hiu dng cun th cp bng 1/2 dng
iu khin
I2 = 1/2Ig = 1/2.0,42 = 0,21 (A)
+ Th tch li pherit c tnh
V

Kbax.U 2.I 2.tx.Ux

BH

Trong UX l st p xung ly bng 0,2

+ Tn s xung chm l txc = 10 KHZ
txc = 1/txc = 1/10.103 = 100 s
Cho rng xung i xng th khong ngh bng khong c xung vy
rng ca xung tx = 0,5 . Tx = 0,5 . 100 = 50 s

Vy V = 0,7 .10-6 (m3) = 0,7 (cm3)

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Tra bng trong trng hp t ha mt phn chn li thp c hnh ch E
c k hiu 814E250.
C din tch li t 0,202 (cm3)
in p s cp bin p xung phi k n in p ri trn iot U = 0,6V
khi gi tr in p cun s cp BAX l.
U1 = 2.Ud + K.Ug = 2.0,6 + 2.10 = 21,2 V (K l t s my bin p xung K
= 2 3 chn K = 2)
Gi tr dng in trn cun s cp bin p xung l
I1 = Ig/KBAX = 0,42/2 = 0,21 (A)
S vng dy cun s cp BAX l:
21,2.50.10 6
W1 262,3 (vng)
0,2.0,202.104

S vng dy cun th cp BAX

W2 = W1/ KBAX = 262,3/2 = 131,15 (vng)
Tit din dy qun s cp
S1 = I1/J (chn J = 4 A/mm)
S1 = 0,21/4 = 0,0525 (mm2)
ng knh dy qun s cp BAX:
d1 2.

I1

. 2.

j1
0,2

.4 0,25(mm) 3,14

ng knh dy qun th cp

d2 2.

I2

. 2.

j1
0,2

.4 0,36(mm) 3,14

4-2: khu khuch i xung.

Xung chm c tn s cao. c chn ln vi xung ti t khu so snh
S khu khuch i xung gm hai Tranzito mc theo s kiu
dalington
E2 l ngun mt chiu t khi ngun ca mch iu khin vo c :
E2 = + 24V
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH

Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
R = E2 /I2 = 24/0,21 = 114 ()
Ta chn tranzitor T1 l loi c m hiu C828 c cc thng s sau
UCF = 30V
= 30100
ICmax = 300mA
IB3 = 10 mA
Ta c IC2 = IE2 m IE2 = IB3 = 10 mA
UCEE2 = 24V. Khi T1 thng
- Chn tranzitor T2 loi ST630
c: UCE = 30V
ICE = 80 mA
= 30100
IB2 = IC1/= IC1/30 = 10/30 = 0,33 A
H s khuyn i ca khu l

K = 1 2 chn 1 = 2 = 30
K = 30.30 = 900
iu kin lm vic ca tranzitor ch xung
IC2 = IB3 IC3 /= 0,33 mA
R9 v 5 c nhim v bo v tranzitor khi b nh thng v qu in p
do sc in ng cm ng ca cun s cp bin p xung gy ra.
Qu trnh xy ra nh sau:
- Khi tranzitor ang trng thi m chuyn sang trng thi kha do tr s
in cm ln nn sc in ng cm ng c tnh nh sau:
e = w1 (du/dt)
Do sc in ng c chiu ngc vi sc in ng ngun nn D7 m do
nng lng tiu tn trn R12 trnh cho tip gip CE ca tranzitor phi chu
in p ln.
R8 gip cho tranzitor T1 d kha

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
4 gii phng nng lng do dng r trong min Bazow T2 v bo v cho
tip gip BE khng phi chi in p ngc khi tranzitor kha
R8 thng chn vo khon 100400ta chn R8 = 200R6
v R7 ta chn = 2 K
Chn it 4567 l loi c k hiu 204 do Nht Bn ch to c
Itb = 800 mA v Uim = 100V
4-3: khu so snh.
Ta chn khuych i thut ton OA3 l loi A 741 c cc thng s sau
Ung = 3 22V
U = 30V
Unf = 15V
It = 100 mA

