1

Section A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
Answer all questions
Jawab semua soalan
1. Diagram 1 shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements P, Q and R.
The letters used are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol kimia yang mewakili tiga unsur P, Q dan R. Huruf yang
digunakan adalah bukan simbol sebenar unsur itu.

32
15

35
17

37
17

Diagram 1
Rajah 1
a) (i)

What is meant by proton number?

Apakah maksud bagi nombor proton?
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State the proton number for atom P.
Nyatakan nombor proton bagi atom P.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

b) What is represented by the number 35 for the element Q?

Apakah yang diwakili oleh nombor 35 bagi unsur Q?
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
c) (i)

Atom Q and R are isotopes. State the difference between the two atoms.
Atom Q dan R adalah isotop. Nyatakan perbezaan di antara kedua-dua atom itu.
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State one uses of isotopes in daily life.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan isotop dalam kehidupan seharian.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

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d) (i)

Write the electron arrangement of Q ion.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi ion Q.
................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Determine the number of valence electron for atom R.

Tentukan bilangan elektron valens bagi atom R.
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) Draw the electron arrangement for atom R.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom R.

[2 marks]

2. Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Element. P, Q, T, Y and Z do not represent the actual
symbol of the elements.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. P, Q, T, Y and Z tidak mewakili
simbol sebenar unsur berkenaan.
Group
Kumpulan
Period
Kala

P
T

Q
Z

Diagram 2
Rajah 2
a) Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Diagram 2, answer the following questions.
Dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf yang terdapat dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur pada Rajah 2, jawab
soalan berikut.
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(i) State the element that exists as diatomic molecule..
Nyatakan unsur yang wujud sebagai molekul dwiatom.
...
[1 mark]
(ii) Choose an element that is a noble gas.
Pilih satu unsur gas adi.
...
[1 mark]
(iii) Which element forms an amphoteric oxide?
Unsur yang manakah membentuk oksida bersifat amfoterik?
.................
[1 mark]

b)

Arrange P, Q, T, Y, and Z according to the increase in atomic size.

Susun P, Q, T, Y and Z mengikut pertambahan saiz atom.
.
[1 mark]

c)

State the number of valence electrons for an atom of element P.

Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens bagi atom unsur P.
.
[1 mark]

d)

Z is more electronegative than T. Explain why.

Z lebih elektronegatif daripada T. Jelaskan mengapa.
.
[2 marks]
e)

Write the formula for the ion formed from an atom of element Y.
Tuliskan formula bagi ion yang terbentuk daripada atom unsur Y.
.....
[1 mark]

f) (i) State the common name of the elements between group 2 and group 13.
Nyatakan nama umum unsur yang terletak di antara kumpulan 2 dan kumpulan 13.
...
[1 mark]
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(ii) State one special characteristic of the elements in the group mentioned in (f)(i)
Nyatakan satu ciri istimewa bagi unsur dalam kumpulan yang dinyatakan di (f)(i)
...
[1 mark]

Table 3 shows the electron arrangement of carbon atom, oxygen atom and sodium atom.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom karbon, atom oksigen dan atom natrium.

N
a

Carbon atom
Atom karbon

Oxygen atom
Atom oksigen

Sodium atom
Atom natrium

Table 3/ Jadual 3
(a)

Write the electron arrangement for carbon atom.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom karbon.
.
[1 mark]

(b)

Carbon combines with oxygen to form a compound.

Karbon bergabung dengan oksigen untuk membentuk suatu sebatian.
(i)

What is the type of the compound formed?

Apakah jenis sebatian yang terbentuk?

[1 mark]

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(ii)

Draw the diagram of electron arrangement of this compound.

Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan elektron bagi sebatian tersebut.

[2 marks]
(iii) State one physical property of the compound.
Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian tersebut.

[1 mark]

(c)

Oxygen combines with sodium to form another compound.

Oksigen bergabung dengan natrium membentuk satu lagi sebatian.
(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction between oxygen and sodium.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara oksigen dan natrium.

