GXD - VN Tuyen Tap BT Thuc Hanh DutoanGXD 5.10.2014

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.
vn
S 2A Ng 55 Nguyn Ngc Ni Thanh Xun H Ni
D ton GXD D thu GXD Thanh quyt ton GXD Qun l cht lng GXD
Lin h t mua cc phn mm GXD bn quyn, Hotline: 0975.381.900 0904.302.975
Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

MC LC
MC LC .................................................................................................................................................... 2
LI NI U ............................................................................................................................................ 5
CCH S DNG TI LIU ..................................................................................................................... 6
CHNG 1. BI TP THC HNH O BC KHI LNG, LP D TON ......................... 7
I. BI TP 1: KHI LNG D TON MNG BNG ................................................................................................ 7
1. Yu cu..................................................................................................................................................................7
2. Thc hin ..............................................................................................................................................................7
2.1. Nghin cu bn v ........................................................................................................................................7
2.2. Phn tch khi lng.....................................................................................................................................8
2.3. Bc s liu tnh khi lng ...........................................................................................................................8
2.4. S dng phn mm D ton GXD lp d ton ........................................................................................8
3. Xem Video hng dn ........................................................................................................................................20
II. BI TP 2: O BC KHI LNG, LP D TON H MNG N .................................................................... 21
1. Yu cu................................................................................................................................................................21
2. Thc hin ............................................................................................................................................................23
2.1. Nghin cu bn v ......................................................................................................................................23
2.2. Phn tch khi lng...................................................................................................................................23
2.3. Bc s liu tnh khi lng .........................................................................................................................23
2.4. S dng phn mm D ton GXD lp d ton ......................................................................................23
2.5. Xem Video hng dn ................................................................................................................................34
III. BI TP 3: O BC TIN LNG, LP D TON KHI TNG ....................................................................... 35
1. Yu cu................................................................................................................................................................35
2. Thc hin ............................................................................................................................................................36
2.1. Nghin cu bn v ......................................................................................................................................36
2.2. Phn tch khi lng...................................................................................................................................36
3. Xem Video hng dn ........................................................................................................................................46
IV. BI TP 4: KHI LNG D TON DM BTCT................................................................................................ 47
1. Yu cu................................................................................................................................................................47
2. Thc hin ............................................................................................................................................................48
2.1. Nghin cu bn v ......................................................................................................................................48
2.2. Phn tch khi lng...................................................................................................................................48
V. BI TP 5: KHI LNG D TON TM AN .................................................................................................. 60
1. Yu cu................................................................................................................................................................60
2. Thc hin ............................................................................................................................................................60
2.1. Nghin cu bn v ......................................................................................................................................60
2.2. Phn tch khi lng...................................................................................................................................60

VI. BI TP 6: KHI LNG D TON RNH THOT NC ................................................................................ 74
1. Yu cu ...............................................................................................................................................................74
2. Thc hin............................................................................................................................................................74
2.1. Nghin cu bn v ......................................................................................................................................74
2.2. Phn tch khi lng...................................................................................................................................74
VII. BI TP 7: D TON CHI PH PHN THIT B ................................................................................................. 87
1. Yu cu................................................................................................................................................................87
2. Thc hin ............................................................................................................................................................87
2.1. Phn tch bi ..........................................................................................................................................87
2.2. Phn tch v bc s liu tnh khi lng .....................................................................................................87
VIII. BI TP 8: KHI LNG D TON NN MT NG ................................................................................. 99
1. Yu cu................................................................................................................................................................99
2. Thc hin ......................................................................................................................................................... 100
2.1. Nghin cu bn v ................................................................................................................................... 100
2.2. Phn tch khi lng................................................................................................................................ 100
2.3. Bc s liu tnh khi lng ...................................................................................................................... 100
2.4. S dng phn mm D ton GXD lp d ton ................................................................................... 101
IX. BI TP 9: KHI LNG D TON O RNH T NG NG................................................................ 113
1. Yu cu............................................................................................................................................................. 113
2. Thc hin ......................................................................................................................................................... 113
2.1. Nghin cu bn v ................................................................................................................................... 113
2.2. Phn tch khi lng................................................................................................................................ 114
2.3. Bc s liu tnh khi lng ...................................................................................................................... 114
2.4. Thc hnh trn phn mm D ton GXD ................................................................................................ 115
CHNG 2. BI TP TNG HP T THC HNH................................................................. 127

I. LP D TON S DNG N GI A PHNG............................................................................................ 127
1. Bi 1: ................................................................................................................................................................ 127
2. Bi 2: ................................................................................................................................................................ 132
3. Bi 3: ................................................................................................................................................................ 133
4. Bi 4: ................................................................................................................................................................ 134
5. Bi 5 ................................................................................................................................................................. 134
6. Bi 6: ................................................................................................................................................................ 135
II. LP D TON THEO N GI CNG TRNH ................................................................................................... 135
1. Bi 1: ................................................................................................................................................................ 137
2. Bi 2: ................................................................................................................................................................ 139
CHNG 3. MT S TNH HUNG HI P ............................................................................ 141


1. Cu hi 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 141
1.1. Mt s kin thc hnh hc c bn ........................................................................................................... 141
1.2. Mt s kin thc i s ........................................................................................................................... 143
1.3. Mt s kin thc khc ............................................................................................................................. 145
2. Cu hi 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 145
3. Cu hi 3 .......................................................................................................................................................... 147
4. Cu hi 4 .......................................................................................................................................................... 147
4.1. Vn dng.................................................................................................................................................. 147
4.2. c tnh (trong phn mm D ton GXD g TT) ..................................................................................... 148
4.3. S dng s liu t cng trnh tng t ................................................................................................... 148
4.4. Lp nh mc mi p dng cho cng trnh......................................................................................... 148
5. Cu hi 5 .......................................................................................................................................................... 148
6. Cu hi 6 .......................................................................................................................................................... 149
7. Cu hi 7 .......................................................................................................................................................... 152
8. Cu hi 8 .......................................................................................................................................................... 154
9. Cu hi 9 .......................................................................................................................................................... 155
10. Cu hi 10 ...................................................................................................................................................... 158
11. Cu hi 11 ...................................................................................................................................................... 159
TI LIU THAM KHO ..................................................................................................................... 160

CC BN TM C ............................................................................................................................. 161
LI NHN............................................................................................................................................. 162

LI NI U
D ton GXD l phn mm d ton tt nht hin nay, vi h thng gio trnh,
ti liu hng dn phong ph v i ng chuyn mn l cc k s gii c chuyn
ngnh Kinh t xy dng. Lm hay l mt chuyn, din t cho ngi khc hiu
c ci hay li l chuyn khc., hiu c iu ny, chng ti n lc dnh thi
gian bin son cc bi tp n gin cc bn quan tm c th thc hnh theo.
Vi ni dung trnh by ngn gn, thc t, ng trng tm vi nhiu ni dung
c truyn ti s gip bn c nm c nhiu kin thc chuyn mn, k nng,
cch thao tc trn phn mm Vi mi bi tp, ngoi cc thao tc tng t nhau,
chng ti li c cc on m t, gii thch thm v chuyn mn khc vi cc bi khc
bn c nhm chn v hp th dn thm cc kin thc.
Mt s ni dung trong ti liu ny tng c s dng ging dy ti lp
o bc khi lng v lp d ton do Gi Xy dng t chc c cc Hc vin,
Ging vin tham gia nh gi l c bn, d hiu v rt ph hp vi ngi mi tip
xc vi d ton (hin ti cc bi tp trong gio trnh ti kha hc c i mi,
thay th v hay hn na).
Gio trnh ny c th c dng lm ti liu cho cn b cc Trung tm thm
nh tham kho thc hin thm nh, thm tra d ton theo quy nh hin hnh.
Lm ti liu hc ngh v tham kho cho sinh vin, ging vin ti cc trng cao
ng, i hc, ng nghip chuyn ngnh kinh t xy dng. y cng l ti liu hu
ch cho cc bn lm cc Cng ty T vn thit k, ban Qun l d n, Nh thu xy
dng, ngi lm cng vic k ton xy dng v bn c quan tm n lnh vc lp v
qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh.
Chng ti xin cm n cc kin ng gp cho phn mm D toan GXD, cng
nh v chuyn mn ca cc hc vin, ging vin, bn b ng nghip trn c nc.
Rt mong nhn c thm nhiu kin phn hi cc ti liu, gio trnh pht hnh
ln sau c hon thin v y hn.
Cc tc gi!

CCH S DNG TI LIU

c c th lm vic tt, cc k nng iu luyn, lm c vic, kim c
nhiu tin, tr nn giu c, c sp qu mn, anh/em ng nghip n trng th
bn phi i sang t duy U T. Bn thy , nhng ngi giu c hin nay u
bit u t ti chnh, chng khon, u t cc d n, xy dng cc cng trnh. Khng
th gi t duy tiu nng, t cung t cp. Bn phi i sang t duy u t: u t
cng sc, u t thi gian, u t c tin bc
Bn nn s dng ti liu ny theo cch ngh u t cho cuc i mnh nh sau:
- In ti liu ny ra. u t cho ngh nghip cuc i ng ngi tn mt cht tin
in, giy in.
- Lin h Cng ty Gi Xy Dng u t 1 bn quyn phn mm ch 300.000/1
nm s dng, tha thi gian cho bn thnh tho.
- u t thi gian c k, nghin cu cch thc hin cc yu cu trong bi tp.
- u t cng sc, kin tr nghin cu, thc hnh cm nhn cng vic trn
tng ngn tay. Luyn tr thnh chuyn gia
Trc khi dng li, chng ti xin gi ti bn 2 li khuyn v U T ca 2
nh t ph giu nht nh th gii chc bn c bit.
T ph Bill Gates: iu quan trng nht m ti mun nhn gi cc bn l phi
u t vo vic hc tp ca mnh. Nhng vic lm l th, em li nhiu tin, gip ci
thin th gii, ci thin cuc sng ca cc bn... u i hi rt nhiu t vic hc
tp..
T ph Warren Buffett:u t mnh m nht l u t cho chnh mnh. Khi
xc nh c ng i cho mnh, bn nn c tt c mi th c th ri vo tay mnh
v khng ngng hc hi t nhng ngi xung quanh bn.
Chc bn thnh cng thnh cng hn.
Cc tc gi!

CHNG 1. BI TP THC HNH O BC KHI LNG,

LP D TON
I. BI TP 1: KHI LNG D TON MNG BNG
1. Yu cu
Tnh tin lng v lp d ton cho cc cng vic: o t bng th cng t cp
III, thnh thng ng v b tng gch v mc 50 lt mng ca h thng mng c mt
bng v mt ct nh hnh sau:
M2
M1
2. Thc hin
2.1. Nghin cu bn v
bi yu cu tnh tin lng o t v b tng lt. Mt bng v mt ct u
dng d dng chia thnh cc hnh khi n gin.

2.2. Phn tch khi lng
Mng c chia thnh 2 loi: 2 mng M2 chy ht chiu ngang, 4 mng M1.
Phn giao nhau tnh vo mng M2.
Vi mt bng v mt ct mng ta c: chiu su o t v chiu dy b tng lt
c ly t mt ct. xc nh khi lng ta xc nh din tch trn mt bng hoc
xc nh chiu di, chiu rng ca mng.
2.3. Bc s liu tnh khi lng
C t nht 3 cch tnh khi lng, y nu 1 cch thc hin nhanh nht, d
hiu nht:
- Khi lng o t:
Mng M1: 4*(6-2*0,6)*0,8*0,9
Mng M2: 2*11,4*0,6*0,9
- Khi lng b tng lt: S liu tng t khi lng o t ch thay chiu su
o bng chiu dy b tng lt.
Mng M1: 4*(6-2*0,6)*0,8*0,2
Mng M2: 2*11,4*0,6*0,2
2.4. S dng phn mm D ton GXD lp d ton
2.4.1. Bc 1: M phn mm D ton GXD
Cch 1: Kch p biu tng Du toan GXD trn mn hnh Desktop
Cch 2: Vo menu Start ca Windows sau chn All programs / Du toan

GXD
Cch 3: Vo th mc C:\Du toan GXD kch p vo file DutoanGXD.exe
Sau khi chy th phn mm c giao din nh sau:

Hnh 1.1 Giao din phn mm nhn c

2.4.2. Bc 2: Nhp cc thng tin ban u v cng trnh
Nhp thng tin Cng trnh, hng mc, ch u t v a im thi cng:
Hnh 1.2 Thng tin chung v cng trnh

Nhp cc h s, nh mc t l:
Cc h s: Cc h s ny ta gi nguynl 1 v s dng phng php lp d
ton s dng n gi a phng b trc tip.
nh mc t l: Da trn phn loi cng trnh tra cc nh mc t l Chi
ph trc tip khc, Chi ph chung, Thu nhp chu thu tnh trc theo bng 3.7 v 3.8
ca Thng t s 04/2010/TT-BXD cho ph hp.
Thu sut thu GTGT:Theo Thng t hng dn ca B Ti chnh ti thi
im hin hnh.
T l chi ph xy dng nh tm ti hin trng v iu hnh thi cng 1%
i vi cc cng trnh thng thng, 2% i vi cc cng trnh theo tuyn.

