Bone Structure

Modeling
Trabecular bone structure modeling
-Akshay Ranjan(12074)
-Kuldeep Sharma(12366)

Motivation
The assessment of the mechanical properties of bone is essential in the
determination of the fracture in osteoporotic patients.

Analysis of a trabecular bone is much difficult than that of a cortical bone

because of the anisotropic nature of the trabecular bone.

This poses difficulties in the modeling and analysis of the trabecular bone.

Objectives
How to model a trabecular bone structure for the FEM stress analysis.
Linear versus Non-Linear FE models.
Fig: 1 and 2

Modeling of the bone

Modeling is often done as a series of contours obtained from CT scans of
specimens.

The 3-d geometry is reconstructed by stacking the contours of adjacent

images.

Generally, the pixels of the CT images are changed to hexahedral or cubic

finite elements.

Determination of mechanical properties

The mechanical properties of a trabecular bone are governed by 3 factors :
Apparent density(or magnitude of the porosity).

The trabecular structure.

Material properties of the tissue in the individual trabeculae.

A linear relationship exists between the digital CT scan data and apparent
density of the bone.
Empirical equation of Carter and Hayes.
E : elastic modulus , : Strain rate.
: Apparent density.

Non-linear versus Linear FE Analysis

The convergence behavior for prediction of yield stress and elastic modulus
were qualitatively similar for both the methods.

However, nonlinear FE techniques improved predictions of strength for the

low volume fraction.

The disadvantage of performing non-linear analysis is that they have high

computational cost compared to linear methods.

References
For image 1: http://www.hughston.com/
Bevill, Grant, and Tony M. Keaveny. "Trabecular bone strength
predictions using nite element analysis of micro-scale images at limited
spatial resolution." Bone 44.4 (2009): 579-584.

Nareliya, Raji, and Veerendra Kumar. "Biomechanical analysis of human

femur bone." Int J Eng Sci Technol 3.4 (2011): 3090-3094.

http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/pqdtopen/doc/900864489.html?FMT=AI.

Thank You !