[2 marks]

(ii)

The compound formed has a high melting point. Explain why.

Sebatian yang terbentuk mempunyai takat lebur yang tinggi. Terangkan mengapa.

[2 marks]

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4

Diagram 4 shows two types of cell.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan dua jenis sel.

Carbon
Karbon

Carbon
Karbon

Copper
Kuprum

Zinc
zink

Copper(II) chloride
solution 2 mol dm-3
Larutan kuprum(II)
klorida 2 mol dm-3
Cell X/ sel X

Cell Y/ sel Y
Diagram 4/ Rajah 4

(a)

State the name of cell X and cell Y.

Namakan sel X dan sel Y.
Cell X
Sel X

:
: ................................................................................................................

Cell Y
Sel Y

:
: ................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b)

Write the formulae of all anions present in copper(II) chloride solution.

Tuliskan formula bagi semua anion yang hadir dalam larutan kuprum(II) klorida.
...
[1 mark]

(c)

Based on cell X;
Berdasarkan sel X;
(i)

State the observation at electrode carbon Q.

Nyatakan pemerhatian pada elektrod karbon Q.
..
[1 mark]

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(ii)

Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at the electrode carbon Q.
Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod karbon Q.
..
[1 mark]

(iii) If copper(II) chloride solution 2 mol dm-3 is replaced by copper(II) chloride solution 0.001
mol dm-3. State the product formed at electrode carbon P.
Jika larutan kuprum(II) klorida 2 mol dm-3 diganti dengan larutan kuprum(II) klorida 0.001
mol dm-3. Nyatakan bahan yang terhasil di elektrod karbon P.
..
[1 mark]
(d)

Based on cell Y;
Berdasarkan sel Y;
(i)

Draw arrows () to show the direction of the electrons flow.

Lukiskan anak panah () untuk menujukkan arah pengaliran elektron.
[1 mark]

(5) Which electrode acts as negative terminals?

Elektrode manakah yang bertindak sebagai terminal 7ydrogen?

..
[1 mark]
(5) If the zinc S is replaced by a magnesium strip, the voltmeter reading increases. State one reason.

Jika zink S digantikan dengan pita magnesium, bacaan voltmeter meningkat. Nyatakan satu
sebab.
..
..
[1 mark]

(5) (e)Compare the intensity of blue colour of copper(II) chloride solution after a few minutes in both cells. Explain
your answer.

Bandingkan keamatan warna biru larutan kuprum(II) klorida selepas beberapa minit dalam kedua-dua
sel. Terangkan jawapan anda.
..

[2 marks]
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5. Diagram 5 shows the apparatus set up of an experiment to study the properties of hydrogen chloride in two
different solvents.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat 8ydrogen klorida dalam dua pelarut
yang berlainan.

Hydrogen chloride in
solvent P
Hidrogen klorida dalam
pelarut P
Hydrogen chloride in
solvent Q
Hidrogen klorida dalam
pelarut Q

Diagram 5/Rajah 5
(a) State the name of
Nyatakan nama bagi
(i) Solvent P : .......
Pelarut P :
(ii) Solvent Q : .....
Pelarut Q :
[2 marks]
(b) State the type of particles of hydrogen chloride in
Nyatakan jenis zarah hidrogen klorida dalam
(i)

Test tube A : .......................................................................................................................................

Tabung uji A :.

Test tube B : ........................................................................................................................................

Tabung uji B :
[2 marks]
(c) Explain the differences in observation between test tube A and test tube B.
Terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian antara tabung uji A dan tabung uji B.
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
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(d) If 10 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrogen chloride in test tube B reacts completely with magnesium ribbon,
Jika 10 cm3 hidrogen klorida 0.1 mol dm-3 dalam tabung uji B bertindak balas lengkap dengan pita
magnesium,
(i) Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction between hydrogen chloride in beaker B with
magnesium ribbon.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi mewakili tindak balas antara hidrogen klorida dalam bikar B dengan pita
magnesium.
...........................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the mass of magnesium ribbon used.
[Relative atomic mass: Mg = 24; H = 1; Cl = 35.5]
Hitung jisim magnesium yang digunakan.
[Jisim atom relatif: Mg = 24; H = 1; C = 35.5]

[3 marks]
6

(a)

Diagram 6.1 shows the formation of ammonium sulphate.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pembentukan ammonium sulfat.