Hnh 1.3 Cc h s nh mc t l
2.4.3. Bc 3: Lu file nh dng *.xlsm hoc .xls
Cc bn lu file d ton vi ui dng file.xlsm hoc lu file.xls th y l file
thng dng ca Excel. Khng lu loi .xlsx, .xlsb s b li hm khi lng v c s
thnh ch.
Hnh 1.4 Lu file d ton

2.4.4. Bc 4: Chn C s d liu
Cch 1: H s/Chn c s d liu
10

Hnh 1.5 Lnh Chn c s d liu

Cch 2: Dng t hp phm Ctrl+Shif+D
Hp thoi Chn c s d liu hin ra, ta chn d liu csvca a phng ni m
cng trnh ta ang lp d ton c xy dng, ri nhn Kt thc. Trong bi ny do
cng trnh c a im thi cng ti H Ni nn ta chn d liu hin hnh ca H Ni
2011 (ti thi im hin ti d liu H Ni 2011 ang hin hnh).
Hnh 1.6 Chn c s d liu

2.4.5. Bc 5: Tra m, nhp s liu tnh khi lng cc cng tc
bng D ton chi ph xy dng (sheet Dutoan XD), ta nhp t kha vo
thuc ct m hiu n gi.
Vi cng tc o t ta c th nhp cc t kha: o+mng+III.
11

Hnh 1.7 Hng dn tra m

Hp Tm kim m hiu hin ra, ta tm v chn m hiu ph hp vi quy cch
cng vic. y ta chn m hiu: AB.11313
Hnh 1.8 Hp thoi chn m hiu

Kt qu nhn c nh sau:
Hnh 1.9 M hiu, ni dung cng tc th nht
12

Bn nhp khi lng cho cng tc ny nh hnh sau:
Hnh 1.10 Nhp khi lng tnh ton cng tc th nht

Lm tng t vi cng vic b tng gch v lt mng, ta chn c m hiu l
AF.15512 v tin hnh nhp khi lng, kt qu nhn c nh sau:
Hnh 1.11 Bng d ton chi ph xy dng

2.4.6. Bc 6: Chn phng php lp d ton
Khi trc tip lp d ton, ging dy lp d ton v lp trnh phn mm D ton
GXD cc tc gi thy rng c nhng thao tc bm lnh lp i lp vi 4 tnh hung s
liu v yu cu ca ngi s dng. Do trong D ton GXD lp ra mt thut ton
nh sn hng i cho 4 tnh hung , ty vo: Thng tin, s liu c trong tay;
yu cu, thi quen ca ngi s dng m bn chn 1 trong 4 thut ton nh sn
( y ta gi l phng php, khc vi cc phng php lp d ton).
Chn phng php lp d ton bng thao tc bm: H s/Cc ty chn
13

Hnh 1.12 Lnh thc hin cc ty chn

Hp ty chn hin ra ta chn 1 trong 4n gi lp d ton, chn xong ta kch
chut vo "ng ". Theo yu cu ca bi ta chn, phng php dng n gi a
phng (csv H Ni 2011) B chnh lch trc tip vt liu, nhn cng, my.
Hnh 1.13 Chn phng php lp d ton

2.4.7. Bc 7: Chit tnh n gi v phn tch vt t cc cng tc
Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 1. Chit tnh n gi/ 1. Bng chit tnh n gi
Trong D ton GXD bng chit tnh n gi nm cng vi bng phn tch vt t
nn chy 1 lnh ny c c 2 bng. Sa nh mc cng thay i tng ng c 2.
14

Hnh 1.14 Lnh chit tnh n gi

Lc ny sheet Don gia XDs nh di y (trong hnh chp cng tc s 2):
Hnh 1.15 Bng chit tnh n gi cng tc th 2

2.4.8. Bc 8: Tng hp v tnh chnh lch vt t
Tng hp: Gom tt c cc loi vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng nm ri rc
trong cc nh mc ti bng n gi chi tit vo mt bng. Sau khi tng hp xong ta
c danh mc vt t v khi lng vt t cn s dng hon thnh khi lng cc
cng vic trong bng d ton.
Chnh lch: Khi c danh mc v khi lng vt t cn s dng ta c th thc
hin b/tr chnh lch gi vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng.
15

Lnh thc hin: Chi ph xy dng/ 2. Tng hp v chnh lch vt t
Hnh 1.16 Lnh tng hp v chnh lch vt t
Kt qu thu c ti sau khi Tng hp vt t:
Hnh 1.17 Bng tng hp v chnh lch vt t
Tnh chnh lch gi vt liu:

Ta nhp gi vt liu vo ct "GI VT T TI THI IM LP D
TON". y ly theo gi cng b mi nht ca H Ni, nu khng c ta c th ly
theo gi tham kho trn th trng ti thi im lp d ton.
Stt
Tn vt liu
n v
n gi
Ct vng
192.800
Gch v
65.000
Nc
lt
Xi mng PC30
kg
1.009
Sau khi b gi vt liu ta c bng:
16

Hnh 1.18 - B gi vt liu
B/tr chnh lch gi nhn cng:

Do cc cng tc trong bi ny lm th cng, khng c my thi cng nn ta
khng cn tnh ton phn gi ca my, tnh c gi nhn cng, my ti thi im
lp d ton ta cn xut d liu cho bng gi nhn cng (sheet Nhan cong).
B gi nhn cng ph thuc vo cc thng s nhp trong sheet Ts theo cc
ch chnh sch v cc vn bn v ch tin lng ti thi im lp d ton.
Lng ti thiu chung (LTTC): Trong bi ny ta gi thit tnh theo Ngh nh
s 31/2012/N-CP ngy 12/04/2012 ca Chnh ph quy nh mc lng ti thiu
chung. Thc t bn cp nht theo quy nh ti thi im bn lp d ton.
Lng ti thiu vng (LTTV): Ta gi thit tnh theo Ngh nh s
70/2011/N-CP ngy 22/08/2011 ca Chnh ph quy nh mc lng ti thiu vng.
Trng hp ti cc a phng c hng dn hoc Ch u t c yu cu tnh
theo mt mc Lng ti thiu vng hoc Lng c s th ta nhp cng gi tr lng
vo 2 LTTC v LTTV l cc cng thc s tnh theo cng gi tr.
Cc loi ph cp cc bn nhp theo Phn thuyt minh ca B n gi xy
dng cng trnh do cc a phng ban hnh.
Chuyn sang sheet Ts, nhp cc thng s nh hnh sau:
17

Hnh 1.20 Cc thng s v tin lng, ph cp

Sau khi nhp cc thng s u vo, ta thc hin lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 4. Tnh
gi nhn cng/ 1. Bng gi nhn cng
Hnh 1.19 Tnh bng gi nhn cng

Kt qu nhn c nh sau:
18

2.4.9. Bc 9: Kim tra kt qu v link kt ni

Cc bn , sau khi nhp cc thng s v tin lng th gi nhn cng c
tnh sheet Nhn cng XD. Cc gi tr ny s c link sang bng Tng hp v
Chnh lch vt t xy dng nh hnh sau:
Hnh 1.21 Gi vt liu, nhn cng ti thi im lp d ton

Nh vy gi tr d ton chi ph thi cng mng bng vi hai u vic theo yu
cu ca bi c gi tr l: 11.897.000 ng.
Ta c th kim tra lin kt mt bng cch kch vo v nhn t hp
phm Ctrl+[, quay tr v kim tra link ca tip theo ta nhn F5 +Enter.
19

Hnh 1.22 Bng tng hp d ton chi ph xy dng

2.4.10. Bc 10: Sp xp, cn chnh v in h s d ton
Trong qu trnh lp d ton c th bn ko th cc sheet ti cc v tr khc nhau,
khi in h s bn nn ko th cc sheet v sp xp theo trnh t c in ra. Bn c th
group cc sheet bng cch chn sheet u ri gi phm Shift kch chn sheet cui, ri
bm lnh in, h s in ra s c s trang lin hon.
3. Xem Video hng dn
Bn tham kho video bng cch kch vo link hoc nhp link vo trnh duyt
ca bn: http://youtube.com/watch?v=XxW7TlhRUGk
20

Ks Trnh Th Quyt, Cng ty CP XD v T H Ni, Cng ty CP t

vn thit k v u t xy dng H Thnh:
Khi lp d ton, lp gi thu quan trng nht l d liu. Em s
dng nhiu phn mm d ton. Em nh gi D ton GXD v cc
phn mm GXD c d liu chun xc nht. Em nhiu ln dng
D ton GXD lp gi v khi bo v kt qu lun ginh chin
thng.
D liu th nhiu v khng trnh khi nhng sai st, iu em thy
hay l GXD thng xuyn cp nht d liu mi v r sot chnh
cc cc d liu c, y l iu khng phn mm no lm c.
II. BI TP 2: O BC KHI LNG, LP D TON H MNG N

1. Yu cu
S dng phn mm D ton GXD tnh tin lng v lp d ton cho cc
cng tc sau: o t bng th cng, t cp II; b tng lt mng; vn khun; ct
thp; b tng mng ( bng th cng, b tng 1x2, mc 200) ca cc mng n
M1 c mt bng v mt ct nh bn v.Bit cng trnh c xy dng ti Qun 1 Tp H Ch Minh.
21

22

2. Thc hin
2.1. Nghin cu bn v
bi yu cu tnh tin lng thi cng mng n di ct. Bn v gm mt
bng mng v mt ct (mt ng) mng. S liu y , r rng. bc c s liu
tnh ton khi lng cc cng vic, cn phn chia khi mng ra thnh cc khi hnh
c bn c th p dng c cc cng thc tnh ton.
tnh khi lng t o ta tng tng h mng nu o thng ng s l
khi hnh hp ch nht, nu o taluy s l khi hnh chp ct.
Hnh khi tnh b tng lt l hnh hp ch nht. B tng lt thng khng
tnh vn khun.
tnh khi lng vn khun, b tng mng ta chia mng thnh 3 khi hnh c
bn: mng l hnh hp ch nht, phn vt mng l hnh chp ct (phn vt thng
khng ng vn khun, khi thi cng ngi ta ng b tng gia v hon thin
mt vt), phn c mng (ni chn ct) l khi hnh hp ch nht.
- Khi lng o t:
Mng M1: 8*1,2*1,2*(1,12-0,3)*1,2 (1,2 l h s taluy)
- Khi lng b tng lt: S liu tng t khi lng o t ch thay chiu su
o bng chiu dy b tng lt: 8*1,2*1,2*0,1
- Khi lng vn khun:
Vn khun mng: 8*4*1*0,2
Vn khun c mng: 8*4*0,67*0,22
- B tng mng:
mng: 8*1*1*0,2
Phn vt (p dng cng thc hnh chp ct):
8*0,15/6*[1*1+(1+0,32)*(1+0,32) +0,32*0,32]
C mng: 8*0,22*0,22*0,67
2.4.1. Bc 1: M phn mm D ton GXD, chn c s d liu, lu file
Vic m phn mm, to 1 h s d ton mi, lu file d ton thc hin tng t
nh bi trc. a im thi cng cng trnh ti Tp H Ch Minh, nn ta chn c s
d liu Hochiminh2006 (mi khi thnh ph c cng b d liu mi th GXD s cp
nht, bn ch vic ti file c cp nht v chn chy d ton).
23

Hnh 2.1 Hp thoi chn c s d liu

Mc I: THNG TIN CHUNG
Hnh 2.2 Cc thng tin chung v cng trnh

Mc II: CC H S, NH MC T L
- Cc h s vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng ly theo vn bn hng dn iu
chnh d ton ca a phng ni thi cng cng trnh. Nu a phng khng c vn
bn hng dn iu chnh th phi dng phng php b tr trc ti.Bi ny ta dng
phng php b tr trc tip nn cc h s gi nguyn bng 1.
- Cc nh mc tra ti Thng t s 04/2010/TT- BXD ngy 26/05/2010 ca B
Xy dng hng dn lp v qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh.
24

Hnh 2.3 Cc h s, nh mc t l
Ti sheet Du toan XD, nhp t kha c trong tn cng vic tra m cho cc
cng tc ti ct M HIU N GI. Ta c th g t kha o+mng+II ti ct
M HIU N GI thc hin tra m cho cng tc u tin:
Hnh 2.4 Tra m cho cng tc th nht

Hp thoi chn m hiu xut hin, cc bn chn c m AB.11432 l ph hp. Kt
qu nhn c nh hnh sau:
25


Sau khi chn c m cho ph hp ta sa tn cho ph hp v nhp khi lng
cho cng tc trn vo ct KHI LNG hoc bn cng c th thc hin vic bc
tch ngay ti ct NI DUNG CNG VIC.
Trong php tnh khi lng o t c h s 1,2 l tnh n h s mi dc.ng
ra th k s thit k phi da trn bo co kho st a cht tnh nghing thi
cng ca mi dc (o taluy, o vt) v ngi lp d ton da vo xc nh
cc kch thc tnh th tch khi lng o t h mng. C th dng cng thc
tnh th tch hnh chp ct hoc chia nh h mng thnh cc khi hnh c th p dng
c cng thc tnh th tch. Tuy nhin, tnh nh vy th kh phc tp v khng cn
thit nn ngi ta thng tnh gn ng bng h s kinh nghim 1,1 hoc 1,2. Tc l
phn o taluy lm m rng phn ming h mng s tng thm 10% hoc 20% so vi
th tch o thng ng. Nu t cng v h o khng qu su th dng h s 1,1,
nu t yu hoc o su th thoi ( nghing) phi nhiu hn nn thng dng
h s 1,2.