Nhit cho php [ t ] = 55 1250C

Zra = 60
Zvo = 300
Ira= 125 mA
K0 = 5.104
du

= 0,5V/s

dt

Cc in tr R5 v R6 chn bng 20K

4-4: khu to in p rng ca.
Chu k ca khu to xung rng ca l 1/2T = t1+ t2 = 10 s
Trong t1 l thi np ca t np t (- URCmax n + URCm)
t2 l thi gian t C phng t ( + URCm n - URCm)
ta chn t1 = 1 (ms), t2 = 9 (ms)
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH

Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
III : THIT K NGUN MT CHIU C N P
I. S khi b ngun mt chiu n p.
U1
Li 220V-50Hz
H p
cch ly
Chnh
lu
Mch
lc
Mchn
nh in p

U2 UCl Ur

Uv

1. Cc phn t thc hin khi chc nng

+ Dng MBA thc hin khi h p v cch ly
+ Dng it thc hin khi chnh lu
+ Dng t in c in dung ln thc hin mch lc
+ Dng IC n p tuyn tnh h 7815 thc hin mch n nh in p
+15v
15
+ Dng IC n p tuyn tnh h 7815 thc hin mch n nh in p 2. S MCH NGUYN L

7815

7915

C2

C
4

220
v
+15v
0v

-15v
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
II. .TNH TON LA CHN PHN T TRN S
Yu cu thit k:
- in p u ra ca ngun n p Ur = 15 V
- Dng ti ln nht I ti = 1 A
- Phm vi thay i ca in p li U1 = 160 V 240(v)
cc bc tnh chn :
1/ Chn in p ri nh nht: Umin = 5 V trn Ic n p ng vi lc in p
xoay chiu u vo nh nht U1min = 160 V
2/ in p nh nht ca vo IC khi qua t lc C1

Uvmin = Ur + Umin = 15 + 5 = 20 V
3/ in p chnh lu nh nht khi cha c t lc

Ucl min

Uv min 10

14,4v
1,41

1,41

4/ in p nh nht ca th cp my bin p theo s chnh lu cn mt

pha
U2min = 1,11 Uclmin + Uba = 19,7 V
Trong ly Uba = 4 V l in p ri trn dy qun MBA v dy dn
5/ in p ln nht ca my bin p lc U1max = 240 V
U2 max

U1 max

2 min

U1 min

240

.19,7 29,5

160

6/ in p chnh lu ln nht khi cha c t lc.

Uclmax = 0,9 U2 max = 26 V
7/ in p ln nht ca vo IC n p khi c t lc .
in p li lc ny U1max = 240 V
Uv max = 2 Uclmax = 36,7 V
8/ St p ln nht IC n p
Umax = Uvmax Ur = 21,7 V
9/ Cng sut tn tht ln nht trn IC n p
Pmax = Umax.Iti = 21,7 W
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip 10/ Cng sut yu cu

P ti = Ura . Iti = 15 W
11/ Cng sut MBA
Pba = Pti + Pmax = 36,7 W
12/ Tit din li st MBA
S = 1,2 . Pba = 7,2 cm 2
13/ H s qun dy
N
0

40 60

5,5 8,3 (vng/vol)

14/ S vng dy
Cun s cp W1 = N0 U1max = 1320 vng
Cun th cp W2 = N0.U2max = 162,2 vng
15/ Dng in
Dng th cp
I2

It i
1.11
0,9A

Dng s cp
1
2

W
I 1.I
W2
7,3A

16/ Tit din dy chn mt dng J = 5 A/mm2

S cp
I1
J

1,5 mm2

Th cp

I2

0,18 mm2

17/ ng knh dy
S cp d1 =
4s1

= 1,38 mm
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
S cp d1 =
4s1

= 1,38 mm
Th cp d2

4s2

=0,47 mm
18/ Chn IC n p tuyn tnh loi 7815 v 7915
So snh Umax < Umax cp
Pmax < Umaxcp
Nh vy dng IC n p tuyn tnh loi 7815 v 7915 tho mn yu cu thit k.
19/ Chn t ho
Ta chn: C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 470 F
U=35v
20/ Dng it thc hin khi chnh lu
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