Contact process
Proses Sentuh

P
Ammonium sulphate
Ammonium sulfat

Haber process
Proses Haber

Diagram 6.1 / Rajah 6.1

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(i)

State the name of substance P and substance Q.

Nyatakan nama bahan P dan bahan Q.
P : .......................
Q : .......................
[2 marks]

(ii)

State the name of catalyst used in Contact process.

Nyatakan nama bagi mangkin yang digunakan dalam Proses Sentuh.
.....................
[1 mark]

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between substance P and substance Q.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas antara bahan P dan bahan Q.
.....................
[2 marks]

(b)

Table 6.2 shows three manufactured substances in industry; A, B and C and their uses.
Jadual 6.2 menunjukkan tiga bahan buatan industri; A, B dan C serta kegunaaannya.
Manufactured
substances in industry
Bahan buatan industri

Glass
Kaca

Ceramic
Seramik

Alloy
Aloi

Uses
Kegunaan

To make glass cooking ware

Untuk membuat alatan
memasak kaca

To make space shuttle gas

turbine
Untuk membuat turbin gas
kapal angkasa

To make the aeroplanes

body
Untuk membuat badan
kapal terbang

Table 6.2 / Jadual 6.2

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(i)

Name the type of glass used in making that cooking ware.

Namakan jenis kaca yang digunakan untuk menmbuat perkakas memasak tersebut.
[1 mark]
..
(ii)

Duralumin is an alloy used in making aeroplanes body. It was used because more resistance of
corrosion compared to steel. Justify this statement
Duralumin ialah aloi yang digunakan untuk membuat badan kapal terbang. Ia digunakan kerana lebih
tahan karat berbanding keluli. Justifikasikan pernyataan ini.
..

[2 marks]
(iii)

Explain why ceramic is used in aerospace industry.

Terangkan kenapa seramik digunakan dalam industri aeroangkasa

.
.
[2 marks]

Section B
[ 20 marks ]
Answer any one question.
Jawab mana-mana satu soalan.
7

Diagram 7.1 and 7.2 show the electron arrangement for atoms of the element R from
Group 1 and element P from Group 18 respectively in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Rajah 7.1 dan 7.2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur R dari Kumpulan 1
dan unsur P dari Kumpulan 18 dalam Jadual Berkalan Unsur.

Diagram 7.1/Rajah 7.1

Diagram 7.2/Rajah 7.2

(a) Based on Diagram 7.1

Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1
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(i) Write the electron arrangement for the atom of the element R and name element R.
Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom unsur R dan namakan unsur R .
[2 marks]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between element R and water.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara unsur R dengan air.
[2 marks]
(iii) Compare the reactivity of element R and P. Explain your answer based on their
valence electron respectively.
Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur R dan P. Terangkan jawapan anda berdasarkan
elektron valens masing-masing.
[6 marks]
(iv) Element R is kept in paraffin oil. Explain why.
Unsur R disimpan di dalam minyak paraffin. Terangkan kenapa.
[2 marks]

(c) Diagram 7.3 shows the apparatus set up to determine the empirical formula of powdered
copper (II) oxide.
Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi serbuk
kuprum(II)
oksida

Combustion tube

Copper (II) oxide

Tabung pembakaran

Kuprum(II) oksida

Hydrogen flame
Nyalaan hidrogen

Dry hydrogen gas

Gas hidrogen kering

Heat

Asbestos paper
Kertas asbestos

Panaskan

Diagram 7.3/Rajah 7.3

(i) ) State two precautions that must be taken in this experiment.
Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga yang perlu diambil di dalam eksperimen ini.
[2 marks]