Tng t cho cc cng tc cn li:
26

Hnh 2.7 Bng d ton chi ph xy dng cng trnh

Ta nhp s liu thng k khi lng ti sheet Thong ke thep:
Hnh 2.8 Bng thng k ct thp, cng tc th 3 v th 4

27

Thao tc: H s/ Cc ty chn/ Chung v chn n gi a phng: B tr
chnh lch trc tip, nhn cng, my.
Hnh 2.9 Chn n gi lp d ton

Hnh 2.10 Lnh chit tnh n gi

Lc ny ti sheet Don gia XD (hnh v th hin cho cng tc s 1):
28

Hnh 2.11 Bng n gi chi tit cng tc th nht

Hnh 2.12 Lnh tnh tng hp v chnh lch vt t

Kt qu thu c ti bng Tng hp v chnh lch vt t:
29


a gi vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng v thi im lp d ton bng cch
b chnh lch.
Chnh lch gi vt liu:

Tra gi vt liu theo Cng b gi vt liu Lin S mi nht ca Tp. H Ch
Minh, bo gi th trng ti thi im lp d ton ri nhp vo ct GI VT T
TI THI IM LP D TON.
Bng 2.14 Nhp gi vt liu thi im hin ti

30

Chnh lch gi nhn cng:

Dng lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 4. Tnh gi nhn cng/ 1. Bng gi nhn cng
Hnh 2.15 Lnh tnh bng gi nhn cng

Sau khi to bng gi nhn cng, phn mm cng t ng kt ni gi nhn cng
tnh c vo bng chnh lch.
Chnh lch gi ca my
C 3 lnh tnh bng gi ca my, ty vo tng a phng, s liu sn c lin
quan n gi ca my, iu chnh chi ph my thi cng m chn 1 trong 3 phng php
vic tnh ton thun li, d hiu, c cn c v d bo v kt qu.
Dng lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 5. Tnh gi ca my/ 3. iu chnh gi ca my n
gin
Hnh 2.16 Lnh tnh bng gi ca my

- Tr li sheet Ts, nhp cc s liu theo cc ch chnh sch, vn bn hng
dn hin hnh v Nhn cng, My thi cng.
31

Lng ti thiu chung (LTTC): Gi thit p dng Ngh nh 31/2012/N-CP
ngy 12/04/2012 ca Chnh ph Quy nh mc lng ti thiu chung.
Lng ti thiu vng (LTTV): Gi thit Ngh nh s 70/2011/N-CP ngy
22/08/2011ca Chnh ph Quy nh mc lng ti thiu vng.
Cc loi ph cp cc bn nhp theo Phn thuyt minh ca B n gi xy dng
cng trnh do cc a phng ban hnh.
Hnh 2.17 Cc thng s v tin lng

Gi nhin liu nhp vo tnh ton l gi cha c thu VAT thng ly theo
thng co bo ch ti trang petrolimex.com.
Trong bi ly gi bn in theo gi bnh qun1.508,85ng/kWh (cha bao gm
thu gi tr gia tng) theo Thng t s 19/2013/TT-BCT ngy 31/07/2013 ca B
Cng Thng.
Chi ph tin lng th iu khin my t ng tnh theo cng vi ch ca
nhn cng thi cng xy dng cng trnh ( nhp vo tnh nhn cng trn).
Hnh 2.18 Cc thng s v nhin liu, nng lng

2.4.7. Bc 7: Kim tra kt qu v link kt ni
tnh bng Lng nhn cng (sheet Nhan cong XD), tng t vi gi ca my. Cc
32

gi tr ny s c link sang bng Tng hp v Chnh lch vt t xy dng (sheet
TH Chenh lech XD) nh hnh sau:

Ta c gi tr d ton cho cng tc thi cng mng n ti bng Tng hp chi ph
xy dng sheet THCP xay dung
33

Hnh 2.20 Bng tng hp chi ph xy dng

Kim tra lin kt gia cc bng cch nhn t hp phm Ctrl+[ v F5 +Enter.
Bn ko th cc sheet v v tr sp xp theo trnh t s in ra ng quyn h
s. Bn nn group cc sheet bng cch chn sheet u ri gi phm Shift kch chn
sheet cui, ri bm lnh in, h s in ra s c s trang lin hon.
2.5. Xem Video hng dn
Bn tham kho Video hng dn nhp s liu thng k ct thp ti cc link:
1) http://youtu.be/d-OimMzHPEg
2) http://youtu.be/ZFKCB5bM_YU
3) http://youtu.be/mB9I7a_esn4
4) http://youtu.be/EBbiu_xkWhs
5) http://youtu.be/BafgNJwnbSo
34

K s Phan Hng Tn, tp H Ch Minh:

Phn
mm
D
ton
GXD
c
din
n
http://giaxaydung.vn, chia s kinh nghim v h tr chuyn
mn rt nhiu. Em rt thch ci . Nu phn mm c nhng
ci li nh nh, th c th vi thao tc l khc phc c.
Ch kinh nghim lm vic th khng bit o u cho ra.
Khi lp d ton, kh khn v chuyn mn khng bit hi ai,
ta c th hi ngay tc gi D ton GXD chnh l admin din
n Nguyn Th Anh.
III. BI TP 3: O BC TIN LNG, LP D TON KHI TNG

1. Yu cu
S dng phn mm D ton GXD thc hin o bc khi lng, xc nh gi
tr d ton cho bc tng dy 220 c bn v chi tit nh sau (Gi thit bc tng
thuc cng trnh c chiu cao 15m, thi cng ti Tp H Long Qung Ninh):
giaxaydung.vn
3000
1200
2400
620
600
900
6000
Ghi ch:
Ghi ch:
- Xy t- ng s dng g ch ch
c 6,5x10,5x22 cm
Xy tng
s dng gch ch 6,5x10,5x22cm, va XM mc #75.
- Tr t trong, ngoi s dng va XM #75
- Sn trong,
ngoidy
1 l p2cm,
lt, 2 l ps
phdng va xi mng #75
Trt trong,
ngoi
B tng b bng jajynic (b tng trong).
Sn trong, ngoi 1 lp lt, 2 lp ph. S dng sn Jotun
35

2. Thc hin
2.1. Nghin cu bn v
Yu cu bi l tnh tin lng khi xy. Hnh v thng tin ta tnh ton.
Khi xy tng c tnh theo n v l m3. Vi khi tng xy ny ta s tnh
din tch tng theo din tch hnh thang, tr ca khng phi xy ri nhn b dy
tng s ra th tch khi xy. Trng hp cn tnh khi lng trt trong, trt ngoi th
khng i tm kch thc li m c th tnh bng cch ly th tch khi xy chia b dy
tng.
Khi lng xy tng:
(3+2,4)*6/2*0,22
Tr ca:
1,2*0,9*0,22
0,62*0,6*0,22
Vi khi lng trt, sn, b tng ta c th s dng th tch khi xy chia cho
chiu dy l xc nh c.
2.4.1. Bc 1: M phn mm D ton GXD, chn c s d liu, lu file
Thc hin tng t nh v d 1 (bi ny chn CSDL QuangNinh2012).
Cch nhp th bn tham kho v d 1. Cc thng tin ny da trn a im xy
dng cng trnh, ch u t v phn loi cng trnh, mt bng tin lng, gi nhin
liu, nng lng tra tm thng tin, s liu v nhp vo. Thng tin ny c th nhp
ngay t bc ny hoc nhp vo cc bc sau u c.
bng D ton chi ph xy dng sheet Dutoan XD, ta nhp t kha vo
thuc ct M HIU N GI. tm m hiu cho cng tc xy tng ta nhp t
kha xy+tng+ch nh hnh v:
36

Hnh 3.1 Tra t kha cng vic

Hp thoi chn m hiu s hin ra, cc bn chn c m AE.22213.

Ta c bng D ton chi ph xy dng nh hnh sau:
37

Hnh 3.3 - M hiu, ni dung cng vic c chn

2.4.4. Bc 4: Chnh sa ni dung cng vic, nhp s liu tnh khi lng
Ta c th nhp trc tip s liu tnh khi lng ca cng vic nh sau:

Tng t cho cc cng tc cng tc cn li, kt qu thu c nh sau:
38

Hnh 3.4 M hiu, khi lng tnh ton cc cng vic

Thc hin lnh: H s/ Cc ty chn trong hp thoi Ty chn hin ra ti tab
Chung ta chn: Dng n gi a phng -> B tr chnh lch trc tip vt liu, h
s iu chnh nhn cng, my.

39

Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/1. Chit tnh n gi/1. Bng chit tnh n gi
Hnh 3.6 Thc hin chit tnh n gi cc cng tc

Kt qu nhn c nh sau:
Hnh 3.6 Bng chit tnh n gi (minh ha cng tc 1)

Thc hin cc thao tc sau:
40

+ Bng gi tr vt t: Chi ph xy dng/2. Tng hp v chnh lch vt t
Hnh 3.7 Lnh tnh bng tng hp v chnh lch

Kt qu nhn c ti bng tng hp v chnh lch nh hnh sau:
Hnh 3.8 Bng tng hp v chnh lch

Tin hnh nhp gi theo cng b gi vt liu ti thi im lp d ton. Gi vt
liu c tra theo cng b gi mi nht ca Lin s Ti Chnh Xy dng Qung
Ninh.
41

Hnh 3.9 Thc hin nhp gi vt liu

Gi nhn cng, my thi cng
Khc vi vt liu,gi nhn cng, my thi cng ta thc hin xc nh theo hng
dn theo Vn bn s 544/SXD KTXD ngy 28/3/2014 ca UBND Tnh Qung
Ninh v vic hng dn iu chnh d ton xy dng cng trnh trn a bn tnh t
ngy 1/4/2014.
Hnh 3.10 Ni dung c trch ra t Vn bn s 544/SXD - KTXD

Theo nh vn bn hng dn trn th phn gi ca my hi khc bit, h s s
dng cho gi ca my ch iu chnh phn nhn cng thuc gi ca my ch khng phi
h s iu chnh cho ton b chi ph my. Do ta x l nh sau:
Quay li sheet Ts, nhp h s cho phn nhn cng:
42


My thi cng: Theo hng dn ch iu chnh phn nhn cng nn gi nhin
liu, nng lng ta nhp ti sheet Ts hon ton bnh thng.
Ch :gi nhin liu, nng lng cha c thu VAT
Hnh 3.12 Cc thng s u vo v nhin liu, nng lng

Thc hin lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 5.Tnh gi nhn cng/ 3. iu chnh gi ca
my n gin

Bng gi ca my ti sheet Gia ca may XD:
43

Hnh 3.14 - Bng gi ca my

X l ti bng gi ca my ng theo hng dn ca Vn bn s 544/SXD
KTXD, theo nguyn tc:
Gi ca my iu chnh = Gi ca my gc + B NL, NL + B nhn cng
= Gi ca my + B NL, NL + H s x CP tin lng gc
Do , ta ch cn cho gi tr ct [14] = gi tr ct [10] x 1,47; phn nhin liu,
nng lng do ta nhp cc thng s u vo ti sheet Ts nn ct [13] phn mm
tnh chi ph nhin liu, nng lng thi im iu chnh.
Hnh 3.15 - Bng gi ca my sau khi iu chnh

2.4.8. Bc 8: Thc hin kt ni
Sau khi tnh gi ca my, ta cn a kt qu vo s dng. Trc kia ngi lp d
ton phi link bng tay, cng vic ny mt nhiu thi gian. Cho nn D ton GXD h
tr cc lnh kt ni, ch cn la chn kt ni ph hp v bm 1 lnh, gi ca my t
44

bng tnh t ni vo cc dng my trong bng tng hp v chnh lch. iu ny rt
nhanh, tin v chnh xc khi d ton c s lng ln danh mc my.
Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 8. Kt ni vi bng tng hp v chnh lch
Hp thoi kt ni hin ra cc bn thc hin kt ni nh hnh sau:
Hnh 3.16 Tch chn cc lnh kt ni

Lnh kt ni c thc hin th ti bng Tng hp chnh lch ta c kt qu
nh sau:

Cui cng ta c Bng tng hp d ton chi ph xy dng sheet THCP xy
dng, gi tr d ton xc nh c l: 13.848.000 ng.
45


2.4.9. Bc 9: Kim tra li, sp xp, cn chnh bng biu v in h s
Bn thc hin tng t nh bi 1 v 2. Cc bn nn dng lnh Print Preview
xem cc sheet trc khi in, dng lnh Set Print Area khoanh vng cn in (tm c
v cc lnh ny trong cc ti liu v Excel hoc tm kim trn Google).
3. Xem Video hng dn
Bn tham kho video ti link: http://youtube.com/watch?v=RtEMIJL1XEI
46

K s Mao Th Anh, SXD in Bin:

Phn mm GXD khng nhng nhiu ti liu m cn cht lng
nht so vi nhng phn mm khc, vote. Em sp ti lm thm
tra theo quy nh ca Ngh nh Qun l cht lng nn ang
ngi xem cc video hng dn thm tra, thm nh. Thy hay
v kh n, hng dn rt chi tit.
Ch c D ton GXD c video hng dn chuyn mn thm tra,
thm nh theo chun Vin Kinh t xy dng. Rt tt cho cc b
Thm nh d ton ti cc S, Ban, Ngnh.
Em ngh cc doanh nghip nn s dng D ton GXD tin
cho thm tra, thm nh.
IV. BI TP 4: KHI LNG D TON DM BTCT

1. Yu cu
S dng phn mm D ton GXD nhp s liu tnh khi lng v lp gi d
ton cho cng tc vn khun, b tng mc #200, dm 1x2cm ( bng bm b
tng) cho mt dm ca mt cng trnh dn dng c chiu cao 15m, cng trnh c
thi cng ti Qun Hong Mai H Ni.Gi thit tit din ct c kch thc 0,22x0,22
(m).
47

2. Thc hin
2.1. Nghin cu bn v
Yu cu bi l tnh khi lng vn khun v b tng dm. Mt ct dng
cc hnh khi n gin.
- Dm c 2 on tit din 1-1 v 2-2
- Hai tit din c im chung b rng dm l 200
- Chiu cao dm khc nhau: 550 v 350
Da trn hnh v, xc nh chiu di dm; chiu cao v chiu rng dm ly trc
tip t mt ct 1-1 v 2-2. tnh ton khi lng vn khun, ta cn xc nh din
tch cc mt s dng vn khun (bao gm 3 mt).
Khi lng b tng dm s bng th tch dm.
Lu : Phn giao gia dm v ct c tnh vo dm, dm tnh n ht mp
ngoi ct, chia dm lm 2 on l 550 v 350.
a. Khi lng vn khun dm:
- Vn khun thnh dm:
on 550: 2x(7+0,11+0,11)x0,55
on 350: 2x (1,8-0,11+0,11)x0,35
- Vn khun y dm:
on 550: (7-0,11-0,11)x0,2
on 350: (1,8-0,11-0,11)x0,2
- Hai u dm:
on 550: 0,2x0,55 + 0,2x(0,55-0,35)
on 350: 0,2x0,35
b. Khi lng b tng:
48