PHN IV TNH CHN THIT B T - HAI MCH

VNG.
I. KHI NIM CHUNG
I. Khi nim 1:
Trong cc h thng truyn ng t dng cng nh cc h chp hnh th
mch vng dng iu chnh dng in l mch vng c bn. Chc nng c bn
ca mch vng dng in trong cc h thng truyn ng mt chiu v xoay
chiu l trc tip (hoc gin tip). Xc nh m men ko ca ng c, ngoi ra
c chc nng bo v iu chnh gia tc.
Cu trc n gin nht iu chnh dng in l:

EB
(-)Ui

RI

KB
1+pTB
UdI
KBc Tup+1
Ki
Tip+1

Ta dng b iu chnh tc hoc in p c dng b khuych i tng

v mch phn hi dng in phi tuynP. Khi tn hiu dng in cha khu
phi tuyn ra khi vng km nhy, th b iu chnh lm vic nh b iu chnh
tc hay in p m khng c s tham gia ca mch phn hi dng in. Khi
dng in ln khu P s lm vic vng tuyn tnh ca c tnh v pht huy
tc dng ca b iu chnh R.
Khi nim 2:
Khi nim ny c m t theo hnh v sau:
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

Uu
'

R1

So1

S o2
Mc

R1

Cu trc theo kiu ny cho php iu chnh c lp tng mch vng vi

hai b iu chnh ring bit R1 & R2 trong b iu chnh R2 l b iu chnh
dng in vi gi tr t I.
Trong truyn ng in khi nim iu chnh dng in c s dng
rng ri v c th hin trn hnh v:

Mc
U
(-)
Uu'

RI

S 01

S02

Trong :
RI B iu chnh dng in.
Rco B iu chnh tc .
Mi mch vng c b iu chnh ring c tng hp t i tng ring
v theo tiu chun ring.
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
II. LP M T TON HC CA CC KHU V CC PHN T

TRONG H TRUYN NG.

1. M t ton hc cc phn t ca ng c in 1 chiu
Gi s: T thng c = m = const
- U p= E(P).R+ L.P.i+K (P)
-Mo(P) = Mc(P) = J.P.(P)
Cn c vo ta c cu trc mch vng:

Uu'

()Eu'

1/Ru' Iu'
K
1+Tu'P
-Mc

1
Jp
K

Trong cc phn t:
U: L in p phn ng ng c
i: L dng in phn ng
R: in tr phn ng
L: in cm phn ng
Ta tnh c mch phn ng ng c:

Theo cng thc (2- 19) trang 31 (T) ta c

R = 0,5.(1- m)
Vi = 0,85
Um Im
Um = 220 R = 0,5 ( 1-0,85)
Im = 10A
Vy suy ra R = 1,65
220
10
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
in cm mch phn ng c th tnh theo cng thc.

K .U

n
=
m
9 ,
Vi55

L =

L m

I m .Zp .dm

Trong :
KL H s in cm chn KL = 5,6 (my khng b)
ZP S i cc, chn ZP = 2.
nm = Im
Im tc nh mc, chn nm = 3000v/p
Thay s vo cng thc ta c:
L = 5,6

220

= 0,196(A)
10.2.3000 / 9,55

Nh vy ta c hng s thi gian chuyn mch phn ng l:

T=

0,198

= 0,12(s) 1,65

T phng trnh c tnh c t nhin:

m =

U m - R I m
K

Suy ra
m

=
K

U m - R.Im

vi m

n m
9,55

Thay s ta c:
Km
=

220 - 1,65.10

= 0,65

3000 / 9,55

Mt khc t cng thc.

T
R J
(K)2
J

T (K)2
R

Thay s vo ta c:
0,12.0,65 2
J = = 0,03

1,65
vy ta c s mch vng m t ng c in mt chiu.
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

-Mc
Uu'
1/1,65 Iu'(P)
0,65
(1+0,12
)Eu' P
1
0,03P

0,65
2. Mch vng iu chnh dng in.
Ta c s khi ca mch vng dng in.

(-)Ui

RI

EB

KB
1+
UdI PTB
KB
I Tu'P+ 1
Ki

-E

Tu'P+
1
in cm phn ng ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp c xc nh
theo cng thc
L = Ki
U m
..

I m Zp m

Vi: Ki H s d tr dng in chn K = 0,25

Zp S i cc chn Zp = 2.
Thay s vo ta c:
L = 0,25

220

= 0,008(H)
10.2.3000 / 9,55

Hng s thi gian in t thuc phn ng ng c

T=

0,008

= 0,0048(s) 1,65

T phng trnh c tnh c t nhin.