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Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper

Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos

Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + copper(II) oxide

Jisim tiub pembakaran
+ kertas asbestos + kuprum(II)
oksida

Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + copper

Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos + kuprum

58.36 g

91.96 g

85.24 g

Table 7.4/Jadual 7.4

[ Relative atomic mass / Jisim atom relatif : O = 16 ; Cu = 64 ]
(ii) Based on Table 7.4, determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide.
Berdasarkan Jadual 7.4 , tentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum(II) oksida
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between copper (II)oxide and hydrogen
gas.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara kuprum(II) oksida dengan gas
hidrogen.
[6 marks]

(a)

Diagram below shows a chart of optimum pH value of soil in order to get a healthy
growth of plants.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan carta nilai pH optima bagi tanih dalam usaha untuk
mendapatkan pertumbuhan yang subur bagi tanaman.

Diagram 8/Rajah 8

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Mr. Rama wants to plant corn. He identified that the soil in his farm has the pH value
of 5.0. Suggest how Mr. Rama can overcome the soil problem and can get a healthy
growth of corn.
Encik Rama ingin menanam jagung. Dia mendapati tanih di kebunnya mempunyai
nilai pH 5.0. Cadangkan bagaimana Encik Rama dapat mengatasi masalah tanih
tersebut dan mendapat pertumbuhan jagung yang subur.
[4 marks]
(b)

Table 8 show the concentration and pH value of two types of acids.

Jadual 8 menunjukkan kepekatan dan nilai pH dua jenis asid.
Type of acid
Jenis asid

Concentration
Kepekatan

pH value
Nilai pH

Ethanoic acid

0.1 mol dm-3

4.5

Hydrochloric acid

0.1 mol dm-3

1.0

Sulphuric acid

0.1 mol dm-3

0.96

Table 8/ Jadual 8
The pH values of these three acids are different but the concentration are the same.
Explain why .
Nilai pH bagi kedua-dua asid adalah berbeza tetapi mempunyai kepekatan yang
sama.
Terangkan mengapa .
[ 6 marks]

(c)

A pupil carried out an experiment by using titration method between 0.1 mol dm-3
sulphuric acid with 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution. Methyl
orange is used as the indicator in the neutralization reaction.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen menggunakan kaedah pentitratan
antara 0.1 mol dm-3 acid sulfurik dengan 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 kalium hydroxida
.Metil oren digunakan sebagai penunjuk dalam tindak balas peneutralan itu.
Based on the statements above, answer the following questions
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

Write the chemical equation of the reaction.

Calculate the volume of sulphuric acid used.
State the colour changes of methyl orange when it reach end point.
If the experiment is repeated by using nitric acid, predict the volume of acid
used. Explain why.

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Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas,jawab soalan-soalan berikut
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas ini.

Hitung isipadu asid sulfurik yang digunakan.
Nyatakan perubahan warna metil oren apabila ia mencapai takat akhir.
Sekiranya, eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan asid nitrik ramalkan
isipadu asid yang diperlukan.Terangkan mengapa.
[10 marks]

Section C
Bahagian C
[20 marks]
[20 markah]
Answer any one question from this section.
Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.
9. Diagram 9.1 shows the atomic structure of three elements X, Y and Z.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi tiga unsur X, Y dan Z

a)

Based on Diagram 9.1, two types of compounds can be formed.

Explain the differences between the two compounds formed in terms of

Berdasarkan Rajah 9.1, dua jenis sebatian boleh terbentuk.

Terangkan perbezaan di antara dua sebatian tersebut dari segi
jenis ikatan kimia yang terbentuk, dan
takat lebur dan takat didihnya.

b)

[4 marks]
Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed between X and Y, and explain the
formation of the compound.
Lukiskan susunan elektron untuk pembentukan sebatian di antara X dan Y, dan terangkan
pembentukan sebatian tersebut.
[6 marks]

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c)

10

You are given two samples of chemical substances, P and Q.