Vbt= SxH = 7,22x0,2x0,55 + 1,8x0,2x0,35
2.4.1. Bc 1: M phn mm D ton GXD, lu file, chn c s d liu
Cc bc m phn mm, lu file lm tng t nh cc bi trc. Cng trnh
c thi cng qun Hong Mai H Ni, do d liu chn l HaNoi2011. T
thi im nm 2011 n thi im ti liu ny c cng b, B Xy dng cng
b thm nhiu tp nh mc, H Ni cng cng b thm mt s tp n gi sa i,
b sung. Do cc nhn vin cng ty Gi Xy Dng gp cc d liu vo 1 b
csv gi l HaNoi2014, bn cng c th chn d liu HaNoi2014 cho bi ny.
2.4.2. Bc 2: Tra m hiu n gi, nhp s liu tnh khi lng
Ti sheet Du toan GXD, thc hin tra m hiu n gi bng cch g t kha
khun+dm, hp thoi tm kim hin ra:
Hnh 4.1 Chn m hiu cng tc t hp thoi

Da vo quy cch cng vic tm m hiu ph hp, kch chn m hiu ph hp
vi cng vic ri kch vo nt ng , thc hin tng t vi m hiu tip, kt qu
nh sau:
49

Hnh4.2 Bng d ton chi ph xy dng

Sau khi tra m xong tin hnh chnh ni dung cng vic cho ph hp (do tn
cng vic theo nh mc, n gi ca Nh nc nhiu khi khng ging tuyt i vi
cng vic, quy cch m ta cn).
S liu khi lng tnh ton trn c nhp lun vo cc trong ct G:
Hnh 4.3 Bng d ton sau khi sa tn cng vic, nhp khi lng
2.4.3. Bc 3: Chn phng n n gi s dng lp d ton
Ta s la chn phng php lp d ton bng cch: D ton GXD/Cc ty
chn/ Chung
50

Hnh 4.4a Lnh cc ty chn

Hoc kch chut vo biu tng trn thanh cng c:
Hnh 4.4b Lnh cc ty chn

Bng ty chn hin ra, chn phng php thc hin v kch chn ng .

51

y ta chn n gi a phng: S dng n gi a phng b tr chnh
lch trc tip vt liu, h s iu chnh nhn cng, my.
Hnh 4.6 Chit tnh n gi cc cng tc

Sau lnh trn sheet Don gia XD s nh sau (nh chp cng tc s 1):
Hnh 4.7 Bng n gi chi tit (minh ha cng tc th nht)

Bn lu , ct hao ph vt t c n, bn ch vic kch vo tiu ct K v
ko sang ct AF ri kch phi chn Unhide bn s thy ct hao ph vt t.
52

Chng ta thc hin lnh ny nhm mc ch gom tt c cc loi vt liu, nhn
cng, my thi cng ti bng n gi chi tit vo mt ch. Khi gom xong ti bng ny
ta s thc hin b gi vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng.
Hnh 4.8 Lnh thc hin tnh bng tng hp v chnh lch
Kt qu l Bng tng hp v chnh lch vt t xy dng:
- B gi vt liu:
Gi vt liu ta s nhp ti ct "GI VT T TI THI IM LP D
TON".
53

D ton cho cng trnh ti H Ni, do chng ta ly gi t Cng b Gi vt
liu xy dng do Lin s Ti Chnh Xy dng Tp.H Ni cng b, nu trong cng
b gi khng c ta c th ly theo gi tham kho trn th trng ti thi im lp d
ton. Sau khi b gi vt liu ta c kt qu nh sau:
Hnh 4.10 Tnh gi vt liu thi im hin ti
B gi nhn cng, my thi cng:

Ngy 16/7/2014 UBND Tp. H Ni c Quyt nh s 3796/Q-UBND v vic
cng b gi nhn cng th trng v h s iu chnh chi ph nhn cng, my thi cng
i vi cc cng trnh s dng vn ngn sch trn a bn Tp.H Ni.
Vn bn ny c Hng dn v s dng h s cho nhn cng v my thi cng, xin
trch dn 1 s ni dung trong vn bn:
54

Hnh 4.11 Mt s ni c trch ra t Q 3796/Q-UBND

Cc h s ny s c nhp ti sheet Ts, ta quay sang sheet Ts, nhp cc thng
tin u vo:
Hnh 4.12 Cc h s c nhp vo ti sheet Ts

- Phn nhn cng:
55

Khi chng ta nhp cc h s bng trn th phn ch tin lng (LTTV,
LTTC) chng ta khng cn quan tm na, do khng cn phi kt xut bng gi
nhn cng (sheet nhn cng).
- Phn gi ca my:
Trong Quyt nh 3796, c ghi r H s trn s dng trc tip nhn vi
tng chi ph nhn cng hoc chi ph ca my trong bng tng d ton. Ring h s
iu chnh ca my cha tnh n vic iu chnh chi ph nguyn liu u vo.
Theo Hng dn trn th Gi ca my c iu chnh theo nguyn tc:
Gcm iu chnh = Gi ca my gc x h s + B nhin liu, nng lng
Do phn nguyn liu u vo chng ta vn nhp bnh thng ti sheet Ts v
x l tip ti bng gi ca my (sheet Gi ca my).

2.4.6. Bc 6: Xut bng gi ca my v b chnh lch nhin liu, nng lng
Hnh 4.14 Kt xut bng gi ca my theo phng php 3

Bng gi ca my nhn c:
56

Hnh 4.15 Bng gi ca my

X l cc s liu ph hp ng vi Q 3796:
- Ct [14] Chi ph tin lng ti thi iu chnh = ct [10] Chi ph tin lng ti
thi im gc.
Kt qu sau khi chnh sa:
Hnh 4.16 Bng gi ca my sau khi iu chnh

Kt ni bng gi ca my sang bng Tng hp v chnh lch:
Thao tc lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 8.Ni vi bng chnh lch
57

Hnh 4.17 Lnh kt ni bng gi ca my sang Bng tng hp chnh lch
Hnh 4.18 Bng tng hp v chnh lch sau khi

2.4.7. Bc 7: Kim tra kt qu s liu, ng link kt ni ti cc bng
Bng Tng hp d ton chi ph phn xy dng (sheetTHCP xy dng), gi tr d
ton nhn c l: 3.099.000 ng.
58

Bng 4.19 Bng THCP xy dng

Bn thc hin in ra v sp xp h s d ton theo trnh t Tng hp trc, chi
tit sau hay l Kt qu trc, chng minh sau. Sao cho ngi thm tra d ton m h
s d ton t pha t ba, lt pha ng sau thy cc tnh ton ra cc con s kt qu
ng trc.
Nguyn Th La, Cng ty CP T vn cng ngh, thit b v

Kim nh xy dng CONINCO:
Phn mm D ton GXD hay, tin dng, p r nhiu th
59

V. BI TP 5: KHI LNG D TON TM AN
1. Yu cu
S dng phn mm D ton GXD tnh khi lng v lp d ton cho cng tc
sn xut b tng ct thp tm an c sn, s dng b tng mc 200, 1x2. Bit
rng y l cng trnh h tng k thut, thi cng ti H ng H Ni. Bn v nh
sau:
2. Thc hin
2.1. Nghin cu bn v
bi yu cu tnh tin lng cho tm an nh hnh v trn. Bn v gm mt
bng,hnh chiu, li thptm an. S liu y , r rng.
tnh khi lng vn khun cng nh b tng c s dng cho tm an ta
cn xc nh kch thc c th.
Xc nh khi lng, tng hp khi lng thp s dng c th s dng bng
thng k thp trong D ton GXD thc hin.
Cc s liu tnh khi lng c trnh by trong mc 2.4.
60

2.4.1. Bc 1: M phn mm D ton GXD, lu file, chn c s d liu
Cc bc thc hin ny lm tng t cc bi hng trc. Cng tc thi cng
tm an ca cng trnh h tng k thut c thi cng ti H Ni nn ta s chn c s
d liu l Hanoi2011(B n gi xy dng - Phn Xy dng, Lp t, Kho st, Sa
cha ln lt ban hnh km theo theo quyt nh s 5481, s 5479, s 5478 v s
5480/Q-UBND ngy 24/11/2011 ca UBND TP.H Ni).
2.4.2. Bc 2: Chn n gi lp d ton
Phn mm D ton GXD chia ra 4 n gi lp gi d ton, cc bn c th thc
hin chn 1 trong 4 phng php thc hin ty thuc vo s liu c sn, yu cu
ca Ch u t. Bi ny ta chn phng php lp d ton theo n gi cng trnh ni
t bng gi vt t.
Thc hin ty chn: H s/ Cc ty chn/ Chung/ S dng n gi cng trnh
ni t bng gi vt t

V phng php lp d ton s dng n gi cng trnh nn cc h s vt liu,
nhn cng, my thi cng ta gi nguyn l 1.
Cc nh mc t l theo loi cng trnh l h tng k thut. Vi D ton GXD
9s tr i, bn ch cn chn loi cng trnh danh sch nm ngay bn cnh v tr nhp
61

tn cng trnh l cc nh mc t l t ng thay i theo. Ring chi ph ln tri bn
phi t nhp vo bng tay ty theo cng trnh l 1% hay 2% (bn kch vo chi ph
ln tri, phn mm s cho bn bit phi tra u).
2.4.4. Bc 4: Tra m cho cc cng vic, nhp s liu tnh khi lng
Ta tra hoc nhp m hiu ti ct M HIU N GI sheet Du toan XD. i
vi cng tc vn khun g t kha bng cch khun+an nh sau:
Hnh 5.3 Thc hin tra m cng tc th nht

Hp thoi chn m hiu hin ra chn c m AG.31311
62


Kt qu nhn c nh sau:

Chnh sa ni dung cng vic cho ph hp sau tin hnh nhp khi lng
cho cng tc vn khun tm an trn.
Hnh 5.6 Nhp khi lng tnh ton

i vi cng tc ct thp, g t kha thp+an v m nhn c l
AG.13221.
63

Hnh 5.7 M hiu, ni dung cng tc ct thp

Tin hnh chnh sa ni dung cng vic, vi cng tc ct thp phn khi lng
cc bn c th link t sheet Thng k thp sang. Ta thc hin tnh ton bn sheet
Thng k thp nh sau:
Ct Tn cu kin cc bn in tn v s cu kin tng ng.
Cc bn in cc thng s tng ng cho cu kin ca mnh nh ng knh, s
thanh, Chiu di ... kt qu nhn c phn mm s tnh tng khi lng tng ng
cho tng loi ng knh (< 10 ; < 18; >18).
Vi tm an b tng ct thp, thp s dng thng c ng knh b nn ta gp
khi lng cc ng knh thnh khi lng thp tng cng.
64

Hnh 5.8 Bng Thng k ct thp

Trng hp phi thng k thp cho nhiu cu kin, cc bn g ch C ti
cui bng (nh hnh trn l B15) trong Bng thng k ct thp lc bng thng
k thp cho mt cu kin mi s hin ra, thc hin tnh ton tng t nh trn.
Sau khi nhp xong s liu tnh ct thp (ch yu l s hiu, ng knh, s thay,
chiu di), khi lng ct thp s c tnh tng li theo 3 quy cch ng knh
10mm, 18mm v >18mm. Ta tin hnh link khi lng tnh ton c ny sang
khi lng ca cng tc ct thp bn Bng D ton.
Cng tc cui cng l phn b tng, m hiu l AG.11413 ta chnh sa ni dung
cng vic v thc hin nhp s liu tnh khi lng, kt qu nhn c nh sau:
65


Sau khi cc bn thc hin tra m, nhp khi lng cc cng tc xong cc bn
thc hin lnh Chit tnh n gi bng cch: Chi ph xy dng/ 1.Chit tnh n
gi/ 1.Bng chit tnh n gi.
Mc ch ca bc ny l cho ta bit hao ph v vt liu, nhn cng, my thi
cng ca 1 n v cng tc v hao ph tng ton b cho ton khi lng cng tc .
Hnh 5.10 Lnh tnh bng chit tnh n gi

Kt qu nhn c ti Bng n gi chi tit trong sheet Don gia XD (hnh nh
minh ha cho cng tc u tin):
66

Hnh 5.11 Bng n gi chi tit

2.4.6. Bc 6: Xut bng gi tr vt t xy dng
Lnh thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 6. Tnh gi tr vt t
Hnh 5.12 Lnh tnh bng gi vt t

S liu trong bng gi tr vt t cho ta cc thng tin sau:
1. Danh mc vt t cn s dng thc hin cc cng tc trong bng d ton.
67

2. Khi lng vt t cn thit c tnh ra trn c s khi lng cc cng tc
trong bng d ton v nh mc hao ph
Da trn danh mc ngi lp d ton i tm kim s liu v gi ti thi im
lp d ton nhp vo tnh tip. Cn ngi qun l vt t, k ton xy dng d kin
danh mc v khi lng mua vt t, lo ha n, chng t.
3. Gi tr vt t theo khi lng vt t cn thit v n gi tng ng. Ban u
phn mm tm ly gi vt t t CSDL a phng m bn chn. Sau bn kt ni thay
vo gi no th s ra gi tr tng ng vi gi .
Hnh 5.13 Bng tnh gi vt t

- Gi vt liu
Gi vt liu trong sheet Gi tr vt t XD ang l gi ca n gi H Ni 2011
(n gi s 5481/Q-UBND). Ta tm s liu gi ti thi im lp d ton n hin
trng thi cng xy dng t cc ngun sau:
Cng b gi mi nht ca Lin s ti chnh - Xy dng a phng

Cng b gi ca cc t chc, n v c uy tn
Bo gi cc nh sn xut, nh cung cp trn th trng
Gi vt liu t h s d ton, ... ca cng trnh tng t
Thng tin, s liu v gi cc vn chuyn...
68

Gi vt liu c nhp ti sheet Gia tri vat tu XD nh sau:
Hnh 5.14 Nhp gi vt liu ti bng gi vt t

- Gi nhn cng, my thi cng
tnh gi nhn cng, my thi cng ta chuyn sang sheet Ts nhp s liu:
Cc thng s v tin lng, ph cp:
+ Mc lng ti thiu chung gi s tham kho theo Ngh nh s 31/2012/NDCP ngy 12/04/2012 ca Chnh ph quy nh mc lng ti thiu chung.
+ Mc lng ti thiu vng gi s tham kho theo Ngh nh s 70/2011/NDCP ngy 22/08/2011 ca Chnh ph quy nh mc lng ti thiu vng (xem ph lc
ca Ngh nh s c thng tin qun H ng, tp H Ni thuc vng 1).