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
dm

K
=

Um - R .Im
=

Km
Um - R .Im

Suy ra
m

Km
m

=
=

Um - R .Idm
N m / 9,55
220 - 1,65.10

= 0,64(wb)

3000 / 9,55

Hng s thi gian c hc.

Tc
R
( K) 2
0,015(s)
Xt thy hng s thi gian Tc = 0,015 9 (s) rt ln so vi thi gian in t
ca phn ng ng c T = 0,0048 (s).V th nn ta coi sc in ca ng c
khng nh hng n qu trnh iu chnh mch vng dng in . Mt khc
phn ng ca mch phn ng (sc in ng E) chm hn nhiu so vi phn
ng ca b iu chnh dng in Ri nn khi tng hp mch vng dng in ta
cn b qua khu phn hi dng in:

E = Km.
Ta c s cu trc
RI

Soi(P)

Udi
Uk
Ui= I..Ki

T ta c hm truyn t.

K .K / R

Soi( p)
(1 TB .P )(1 T .P )(1 Ti P )
IB

cc hng s thi gian T, Ti rt nh so vi hng s thi gian in t T

(t Tsi = TB + Ti)
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
K .K / R
Soi( p) = I B
(1 + Tsi .P )(1 + T .P )
Ta t
Koi
=

KI .KB
R

Suy ra

Soi( p)
KI .KB / R
(1 Tsi .P )(1 T .P )

1
Thi gian tr ca b bin i: TB
f Tn s li in, f = 50 Hz

2mf
m H s p mch vi s cu mt pha k i xng th m = 2

Khi
1
T 0,005(s) 5(ms)
B
2.2.50
H s khuych i:
KB =

dEd dUdk

Ed
Udk
=

U
(1 - dk )TachnUrm = 10v
2 Urm

Vi Ed = Edo cos
Ly Uk = 6v

6
(1 ) 0,628
= 510
2 10
Ed = 2,34. 100. cos 510 = 148 (v).
Khi h s khuych i:
K=

148

= 25

Khu phn hi dng in c dng truyn:

Wi( p)
Ki
1 Ti P
Ta c h s t l: K
I
=

Ui m

Chn Uim = 6v

i
m

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
So 1 (1)
pRKT

Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

Vy
6
K 0,6
i
10
B qua hng s thi gian Ti

K .K
Koi B i
R
25.0,6

9,1
1,65
p dng tiu chun ti u mun ta tm c hm truyn ca b iu
chnh dng in c dng l khu PI:

Chn: Tri = T =0,048 (s)

K. Tri = 2Tsi . Koi = 2 TB . Koi

S iu khin thuc b u chnh dng in:

Ud

R1

Rf C
-

V+
Ui R2 +

V-

Ta c hm truyn t ca b iu chnh

R CP 1
R P f

R1 .C .P

So vi hm truyn:

R (P )

Tri.P 1
KTRi. P
Suy ra Rf. C = Tri (I)
R1 . C = K. Tri (II)
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
T (I) suy ra : Rj =

TRi

vi Tri = T = 0,008 (s)

C
0,0048

Chn C = lf Rf =
6

1.10

= 4800()
T (II) suy ra: R

K.Tri

. Chn C = 1(f) K

= 0,03
1

ri

R1

0,03

30000() 30(k) 1.10

V Ud = Ui = 6v R1 = R2 = 30 k
c tnh v hm truyn ca ng c in mt chiu thay i rt mnh khi
chuyn v vng dng in gin on. iu ny lm phc tp cho cng
vic tng hp cc b iu chnh ca h.
V th s dng cc b iu chnh dng in thch nghi nn c kh nng

thayi c cu trc v thng s gip cho h t c c tnh iu chnh tt

hn.
3. Mch vng iu chnh tc .
Mch vng iu chnh tc c chc nng c bn l trc tip hoc gin
tip xc nh tc ca ng c cho ph hp vi ti trng thay i t ngt:
Ta c s :

Ud

(-)
U

HC
Ri
1/Ki K
1+2TsP
1
JP
Mc
KS1+PT

Cn c vo s trn ta c:

Sow
(P )

R .K
K .Ki .Tc
1
.
P (2 Tsi P 1)( TP 1)
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
K

Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
Trong :
o

Suy ra : S

(P )

Ko
P ( TsP 1)
Theo tiu chun ti u m un ta xc nh c hm truyn thuc b iu
chnh l khu t l:
Rco
1

(P ) =
So (P ).2P + (1 + P )

Vi (Ts= )

K .
.K.T

c
R (P ) = i i
=
( KP ) 2 K . .Ru .Ts

Ta c mch to ln khu t l:

Ud

R1

R3
-

R2

Ts= 2Tsi + T= 2.0,002 + 0,001 = 0,005.