Both of them are white solids. P is a covalent compound and Q is an ionic compound.
Describe a laboratory experiment to investigate the electrical conductivity of P and Q. Include the
observations in your answer.
Suggest a suitable example for each substance P and substance Q.
Anda diberi dua sampel bahan kimia, P dan Q.
Kedua-duanya berwarna putih.P adalah sebatian kovalen dan Q adalah sebatian ion.
Huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji kekonduksian arus elektrik sebatian P dan Q.
Sertakan pemerhatian yang diperolehi dalam jawapan anda.
Cadangkan satu contoh yang sesuai bagi setiap bahan P dan bahan Q .
[10 marks]
(a)

Diagram 10.1 shows the apparatus set-up and observations for experiments I
using 1.0 mol dm-3 aqueous solution of compound XSO4 and experiment II using 0.0001 mol
dm-3 aqueous solution of compound XY2.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan susunan radas dan pemerhatian bagi eksperimen I menggunakan
larutan akueus sebatian XSO4 1.0 mol dm-3 dan eksperimen II menggunakan larutan akueus
sebatian XY2 0.0001 mol dm-3.
Experiment
Eksperimen

Apparatus set-up
Susunan radas

Observation
Pemerhatian
Cathode:
Brown solid deposited
Katod:
Enapan pepejal perang

Anode:
A colourless gas is
produced.
Anod:
Gas tak berwarna
dihasilkan.
Cathode:
Brown solid deposited
Katod:
Enapan pepejal perang
Anode:
A colourless gas is
produced.

II

Anod:
Gas tak berwarna
dihasilkan.

Diagram 10.1/Rajah 10.1

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(i)

In both experiment I and experiment II, the product formed at cathode is the same.
Using your knowledge of factors affecting the selective discharge of ions at the
electrodes,

suggest one possible cation for X2+ ion

write the half equation for the reaction at the cathode
state the name of the product at cathode

Dalam kedua-dua eksperimen I dan eksperimen II, hasil yang terbentuk di katod
adalah sama. Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan anda tentang faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi pemilihan ion untuk dinyahcas di elektrod,

(ii)

cadangkan satu kation yang mungkin bagi ion X2+

Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di katod
Nyatakan nama bagi hasil tindak balas di katod.
[4 marks]

Name the product formed at anode in experiment I.

Describe a confirmatory test to identify the gas produced.
Namakan hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk di anod dalam eksperimen I. Huraikan
satu ujian pengesahan untuk mengenal pasti gas yang terhasil.
[3 marks]

(iii)

Suggest one possible anion for Y- ion in experiment II.

Name the product at the anode and explain the formation of the product in the
experiment.
Cadangkan satu anion yang mungkin bagi ion Y dalam eksperimen II.
Namakan hasil tindak balas di anod dan terangkan pembentukan hasil tindak balas
dalam eksperimen ini.
[6 marks]

(b)

An experiment is carried out to construct the electrochemical series of metals

P, Q, R, and S.
Diagram 9.2 shows the results of the experiment.
Suatu eksperimen dijalankan untuk membina siri elektrokimia bagi logam P, Q, R dan
S.
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan keputusan bagi ekperimen tersebut.

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Pair of metals
Pasangan logam
P and Q
P dan Q
Q and S
Q dan S
R and S
R dan S

Potential difference (V)

Beza keupayaan (V)

Negative terminal
Terminal negatif

1.6

2.0

0.8

Diagram 10.2/Rajah 10.2

(i)

Based on the results in Diagram 10.2, arrange the metals in order of increasing
electropositivity.
Berdasarkan kepada keputusan dalam Jadual 10.2, susun logam-logam tersebut
mengikut turutan menaik keelektropositifannya.
[1 mark]

(ii)

Describe how one experiment is carried out to obtain the results above.
Include a labelled diagram in your answer.
Huraikan bagaimana satu eksperimen dapat dijalankan untuk memperolehi
keputusan di atas.
Sertakan gambar rajah berlabel dalam jawapan anda.
[6 marks]

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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