69

Hon thin vic nhp cc thng s ti sheet Ts, tnh gi nhn cng thi im
hin ti cc bn thc hin lnh sau phn mm kt xut bng gi nhn cng:
Hnh 5.17 Bng gi nhn cng

Tng t vi gi ca my, cc thng s u vo c nhp ti sheet Ts nh sau:
- Cc s liu v nhin liu, nng lng:
+ Nhin liu v xng, du .... thng ly theo thng co bo ch v xng du ti
trang web petrolimex.com trang ca Tp on DuKh Vit Nam.
+ Nng lng v gi in cc bn tham kho ti evn.com trang ca Tp on
in Lc.
70

Hnh 5.18 Cc thng s v gi nhin liu, nng lng

Thao tc tnh bng gi ca my (gi ca my c tnh bng 1 trong 3 phng
php):
Hnh 5.19 Lnh tnh bng gi ca my

2.4.7. Bc 7: Kt ni d liu vo tnh ton v kim tra kt qu
71

Cc bn ln lt kim tra cc sheet Nhan cong XD, sheet Gia ca may XD
xem gi nhn cng, my thi cng c tnh vi gi ti thi im lp d ton do ta
nhp cc thng s ti sheet Ts.
Cc bng nhn cng, gi ca my c tnh th phn mm t thc hin cc lnh
ni a gi nhn cng sheet Nhan cong XD v gi ca my sheet Gia ca may
XD vo bng gi vt t. Kt qu ti bng gi tr vt t nh sau:
Hnh 5.21 Bng gi tr vt t sau khi iu chnh

2.4.8. Bc 8: Kim tra kt qu s liu, ng link kt ni ti cc bng
Trong qu trnh thc hin cc bn kim tra ngun gc s liu lin kt cng thc
gia cc php tnh bng lnh Ctr + [ i ti v quay li bng cch F5 + Enter. V
d: hnh di y bn kch vo D7 v n Ctr + [ th phn mm s chuyn bn v
v tr tnh ra kt qu v link vo , quay li kim tra tip theo bn bm F5
v Enter.
Bng Tng hp d ton chi ph phn xy dng (sheetTHCP xy dng), gi tr d
ton nhn c l: 2.807.000 ng.
72

Hnh 5.22 Bngtng hp gi tr d ton chi ph xy dng

Trong qu trnh lp d ton, c th bn phi thc hin nhiu tnh ton ph, tnh
nhp ra cc ct, dng bn ngoi khu vc mun in. Khi in cc bn khng th xa cc
vng tnh ton bn c th dng lnh Set Print Area (khoanh vng in) chn vng
cn in. Bn tm c v lnh ny ca Excel qua Google.
Ks V Giang, Cng ty Cu 11
Vo lp hc d ton v cc lp hc nghip v ca
cng ty Gi Xy Dng em c thch ngi sut ngy
c anh
73

VI. BI TP 6: KHI LNG D TON RNH THOT NC
1. Yu cu
Thc hin bc tch khi lng, lp gi d ton cho cc cng tc thi cng rnh
thot nc thuc cng trnh h tng k thut.
Bit rng:
- Tm an c kch thc 1x0,44x0,06 m (B tng 1x2,va XM mc #300)
- Khi lng ct thp s dng sn xut ton b tm an cho rnh l: 1,8 tn
- Chiu di rnh thot nc l 50m,t cp II, cng trnh thi cng ti Tp H Long
Qung Ninh. Chi tit mt ct rnh thot nc nh bn v.
2. Thc hin
2.1. Nghin cu bn v
Bn v l mt ct rnh vi cc kch thc chi tit, th hin b tng lt, tng
rnh v np an vi cc k hiu vt liu r rng. Cao ct 0.000 trng vi mt t
t nhin.
Ch cn tnh ton, bc tch s liu theo tit din mt ct sau tnh ton thm
vi s liu chiu di rnh dc 50m.
Vi chiu di ca rnh thot nc l 50m v s liu trn mt ct ta bc c
bng s liu nh sau:
74

TT
Khi lng
Ni dung cng vic
n v
o t rnh bng th cng
50*0,68*0,53
m3
B tng lt rnh 4x6 #100
50*0,68*0,1
m3
Xy rnh gch c, va XM mc
50* (0,58*0,07+ 2* 0,11*0,3)
#75
m3
Trt 2 thnh & b mt thnh rnh,

50*(2*0,3+2*0,11)
dy 2cm, va xi mng mc #50
m2
Lng rnh, dy 1cm, va xi mng

50*0,2
mc #50
m2
Sn xut, lp dng vn khun tm

50*[2*(0,06*0,44+1*0,06)]
an c sn, vn khun g
m2
Sn xut, lp t ct thp tm an
1,8
c sn
tn
B tng tm an c sn np rnh,
50*(1*0,06*0,44)
1x2 mc #300
m3
Lp dng tm an vo rnh
50
ci
Lp t rnh
18,02
[(0,44*0,36)+(0,58*0,07)+(0,68*
0,1)]*50
m3
10

2.4.1. M phn mm D ton GXD, chn c s d liu, lu file
M phn mm, lu file ri chn CSDL hoc m phn mm, chn CSDL, nhp
cc thng s ban u cho d ton ri lu file u c. Bn ch lu file thng
xuyn trnh tnh trng my b treo hoc mt in t ngt s mt cng sc lm d
m cha lu. Trong bi tp ny ta chn c s d liu l QuangNinh2012.
Tin hnh nhp 1 s thng tin chung v cng trnh, Ch u t, a im xy
dng ... vo sheet Ts.
75


Cc h s v nh mc t l, trong bi ny nhp cc thng s ny theo cng trnh
h tng k thut.
Hnh 6.2 Cc nh mc t l
2.4.3. Bc 3: Tra m, nhp khi lng cc cng tc
Sau khi nhp cc thng s ban u v cng trnh cc bn thc hin tra m
cng vic ti sheet DutoanXD, ti ct M HIU N GI ta thc hin nhp tn t
kha cn tm:
V d: tra m cho cng tc th nht l o rnh bng th cng t cp II, ta
g t kha o+rnh+II ti ct [2]M hiu n gi, ri bm ng .
76

Hnh 6.3- Thc hin tra m cng tc u tin

Hp thoi chn m hiu hin ra sau chn m ph hp vi cng tc thc hin:
Hnh 6.4 Chn m hiu trong hp thoi hin ra

Lu : Khi tra m hiu theo tn t kha, nn chn nhng m hiu c cng vic
gn ging vi cng vic bn cn lm ri sa tn cng vic theo m hiu .
Tng t ta tra c cc m hiu cho cc cc cng vic cn li, tin hnh sa
ni dung cng vic v nhp tnh ton din gii khi lng. Kt qu thu c nh
hnh sau:
77

Hnh 6.5 M hiu v ni dung cc cng vic

Sa li tn cc cng vic v nhp khi lng tng ng cho tng cng tc.
2.4.4. Bc 4: Chn thut ton x l n gi lp d ton
Thao tc: D ton GXD/ H s/ Cc ty chn/ Chung
Ta chn phn dng n gi a phng, ty chn: B tr chnh lch vt liu;
h s iu chnh nhn cng, my, sau bm "ng ".

78

Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 1.Chit tnh n gi/ 1.Bng chit tnh n gi
Hnh 6.7 Thc hin lnh chit tnh n gi

Ta c Bng phn tch n gi chi tit ti sheet n gi XD nh sau:

79

Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 2. Tng hp v chnh lch vt t

Ta c Bng tng hp v tnh chnh lch vt t xy dng
Hnh 6.10 Bng tng hp v chnh lch

2.4.7. Bc 7: Tnh gi vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng
Gi vt liu:
Ti sheetTH Chnh lch XD,tin hnh nhp gi vt liu ti thi im lp d ton.
Gi vt liu c tra theo thng bo gi mi nht ca Lin s Ti chnh Xy dng
Qung Ninh.
80

Hnh 6.11 Nhp gi vt liu thi im lp d ton

Khc vi vt liu,gi nhn cng, my thi cng ta thc hin xc nh theo hng
dn theo Vn bn s 544/SXD KTXD ngy 28/3/2014 ca UBND Tnh Qung Ninh
v vic hng dn iu chnh d ton xy dng cng trnh trn a bn tnh t ngy
1/4/2014.
Hnh 6.12 Ni dung trch t Vn bn s 544/SXD - KTXD

Theo hng dn trn th phn gi ca my hi khc bit, h s s dng cho gi ca
my ch iu chnh tin lng th iu khin trong gi ca my ch khng iu chnh
cho ton b chi ph my. Do ta x l nh sau:
81

Quay li sheet Ts, nhp h s cho phn nhn cng:

My thi cng: Theo hng dn ch iu chnh phn nhn cng nn gi nhin
liu, nng lng ta nhp ti sheet Ts hon ton bnh thng.
Ch : Gi nhin liu, nng lng cha c thu VAT

Thc hin lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 5.Tnh gi nhn cng/ 3. iu chnh gi ca
my n gin
82



X l ti bng gi ca my ng theo hng dn ca Vn bn s 544/SXD
KTXD, theo cng thc:
Gi ca my iu chnh = Gi ca my gc + B nhin liu, nng lng + B
nhn cng
= Gi ca my + B nhin liu, nng lng + H s x CP tin lng gc
Do , ta ch cn cho gi tr ct [14] = gi tr ct [10] x 1,47; phn nhin liu,
nng lng do ta nhp cc thng s u vo ti sheet Ts nn ct [13] phn mm
tnh chi ph nhin liu, nng lng thi im iu chnh.
83

Hnh 6.17 - Bng gi ca my sau khi iu chnh

2.4.8. Bc 8: Thc hin kt ni
Sau khi tnh gi ca my ti sheet tng ng ta cn kt ni, my thi cng vo bng
tng hp v chnh lch. Bnh thng th bn phi link tng gi bng tay. Nhng
trong D ton GXD bn c th thc hin bng lnh. Ch mt lnh thi tit kim nhiu
cng sc, thi gian.
Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 8. Kt ni vi bng tng hp v chnh lch.
Trong hp thoi kt ni hin ra cc bn thc hin kt ni nh hnh sau:

Lc ny ti bng Tng hp chnh lch ta c kt qu nh sau:
84


Cui cng ta c Bng tng hp d ton chi ph xy dng sheet THCP xy
dng, gi tr d ton xc nh c l: 177.391.000 ng.
85


2.4.9. Bc 9: Kim tra li, cn chnh bng biu, chun b in h s
Ks Trn Minh Vn, ang cng tc ti 1 Ban QLDA

C th nhng phn mm khc cng hay, nhng em v nhiu ng
nghip la chn v rt a chung D ton GXD v c nhiu hng
dn chuyn mn hay v su nht.
Khi la chn 1 cng c gn b vi cng vic lu di, phi
hc li, tm hiu li th mnh phi nhn xem tng lai pht trin th
no. Em nhn thy cc phn mm GXD khng ngng pht trin,
cc hng dn chuyn mn ca GXD cng khng ngng xut bn
nh ti liu ny l 1 v d. iu ny gip em yn tm theo ui s
dng, v GXD cng pht trin cng vic s ngy cng nhn hn.
86

VII. BI TP 7: D TON CHI PH PHN THIT B
1. Yu cu
Hy s dng phn mm D ton GXD lp d ton chi ph thit b theo s liu
cho trong bng sau ca mt cng trnh dn dng c thi cng ti Qun Hong Mai
H Ni. Bng d ton chi ph mua sm thit b nh bng di y:
n v tnh: ng
Stt
Tn thit b hay nhm thit b
vt
Khi
lng
n gi
trc thu
My iu ha mt chiu packaged m trn ni

ng gi, cng sut lnh 80.000Btu/h, gas R22
60.000.000
My iu ha 2 cc, 2 chiu, loi treo tng

18.000 BTU/h
35.000.000
Bn lm vic (kch thc: 1400x750x750 mm, g

cng nghip mu vng xanh)
1.800.000
Thang my ch khch Mitsubishi P 600 8CO
410.000.000
103.000.000
My bm nc sinh hot + Role mc nc

Q=20m3/H, H=70m, N=7,5KW
Do lp d ton thit b l phc tp, trong khun kh bi tp ny a ra s liu

n gin cc bn phn no hiu v quy trnh lp d ton chi ph thit b.
2. Thc hin
2.1. Phn tch bi
Khc vi d ton chi ph phn xy dng, d ton chi ph phn thit b bao gm 3
khon mc chi ph (Theo Thng t s 04/2010/TT-BXD ngy 26/5/2010 ca B xy
dng v vic hng dn lp v qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh): Chi ph
mua sm thit b cng ngh (Gms); Chi ph o to v chuyn giao cng ngh (Gt);
Chi ph lp t v th nghim, hiu chnh (Gl).
y l bi lp d ton phn thit b, ch khi thc hin trn phn mm D ton
GXD thao tc lnh, nt lnh trn menu Ribbon thuc Chi ph thit b.
2.2. Phn tch v bc s liu tnh khi lng
Vi cc thit b n gin c n v tnh l ci, chic, b, hp, t th ngi lp
d ton c th m, thng k trn bn v. Vi cc thit b tnh theo tn hoc n v
tnh phc tp thng thng cn c k s thit k, k s cng ngh, k s c kh ch
to my bc khi lng. Bng khi lng c chuyn cho ngi lp d ton p
gi, lp d ton.
87