Chn: Tw = 0,001. Khi ta c :
i

K=
=

= 0,6

Ui

Ui

I I m 10

chn: Ui = 6v
K =
U Wm
=

= 0,191 3000 / 9,55

Chn: U= 6v
SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
phn trc ta tnh c:
Tc = 0,015(s)
K= 0,64 R
= 1,65 ()
T = 0,048 (s)

M:
K( p ) =
Ki .K .Tc 2K.R.Ts

Thay s ta c:
0,6.0,64.0,015
K(P )
18
2.0,0191.1,65.0,005
m K( P )

R3
R1

chn R1
= R2
= 10k

Theo tiu chun mun ti u i xng mch vng iu chnh tc c hm

truyn l b iu chnh tc c hm phn t l PT.

1 + ToP

R (P ) =

K.To .P

Hm truyn h ca mch l: Fo (P).

F (P ) =

1 + ToP

R .K
.

K .K .T
P (2T'P + 1)

K.T P
oic s

T hm truyn h ta c th tm c hm truyn kn F(P) ng nht F(P)

vi hm chun ti u i xng ta tm ra tham s ca b iu chnh.
Nu chn Ts = Ts th To= 8Tos

K=

R .K

8(2T' )2
.s.

R .K
.4T'
8T'

KKT

K .K .T
s
ic

si c

4' T'

8T

R(R
P .)K=

Ki .K .Tc 1
.

+ 1)

s s

Khi tng hp h thng theo phng php ti i xng thng phi

dng thm khu to tn hiu t. trnh qu iu chnh khu to tn hiu t
ny thng c hm truyn ca khu phn lc thng thp, bc nht c hng s
thi gian lc ph thuc v gia tc cho php ca h thng.

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip
U (P )
F (P ) =
=
1 + 8Ts P

U (P )

'

8T ' .P 4 T; (1 + 2 T ' .P ) + 1 + 1
d s s s

mch vng iu chnh tc theo tiu chun ti u i xng c kt qu

v sai cp hai i vi tn hiu iu khin l v sai l cp 1 vi tn hiu nhiu.
Nh vy h trn c n nh th sai lch tc s bng khng.
Khu phn hi m tc c hm truyn:
W(P ) =
K
1 + TP

Trong h s t l K =
U

Chn U= 6v
Vy:
6
K = = 0,02

3000 / 9,55

p dng theo tiu chun ti u i xng vi hm truyn ca b iu chnh

tc c dng:

R (P ) =

1 + ToP

KT0P .

vi To = 4Tsm Ts= T+ 2 Tsi. Chn T= 0,001 (s)

vy: Ts= 0,001 +2 . 0,02 = 0,041(s)
To = 4 Ts= 4 . 0,041 = 0,164(s)

K 2Ts.R .K

Ki .K .Tc

Thay s vo biu thc trn ta c:

2.0,041.1,65.0,02
K = 0,6.0,64.0,015 = 0,47

R=
=

1 + ToP

1 + 0,164.P 0,47.0,164
theo tiu chun ti u i xng b iu chnh tc c cu trc l PI.
Vy s iu khin b iu chnh tc :

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH
Trng HBK H Ni --
-- n tt nghip

KTo

U d

RfC
-V

U R 4+

V-

Rg. C = To (III)

R3. C = KTo (IV)

T (III) Rf

To
C

chn t C = 1F
Thay s vo
0,164

R f 1.106

KTo
164000() 164(k)
T (IV) suy ra: R3 =

thay s vo ta c:

0,74.0,164

77000() 77(k)

1.106

SV Lu Vn Thng - 23 - Lp K9C- TH