2.3.1. M phn mm D ton GXD, lu file, chn c s d liu
Cc bc m phn mm, lu file tng t nh cc bi tp khc. Cng trnh c
thi cng ti H Ni nn c s d liu c chn l Hanoi2011.
Bn thc hin tch vo D ton thit b hin cc sheet d ton phn thit
b. Vi D ton GXD 9 plus tr i, khi kch vo D ton thit b th menu Chi ph
xy dng v cc sheet dng lp d ton chi ph xy dng s b n i. Vi cc
phin bn D ton GXD 9s tr v trc cc bn bm cc lnh trn menu Ribbon
ti phn Chi ph thit b k nhm vi cc lnh tnh Chi ph xy dng.
Hnh 7.1 giao din phn mm phn d ton thit b

2.3.2. Xc nh chi ph mua sm thit b (Gms)
Vi d ton chi ph thit b c 3 khon mc chi ph cu thnh, bao gm:
+ Chi ph mua sm thit b cng ngh (Gms)
+ Chi ph o to v chuyn giao cng ngh (Gt)
+ Chi ph lp t v th nghim, hiu chnh (Gl)
Ti sheet CP mua sam TB: Nhp ln lt tn thit b, n v tnh, v khi lng
vo cc ct tng ng.
88

Hnh 7.2a Bng d ton chi ph mua sm thit b

Kt qu thu c cho phn chi ph mua sm thit b l 1.465.200.000 ng trc
thu, nh hnh sau:
Hnh 7.2b - Bng d ton chi ph mua sm thit b

2.3.3. Chi ph o to v chuyn giao cng ngh (Gt)
Khon mc chi ph ny ta c th thc hin ti sheet CP dao tao
89

Hnh 7.3 Bng d ton chi ph o to v chuyn giao cng ngh

Chi ph o to v chuyn giao cng ngh khng c nh mc, n gi. Do
nhng chi ph ny mi d n u t xy dng cng trnh mi khc. V d: o to v
chuyn giao cng ngh vn hnh thit b iu hnh Hm Hi Vn s khc vi Thy
in Sn La. Vi bi tp ny cc thit b thng dng nn khng c chi ph o to v
chuyn giao cng ngh (Gdt).
2.3.4. Chi ph lp t (Gl)
Chi ph lp t thit b c xc nh tng t chi ph xy dng (ngi ta hay
gi chung l d ton xy lp cng trnh).
1) Bc 1: Tra m, chnh sa ni dung cng vic, nhp s liu tnh ton
Ti sheet Du toan LD ti ct M HIU N GI, thc hin tra m hiu n
gi bng cch g t kha hoc g trc tip m hiu. Cc cng tc ta tra c m hiu
cho phn lp t l BA.12203, BA.12201 tng ng l cc m iu ha, ring cc
cng tc cn li khng c m hiu trong cc tp nh mc phn lp t do BXD ban
hnh nn ta thc hin tm tnh cho cc cng tc .
90

Hnh 7.4a Bng d ton chi ph lp t

Tin hnh chnh sa ni dung cc cng vic cho ph hp, nhp gi hon
thin cng tc tm tnh (c tnh) v nhp khi lng tng ng cho cc cng tc .
Hnh 7.4b Bng d ton chi ph lp t

2) Bc 2: Chn quy trnh x l n gi lp d ton
Phn mm d ton GXD c lp trnh 4 quy trnh theo thut ton cc bn
c th la chn (c v ngm tn ca tng phng php bn c th hiu). Chn cch
no th cng mt s liu bn nhp vo cng ra cho ra cng 1 kt qu d ton. Ty
91

theo s sn c v s liu, cng nh yu cu thng tin ca Ch u t, n v thm tra,
thi quen ca cng ty m bn chn cho ph hp. V d: Nu a phng ni xy
dng cng trnh bn ang lp d ton c vn bn cng b h s iu chnh nhn, my
th c th dng la chn B tr chnh lch trc tip vt liu; h s iu chnh nhn
cng, my.
Vi bi ny ta dng lnh H s/ Cc ty chn trong hp thoi Ty chn hin ra
ti tab Chung ta chn phng php Dng n gi a phng b tr chnh lch trc
tip vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng.

3) Bc 3: Chit tnh n gi v phn tch vt t cc cng tc
Thao tc: Chi ph thit b/1. Chit tnh n gi/1. Bng chit tnh n gi
Phn mm s thc hin phn tch, a ra Bng phn tch n gi chi tit lp t
thit b ti sheet n gi LDhnh minh ha cho cng tc th nht).
92

Hnh 7.6 Bng chit tnh n gi (hnh minh ha cng tc 1)

y thc hin lp t cc loi my iu ha nhit khc nhau nhng dng
chung 1 M hiu n gi nn phn tch v tng hp chnh xc vt liu ca tng
loi ta sa tn vt liu (hoc m vt t) cho ng sau chy lnh tng hp v chnh
lch theo tn (hoc theo m vt t).
Bn cng trong nh mc c ni dung ng cc loi v dy in theo thit
k, tc l bn xem trn bn v xc nh ra hao ph theo thit k c th l bao nhiu
m. Trong bi ny do khng c iu kin trnh by bn v nn ta b qua.
93

Hnh 7.7 Chnh sa vt liu trong bng n gi chi tit

Thc hin tng t vi loi my iu ha nhit cn li.
4) Bc 4: Tng hp v tnh chnh lch vt t
Lnh thc hin: Chi ph thit b/ 2. Tng hp v chnh lch vt t
Hnh 7.8 Bng tnh gi tr vt t lp t

94

- Nhp gi vt liu:
Gi vt liu ta s nhp ti bng ny ti ct [6] n gi. y ly theo gi cng
b gi vt liu mi nht ca Tp. H Ni Qu, nu khng c ta c th ly theo gi
tham kho trn th trng ti cc ca hng, a l ti thi im lp d ton.
Sau khi nhp gi vt liu ta c bng sau:
Hnh 7.9 Bng gi tr vt t sau khi nhp gi vt liu

- Gi nhn cng, my thi cng:
Xc nh gi nhn cng v my thi im hin ti ph thuc vo cc thng s
nhp trong sheet Ts theo cc ch chnh sch v cc vn bn v ch tin lng
cng nh gi nhin liu nng lng ti thi im lp d ton.
Cc thng s Gi s c ti sheet Ts nh sau:
Hnh 7.10 Thng s v nh mc t l ng vi tng loi hnh cng trnh

95

Hnh 7.11 Thng s v ch tin lng
Hnh 7.12 Cc thng s u vo tnh gi ca my

Sau khi hon tt vic nhp cc thng s u vo v tin lng, cng nh gi
nhin liu, nng lng cc bn thc hin kt xut bng gi nhn cng v bng gi ca
my phn mm tnh gi thi im lp d ton ca nhn cng v my thi cng.
Thc hin cc thao tc:
+ i vi nhn cng:
Thao tc lnh: Chi ph thit b/ 4. Tnh gi nhn cng/ 1. Bng gi nhn cng
+ i vi my thi cng:
Thao tc lnh: Chi ph thit b/ 5. Tnh gi ca my/ 3.iu chnh gi ca my n
gin (ty chn 1 trong 3 phng php)
5) Bc 5: Kim tra kt qu v link kt ni
tnh sheet Nhn cng LD, gi ca my sheet Gi ca my LD.
Cc n gi v nhn cng, my thi cng s c phn mm t ng link sang
Bng Tng hp v chnh lch vt t
96

Hnh 7.13 Bng tng hp v chnh lch vt t lp t

Ta thc hin kim tra cc gi tr c lin kt ti cc sheet n gi LD, sheet
D ton LD, THCP Lp t.
Hnh 7.14 Bng tng hp chi ph d ton lp t

Gi d ton chi ph phn lp t ta xc nh c l: 24.815.000 ng.
Sau khi hon thin tnh ton c 3 khon mc chi ph th ta thu c Bng tng
hp d ton chi ph thit b ti sheet TH CP thit b nh sau:
97

Hnh 7.15 Bng tng hp d ton chi ph thit b

Nh vy gi tr d ton chi ph thit b trc thu cho cc loi thit b cho trong
bng nh trn c gi tr l: 1.487.759.000 ng.
6) Bc 6: Sp xp, cn chnh v in h s d ton
Bn ch l khi in h s d ton, sau t ba phi l thuyt minh lp d ton,
trong bn phi nu y cc cn c, c s thng tin s liu s dng (cc vn
bn, bo gi, cn c ly h s, p dng ch , chnh sch) lp d ton. Nh
vy, nhng ngi c h s d ton ca bn nh: Ngi thm tra, thm nh, ngi
ph duyt, thanh tra, kim ton d dng tra cu cc cn c m t yu cu bn
phi gii trnh, bn s vt v hn.
Mt k s ca Tng Cng ty TVTK giao thng vn ti, TEDI:

Vi cng trnh cu ng th quan trng nht l c th chnh sa
nhanh chng, tin li v thng xuyn phi vn dng, chnh sa
nh mc. Thm na l phi thun li trong vic trao i file gia
cc n v. Nhiu phn mm trc em dng, gi file sang my
khng ci phn mm hoc ci phin bn khc l rt hay b li. T
khi dng GXD em thy 2 im l th mnh ca GXD so vi nhiu
phn mm khc. Ngoi ra GXD c ci hay l cp nht nhanh v y
h thng cc n gi, nh mc, vn bn, li cn c tng ti
khon truy cp DutoanGXD.vn ...
98

VIII. BI TP 8: KHI LNG D TON NN MT NG
1. Yu cu
Hy bc tch khi lng v lp d ton cho cc cng tc thi cng nn mt
ng b tng nha, in khi lng bc c cho tng cng tc v n v tng
ng vi cc cng tc vo bng khi lng sau bit rng chiu di on ng thit
k di1,5 km, chiu dy cc lp kt cu v trc ngang in hnh cho di, cng trnh
thi cng ti ng Anh, H Ni.
Bng danh mc cc cng vic cc tnh khi lng v lp d ton:
TT
Ni dung cng vic
Lm mng cp phi dm loi II dy 30 cm
Lm mng cp phi dm loi I dy 16 cm
Ti nha pha du tiu chun 1,0 kg/m2
Ri thm lp b tng nha ht trung, chiu dy ln p 7cm
Ti lp dnh bm bng nh tng gc axit, tiu chun 0,5 kg/m2
Ri thm lp b tng nha ht mn, chiu dy ln p 5 cm
Cc lp kt cu ng:
TT
Cc lp vt liu
Chiu dy h
(cm)
E (Mpa)
B tng nha ht mn
420
B tng nha ht trung
350
Cp phi dm loi I
16
300
Cp phi dm loi II
30
250
99

o n tuyn di: L=1,5 km
6%2%
2%
1.69
Cc:H6
Km:5+600
TRC NGANG THIT K
2%
2%6%
1:1
.5
.5
1:1
i = 4.85%
Khong c ch mia
353.22
2.91
10.00
353.09
353.58
354.06
Cao t nhi n
1.90
355.21
1.00
0.50 355.19
355.16
Khong c ch l thit k
355.27
Cao thit k
0.50 355.16
355.19
1.00
355.21
353.89
MSS:352.00
10.00
2. Thc hin
2.1. Nghin cu bn v
Yu cu bi bc tch khi lng cho cc cng tc thi cng mt ng, in
khi lng bc c cho tng cng tc v n v tng ng vi cc cng tc vo
bng khi lng da vo bn v trc ngang v chiu dy kt cu cc lp mt ng
c cho.
Mt ng rng 9m, chiu rng cc lp kt cu nn mt ng l 8m, mi bn
0,5m l ng. Ty theo n v tnh ca cc cng tc ta s s dng b rng, chiu di
ng v din tch tit din cc lp kt cu mt ng tnh khi lng.
TT
Ni dung cng vic
n v
Khi lng
Lm mng cp phi dm loi II dy 30 cm
100m3
1500x8x0,3/100
Lm mng cp phi dm loi I dy 16 cm
100m3
1500x8x0,16/100
Ti nha pha du tiu chun 1,0 kg/m2
100m2
1500x8/100
Ri thm lp b tng nha ht trung, chiu dy

ln p 7cm
100m2
1500x8/100
Ti lp dnh bm bng nh tng gc axit, tiu

chun 0,5 kg/m2
100m2
1500x8/100
Ri thm lp b tng nha ht mn, chiu dy ln

p 5 cm
100m2
1500x8/100
100

2.4.1. Bc 1: M phn mm D ton GXD, lu file v chn CSDL
Cc bc m phn mm, lu file nh ta bit. Cn c vo a im xy dng
cng trnh ta chn c s d liu l Hanoi2011.
Cc bn quay li sheet tin hnh nhp 1 s thng tin chung v cng trnh,
Ch u t, a im xy dng ...
Mc I: Cc thng s ny cc bn c th nhp ty theo cng trnh ca bn thi
cng cho ph hp.

Mc II: Cc h s, nh mc t l
Cc h s: L cc h s iu chnh v nhn cng, my thi cng thng do cc
a phng ban hnh (vt liu t c h s). ta lp d ton bng n gi cng trnh nn
cc h s ny khng quan tm v mc nh cho bng 1.
Cc nh mc t l c nhp theo Thng t s 04/2010/TT-BXD cho ph hp
vi loi cng trnh thi cng. y ti nhp cc thng s ny theo cng trnh giao
thng.
101

2.4.3. Bc 3: Tin hnh tra m, nhp khi lng cc cng tc
Sau khi nhp cc thng s ban u v cng trnh cc bn thc hin tra m
cng vic ti sheetDutoan XD, ti ct M HIU N GI ta thc hin nhp tn t
kha cn tm:
V d: tra cng tc Lm mng cp phi dm loi II, ta g mng+di
ri bm ng , chn m hiu ph hp, sau nhp khi lng cn tnh ton.
Lu : Khi tra m hiu theo tn t kha, nn chn nhng m hiu c cng vic
gn ging vi cng vic bn cn lm ri sa tn cng vic theo m hiu .
Hnh 8.3 Tra m cng tc

Tng t ta tra c m hiu cc cng vic nh sau:
102

Hnh 8.4 M hiu v ni dung cc cng vic

Tin hnh sa li tn cc cng vic cho ph hp v nhp khi lng tng ng
cho tng cng tc:

Thc hin thao tc: D ton GXD/ H s/ Cc ty chn/ Chung.
Ta chn n gi: S dng n gi cng trnh Ni gi vt t t bng Tng hp
v chnh lch, sau bm "ng ".
103


Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 1.Chit tnh n gi/ 1.Bng chit tnh n gi
Hnh 8.7 Thc hin lnh chit tnh n gi
104

Ta c Bng phn tch n gi chi tit ti sheet n gi XD nh sau:

Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 2. Tng hp v chnh lch vt t

Ta c Bng tng hp v tnh chnh lch vt t xy dng
105

Phng php ta dng l s dng n gi cng trnh nn trong bng Tng hp
chnh lch XD ta ch quan tm gi ti thi im lp d ton . Ta n i 1 s ct
khng cn thit nh ct F, H, I (tng ng vi Gi vt t gc, Chnh lch, Thnh
tin). Cch thc hin lnh nh sau: H s/ Cc ty chn/ Chung
Hnh 8.10 Thc hin lnh n cc ct khng cn thit

2.4.7. Bc 7: Tnh gi vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng
Gi vt liu
Ti sheet TH Chnh lch XD (by gi bin thnh bng cha gi vt liu cp
s liu cho sheet chit tnh n gi ch khng ng vai tr tnh chnh lch vt t
na) ta tin hnh nhp gi vt liu ti thi im lp d ton. Gi vt liu c tra
theo thng bo mi nht ca H Ni v bo gi th trng cung cp ti thi im lp
d ton.
106

Hnh 8.11 Nhp gi vt liu thi im lp d ton

b gi nhn cng, my thi cng ta cn kt xut bng gi nhn cng v bng
gi ca my, cc bc thc hin nh sau:
- i vi nhn cng:
Chy lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 4.Tnh gi nhn cng/ 1.Bng gi nhn cng

Do cng trnh thc hin l cng trnh ng giao thng, ta phi i nhm nhn
cng sang nhm 2:
Chy lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 4.Tnh gi nhn cng/ 2.i nhm nhn cng
107

Hnh 8.13 i nhm nhn cng

Hp thoi Chuyn i nhm nhn cng xut hin, ta chn Nhn cng nhm II
ri bm Chp nhn.
- My thi cng:
Thc hin lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 5.Tnh gi nhn cng/ 2. Phng php b tr
trc tip (ty chn 1 trong 3 phng php)
Hnh 8.14 Bng gi nhn cng

Sau khi cc bn kt xut bng nhn cng, my thi cng cc bn quay li sheet
Ts, thc hin nhp cc thng s v tin lng cng nh nhin liu, nng lng.
+ a nhn cng v thi im lp d ton
108


Lng ti thiu vng y gi nh theo Ngh nh s 103/2012/N-CP ngy
04/12/2012 ca Chnh ph Quy nh mc lng ti thiu vng.
Lng ti thiu chung cng gi nh nhp theo Ngh nh s 66/2013/N-CP
ngy 27/6/2013 ca Chnh ph quy nh mc lng ti thiu chung.
Cc ph cp, chi ph cn li ... ly theo b n gi xy dng cng trnh ca H
Ni nm 2011.
+ a gi ca my v thi im lp d ton
Gi nhin liu cc bn c th tham kho ti petrolimex.com trang ca Tp on
Xng du Vit Nam. Gi in tham kho ti trang B Cng thng.
Ch : Gi nhin liu, nng lng cha c thu VAT

(Cc bn sau khi nhp cc thng s v nhn cng, nhin liu liu, nng lng
cc bng tnh gi nhn cng, my thi cng c a v thi im lp d ton).
Bng gi nhn cng ti sheet Nhan cong XD:
109

Hnh 8.17 - Bng gi nhn cng


2.4.8. Bc 8: a gi vt liu, nhn cng, my vo tnh n gi
Sau khi tnh xong gi nhn cng v gi ca my ti cc sheet tng ng ta cn
a gi nhn cng, my thi cng vo bng tng hp v chnh lch. Xa kia dng
Excel lp d ton ta link bng tay tng gi mt, y l vic rt mt thi gian, tn
110

cng sc v hay nhm ln. D ton GXD c cc lnh kt ni, phn mm cn c vo
m vt t t ng ni vo ch sau 1 lnh bm, gip cho cng vic tr nn nhn,
nhanh v th v hn nhiu.
Chy lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 8. Kt ni vi bng tng hp v chnh lch.
Trong hp thoi kt ni hin ra cc bn thc hin kt ni nh hnh sau:

Lnh kt ni c thc hin th ti cc bng n gi chi tit (sheet n gi
XD), Bng d ton chi ph xy dng (sheet Du toan XD) c a v thi im
lp d ton.

Ta c Bng tng hp d ton chi ph xy dng (sheet THCP xy dng):
111


2.4.9. Bc 9: Kim tra, sp xp, cn chnh, in h s d ton
Vi trng hp s dng n gi cng trnh lp d ton nh bi ny, ta khng
cn tnh b/tr chnh lch na, v s liu u vo (gi vt liu, nhn cng, my)
tnh thi im lp d ton. Do ta c th n cc dng Chnh lch vt liu, nhn
cng, my thi cng hoc c phn chi ph theo n gi trong bng tng hp d ton
in ra cho gn.
Ths Hong Anh Th, Cng ty TNHH t vn HXD, CCU:

D ton GXD d s dng, hiu qu, chu kh ci tin. Tuy
nhin vn cn 1 s hn ch Ti tin l cc hn ch s c
ci tin trong cc phin bn tip theo.
112

IX. BI TP 9: KHI LNG D TON O RNH T NG NG
1. Yu cu
Cng trnh thi cng xy dng ti qun H ng H Ni. Hy tnh tin lng,
lp d ton o rnh t ng ng BTCT ng knh 1m, di rnh 700m, y
rnh rng 2m, su rnh ty theo trc dc (hnh di), kho st cho s liu t cp
II, mt bng rng c th thi cng bng my o. H s m nn, dung trng t khi
p t tr li l K = 0,85; 1,60T/m3.
Bin php thi cng: S dng my o 1,25m3 thc hin o rnh, t 10T
vn chuyn t i, My i 110CV .v.v. B sung d kin: Bit v tr bi thi nm
cch chn cng trnh (tnh tng i) l 15Km. (Bi thi l v tr s dng vt
liu thi ra khng s dng ca cng trnh, v d nh t o ln s phi i).
4.7
36.6
37.9
38.5
38.4
38.7
33.6
33.7
33.8
33.9
34.0
4.5
4.7
37.38
33.54
4.2
36.7
33.5
3.0
2.2
35.6
33.4
3.84
2.0
35.3
Cao trnh thin nhin
33.3
3.2
Hy s dng phn mm D ton GXD lp gi d ton, trnh by in n h s

d ton cho cc cng tc trn.
Cao trnh dy rnh
100
0
y rnh
100 40 60 100
1
100
4
100
5
100
6
33.8
6.80
3.60
2.00
2. Thc hin
2.1. Nghin cu bn v
- Rnh thot nc thuc cng trnh h tng k thut.
- Rnh di 700m c chia lm 7 mc, ti mi mc c cao trnh tng ng nh
hnh v.
113

- y rnh rng 2m, ming rnh rng 6,8 m.
- Mt ct ti mi mc l cc hnh thang tng ng vi y b 2m, y ln 6,8m.
- Rnh 7 on, mi on c chiu di l 100m
- on mc (2) - (3) c chia thnh 2 on c chiu di l 40m v 60m
Rnh c chiu di l 700m c chia lm 7 mc, khi khi lng o t s
c tnh theo cng thc:
V = (S1+S2) * L/2
Trong :
V: Th tch o t
S1, S2 : Din tch tit din 2 u mc.
L: Khong cch 2 tit din.
Phn mm D ton GXD rt linh hot l bn c th chn thm cc sheet tnh
ton thoi mi, cc sheet v chc nng ca phn mm vn hot ng bnh thng.
Bn m Phn mm D ton GXD, ta to 1 sheet mi v i tn l Tnh ton khi
lng (tn t ty ). Ta tnh c khi lng t o ton b rnh l:
Hnh 9.1 Tnh ton ti sheet khoi luong

114

- Khi lng t o ton b rnh l Vo = 11.224,4 m3.
- Khi lng t lp l :
V lp= [11.224,40 (3,14*12/4)*700] /1,07 =9976,542 (m3)
Trong : (3,14*12/4)*700 l phn th tch b ng b tng ct thp ng knh 1m
chim ch; 1,07 h s chuyn i bnh qun t t o sang t lp theo DM1776
ng vi H s m nn, dung trng t khi p t tr li l K = 0,85; 1,60T/m3 .
-
Khi lng t vn chuyn i l :11.224,40 9976,542=1247,858 (m3).
2.4. Thc hnh trn phn mm D ton GXD

2.4.1. Bc 1: Chy phn mm D ton GXD, lu file, chn c s d liu
Bi ny ta thc hnh vi c s d liu Hanoi2011, bn cng c th chn c s d
liu ca a phng khc m bn ang lm cng trnh thc hnh.
2.4.2. Bc 2: Nhp cc thng tin ban u ca cng trnh ti sheet TS
Bn quay v sheet Ts thc hin nhp cc thng tin ban u v cng trnh:
Hnh 9.2 Cc thng tin chung cng trnh

Nhp cc nh mc t l ph hp vi loi hnh cng trnh h tng k thut:
115

Hnh 9.3 Cc thng s v nh mc t l

2.4.3. Bc 3: Tra m, nhp khi lng
Ti sheet Du toan XD cc bn thc hin tra m hiu cho cc cng tc d kin
phi lm, cc bn tra t kha ti ct M HIU N GI, cc t kha cng ngn,
ph bin th kt qu tm c s nhanh hn.
V d: Cng tc th nht: do chng ta thc hin o bng my v my o c
dung tch gu l 1,25m3 nn g o+II+1,25 bm Enter, hp thoi chn m hiu
s hin ra. Tm c m ph hp cho cng tc ny l AB.27222.
Hnh 9.4 Tra m cng tc th nht

Kt qu nhn c ti sheet Dutoan GXD nh sau:
116


Tng t ta tra m cho cc cng tc cn li, bao gm:
M hiu
Tn cng vic
AB.41432
Vn chuyn t bng t t 10T trong phm vi 1000m, t cp II
AB.42332
Vn chuyn tip c ly 7km bng t t 10T, t cp II
AB.42432
Vn chuyn 1km ngoi phm vi 7km bng t t 10T, t cp II
AB.34110
San t, bi thi, bi tr, bi gia ti bng my i 110cv
AB.65110
p t cng trnh bng m cc, cht K = 0,85
Chnh sa ni dung cng vic, nhp khi lng cho cc cng tc, kt qu thu
c nh sau:

117

Thuyt minh u chng 2, nh mc d ton s 1776/BXD-VP, c hng dn:
Trng hp c ly vn chuyn t, t ni o n ni >1000m th p
dng nh mc vn chuyn c ly 1000m v nh mc vn chuyn 1000m tip
theo nh sau:
- nh mc vn chuyn vi c ly L 2Km = m1 + m2x(L-1)
- nh mc vn chuyn vi c ly L >7Km = m1 + m4x6 + m5x(L-7)
Trong :
- m1: nh mc vn chuyn trong phm vi 1000m
- m2: nh mc vn chuyn 1Km tip theo c ly 2Km
- m5: nh mc vn chuyn 1Km ngoi phm vi c ly >7Km
Theo ta s tin hnh chn u vic cho vic vn chuyn t bng t t
10T t cp II 1km u, (7-1)km tip theo, (15-1-6) km cn li. Nh vy cc cng tc
s 4 v Cng tc s 5 cn thm h s tng ng vi s km vn chuyn , thc hin
nh sau:
Kch chut vo dng ca cng tc cn thm h s sau vo Tin ch/ Thm h
s cho cng vic
Thc hin nhn h s 6 cho cng tc AB.42332, h s 8 cho cng tc AB.42432.
Hnh 9.7 Lnh thm h s cho cng vic
118

Nhn h s 6 cho cng tc AB.42332
Nhn h s 8 cho cng tc AB.42432
Hnh 9.8 n gi cc cng tc thay i sau khi thm h s

2.4.4. Bc 4: Chn phng n n gi lp d ton
Vi bi tp ny chng ta s chn phng php lp d ton l S dng n gi
a phng b tr chnh lch vt liu; h s nhn cng, my thi cng.
Thao tc: H s/ Cc ty chn/ Chung/ B tr chnh lch vt liu; h s nhn
cng, my thi cng.
119


Chy lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 1.Chit tnh n gi/ 1.Bng chit tnh n gi
Hnh 9.10 Lnh chit tnh n gi cc cng tc
120

Hnh 9.11 Bng chit tnh n gi (cng tc th nht)

Bc 6: Tng hp v tnh chnh lch vt t
Thao tc lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 2.Tng hp v chnh lch vt t

Vi bi tp ny hao ph cc cng tc khng c phn vt liu do ta b qua.
2.4.6. Bc 6: Dng h s iu chnh chi ph nhn cng, my thi cng
121

Ngy 16/7/2014 UBND Tp.H Ni c Quyt nh s 3796/Q-UBND v vic
cng b gi nhn cng th trng v h s iu chnh chi ph nhn cng, my thi cng
i vi cc cng trnh s dng vn ngn sch trn a bn Tp.H Ni.
Vn bn ny c Hng dn v s dng h s cho nhn cng v my thi cng, y
l trch dn ni dung:
Hnh 9.13 Mt s ni c trch ra t Q 3796/Q-UBND

Ta quay sang sheet Ts, nhp cc thng tin u vo:
122

Hnh 9.14 Cc h s c nhp vo ti sheet Ts
Phn nhn cng:

Khi chng ta nhp cc h s bng trn th phn ch tin lng (LTTV,
LTTC) chng ta khng cn quan tm na, do khng cn phi kt xut bng gi
nhn cng (sheet nhn cng).
Phn gi ca my:
Trong Quyt nh 3796, c ghi r H s trn s dng trc tip nhn vi tng
chi ph nhn cng hoc chi ph ca my trong bng tng d ton. Ring h s iu
chnh ca my cha tnh n vic iu chnh chi ph nguyn liu u vo. Do phn
nguyn liu u vo chng ta vn nhp bnh thng ti sheet Ts v x l tip ti bng
gi ca my (sheet Gi ca my).

2.4.7. Bc 7: Kt xut bng gi ca my v x l cc s liu
123

Hnh 9.16 Kt xut bng gi ca my theo phng php 3

Bng gi ca my nhn c:

X l cc s liu ph hp ng vi Quyt nh s 3796/Q-UBND:
- Ct [14] Chi ph tin lng ti thi iu chnh = ct [10] Chi ph tin lng ti
thi im gc.
Kt qu sau khi chnh sa:
124

Hnh 9.18 Bng gi ca my sau khi iu chnh

Kt ni bng gi ca my sang bng Tng hp v chnh lch:
Thao tc lnh: Chi ph xy dng/ 8.Ni vi bng chnh lch
Hnh 9.19 Lnh kt ni bng gi ca my sang Bng tng hp chnh lch
Hnh 9.20 Bng tng hp v chnh lch sau khi

125

2.4.8. Bc 8: Kim tra kt qu, link kt ni ti cc bng
Bng Tng hp d ton chi ph phn xy dng (sheet THCP xy dng), gi tr d
ton nhn c l: 695.333.000 ng.
Hnh 9.21 Bng THCP xy dng

Nu in thuyt minh trong Word, nh s ni tip vi thuyt minh, trong D
ton GXD (Excel) bn c th chn sheet u tin ni tip vi thuyt minh vo Page
Setup, nh s tip theo trong First Page Number. Sau group cc sheet li in, h s
d ton s nh s trang lin hon rt p.
126

CHNG 2. BI TP TNG HP T THC HNH

I. LP D TON S DNG N GI A PHNG
1. Bi 1:
Hy s dng phn mm D ton GXD xc nh khi lng tnh ton v lp gi
d ton cho h mng trn theo phng php s dng n gi a phng b tr
chnh lch trc tip vt liu, nhn cng, my. Cho bit cng trnh c thi cng ti
Tp.H Long Qung Ninh.
127

128

129

- Bng thng k thp mng:
130

Tn
Ck
M1
M2
M3
S lng
Chiu di
(mm)
S
Ck
1 Ck
Ton
b
1 Ck
Ton
b
Tng
trng
lng (kg)
12
36
1,2
43,2
38,35
12
36
1,2
43,2
38,35
12
11
66
1,5
99,0
87,89
12
11
66
1,5
99,0
87,89
12
18
36
2,1
75,6
67,12
12
18
36
2,1
75,6
67,12
SH
Hnh dng/chiu di
Tng cng
12
386,73
- Bng thng k thp c mng:

Tn
Ck
K1
K2
K3
S lng
Chiu di
(mm)
S
Ck
1 Ck
Ton
b
1 Ck
Ton
b
Tng
trng
lng (kg)
16
16
2,75
44,0
69,45
20
80
0,75
60,0
13,32
18
2,75
22,0
43,95
20
40
0,75
30,0
6,66
16
2,75
22,0
34,72
20
40
0,75
30,0
6,659
18
2,75
11,0
21,97
20
20
0,75
15,0
3,33
16
2,75
22,0
34,723
20
40
0,75
30,0
6,66
18
2,75
11,0
21,97
20
20
0,75
15,0
3,33
SH
Hnh dng/chiu di
Tng cng
18
87,89
16
138,89
39,95
131

2. Bi 2:
T bi 1, c bn v kim tra li s liu bc khi lng bng di, chnh li
cc s liu b sai. Chn sheet Dutoan XD, nhp cng thc tnh v tnh khi lng cho
cc cng tc ri in vo bng di y. Hc vin cha c phn mm hy tnh tay v
ghi kt qu vo bng.
STT
1
MHG
Ni dung cng vic
AB.11443 o mng ct, rng >1m, su >1m, t cp III
VT
K.lng
m3
Mng M1: 4*1,5*1,3*1,45*1,2

Mng M2: 6*1,8*1,6*1,45*1,2
Mng M3: 2*2,4*2,2*1,55*1,2
2
AF.11111 B tng lt mng 4x6, mc 100
m3
Mng M1: 4*1,5*1,5*0,1

Mng M2: 6*1,8*1,8*0,1
Mng M3: 2*2,4*2,4*0,1
3
AF.61110
SXLD ct thp b tng ti ch, ct thp mng,

tn
ng knh 10mm
39,95/1000
AF.61120
SXLD ct thp b tng ti ch, ct thp mng,

tn
ng knh 18mm
Thp mng d12: 386,73/1000
Thp c mng: (87,89+138,89)/1000
AF.81122 Vn khun g, vn khun mng
100m2
mng M1: 4*4*1,5*0,2/100

mng M2: 6*4*1,6*0,25/100
mng M3: 2*4*2,2*0,25/100
C mng M1: 6*4*0,25*0,95/100
C mng M2: 4*4*0,25*0,85/100
C mng M3: 2*4*0,25*0,75/100
6
AF.11213 B tng mng, 1x2, mc 200
m3
Mng M1: 2*1,3*1,3*0,2

Mng M2: 6*1,6*1,6*0,25
Mng M3: 4*0,2*2,2*0,3
132

STT
MHG
Ni dung cng vic
VT
K.lng
Phn vt M1:
4*0,2/6*(1,3^2+0,35^2+(1,3+0,35)^2)
Phn vt M2:
4*0,3/6*(1,6^2+0,35^2+(1,6+0,35)^2)
Phn vt M3:
4*0,35/6*(2,2^2+0,35^2+(2,2+0,35)^2)
Lu : Ghi file vo cng dng file .xls hoc .xlsm (khng lu loi .xlsx).
3. Bi 3:
Xc nh gi tr chnh lch vt liu vi gi thit v gi cc loi vt liu ti thi
im gc v thi im lp d ton (thi im hin ti) nh sau:
Tn vt t
STT
n v
Gi vt t ti thi
im lp d ton ()
Ct vng b tng
326.334
Dy thp
kg
21.209
1x2
335.215
4x6
280.300
inh
kg
21.909
inh a
ci
1.500
G chng
3.820.000
G np
3.820.000
G vn
3.820.000
10
G vn cu cng tc
3.820.000
11
Nc
lt
12
Que hn
kg
15.659
13
Thp trn D10mm
kg
18.886
14
Thp trn D18mm
kg
18.886
15
Xi mng PC30
kg
1.477
16
Xi mng PC40
kg
1.688
Hy xc nh bng gi tr vt t. Cho bit ngha ca bng ny?
133

4. Bi 4:
Gi s cng trnh trn xy dng ti huyn Honh B, hy tm vn bn hin
hnh hng dn iu chnh chi ph nhn cng, my thi cng bng do UBND tnh
hoc S Xy dng Qung Ninh cng b. Hy xc nh cc nh mc t l trc tip
ph khc, chi ph chung v thu gi tr gia tng theo qui nh hin hnh, xc nh gi
tr chi ph xy dng?
5. Bi 5
Tnh bng chi ph mua sm thit b cho cng trnh nh bng di, gi thit thu
sut thu GTGT mua thit b l 10%. S dng sheet Gld v Dutoan TB ca phn
mm D ton GXD xc nh gi tr lp t thit b.
Stt
Tn thit b hay nhm

thit b
My iu ha 2 cc, 2 chiu,
loi treo tng 12.000
BTU/h
42
Gi my
ci
42
vt
Khi
lng
Gi trc
thu
Gi
BA.12201 nh
10.000.000 mc 1777/BXD-VP
165.000
My iu ha 2 cc, 2 chiu,
loi treo tng 18.000
BTU/h
15
14.000.000
Gi my
ci
15
180.000
BA.12201
BB.42102
3
Bnh nng lnh 30L-2,8Kw
32
2.000.000
Lp t aptomat MCCB 3P150A /25KA
ci
4.096.073
Lp t aptomat MCCB 3P16A 10KA
ci
3.692.692
Lp
t
500x350x200mm
ci
1.448.075
Cp in CU/XLPE/PVC
/PVC (3x10+1x6)mm2
183,6
230
in
Dy cp in CU/PVC/PVC
(3x2,5 +1x1,5)mm2
125.000
45958
(nh mc lp t
thng un nc
nng)
BA.19304
BA.19302
BA.15413
BA.16409
BA.16407
134

Stt
Tn thit b hay nhm

thit b
vt
Khi
lng
Hp automat 06 module lp
chm
hp
28
Gi trc
thu
244.000
Gi
BA.15403
Lu : Cn i chiu quy nh, pht hin nhng chi ph no a vo bng mua

sm thit b l sai, t phn ra lp d ton cho ng. Cho bit gi tr d ton sau khi
chnh cc sai st l bao nhiu?
6. Bi 6:
S dng sheet QD957 v THKP hy tnh chi ph Qun l d n, chi ph T vn
v chi ph khc bit cng trnh c cc loi chi ph nh sau:
-
Chi ph lp d n u t (hoc bo co kinh t k thut).

Chi ph thit k.
Gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh.
Gim st lp t thit b.
Chi ph thm tra thit k k thut
Chi ph thm tra d ton Gxd
Chi ph lp h s mi thu, nh gi h s d thu thi cng xy dng
Chi ph lp h s mi thu, nh gi h s d thu mua sm thit b
Chi ph thm tra ph duyt quyt ton
Chi ph kim ton, quyt ton vn u t
Chi ph bo him cng trnh
II. LP D TON THEO N GI CNG TRNH

Yu cu: Cng trnh dn dng thi cng xy dng ti Nng. Hy lp d ton
chi ph xy dng cho cc cng tc thi cng h thng khung ct b tng ct thp.
Gi nhn cng (tin cng) theo hng dn ca Nh nc v tin lng ti thi
im lp d ton: mc lng ti thiu v cc khon ph cp cho cng trnh ti a
bn thnh ph Nng. Tham kho Ngh nh s 204/2005/N-CP mc A.1.8 tra
h s lng theo bc th hoc hng dn ca c quan c thm quyn ca Nng.
D liu xc nh gi ca my theo gi nhin liu, nng lng ti thi im lp d
ton. Nu cha tm c th tm gi nh tnh vi cc s liu gi in l 1509
(/kwh), diezel 20.800 (/lt). Cc nh mc gi ca my theo Thng t s
06/2010/TT-BXD ngy 26/05/2010 ca B Xy dng v hng dn phng php xc
xc nh gi ca my v thit b thi cng. Hoc tnh theo bng gi ca my Nng v
b chi ph nhin liu, nng lng, tin lng v thi im hin ti.
Bn v trang sau. Bng thng k ct thp nh sau:
135

S lng
Tn
Ck
Hnh dng/chiu
di
Chiu di
Tng
trng
lng
(kg)
(mm)
S
Ck
1 Ck
Ton
b
1 Ck
Ton
b
16
16
4,0
64,0
101,01
20
80
0,75
60,0
13,32
18
4,0
32,0
63,923
20
40
0,75
30,0
6,66
16
16
3,5
56,0
88,39
20
80
0,75
60,0
13,32
18
3,5
28,0
55,9
20
40
0,75
30,0
6,66
SH
Thp ct tng 1
K1
Thp ct tng 2
K1
Gi vt liu theo cng b gi mi nht ca Lin s TC-XD Nng, bo gi th

trng hoc gi nh bng gi vt liu nh bng sau:
STT
Tn vt liu
VT
Gi vt liu ()
Xi mng PC30
kg
1.437
Thp trn 10mm
kg
17.342
Thp tm
kg
17.980
Thp hnh
kg
17.980
Que hn
kg
16.800
Nc
lt
G vn cu cng tc
m3
3.500.000
G chng
m3
3.500.000
Dy thp
kg
18.000
10
Ct vng
m3
290.000
11
inh a
ci
3.500
12
inh
kg
19.000
13
1x2
m3
251.800
136

S liu kho st tnh gi vt liu n hin trng xy lp cho xi mng, ct
vng, 1x2: Xi mng mua ti ngun cch hin trng xy dng 30km trong c
20 km ng loi 1 v 10km ng loi 2. Ct vng mua ti ngun cch hin trng
xy dng 15km ng loi 2. 1x2 c mua ti m cch ngun 10 km ng
loi 2.Cc vt liu cn li, gi tr cho trong bng l gi vt liu tnh ti hin trng
xy dng.
1. Bi 1:
Vi phng php ny ta khng s dng quyn n gi a phng m t chit
tnh n gi cng trnh vi cc nh mc ph hp lp d ton cng trnh. c bit
l d ton cc cng trnh giao thng, thy li t lu cc n v t vn chit tnh
n gi cng trnh lp d ton m khng s dng n gi a phng v b chnh
lch.
Khi dng n gi cng trnh ch cn 1 b csv duy nht l c th lm c d
ton hoc d thu cho tt c cc cng trnh trong c nc. Tuy nhin, thun tin
tra cu hoc khi c nhu cu cn dng gi vt t gc so snh hoc cn d liu gi
ca my tra cu, i chiu, b tr nn bi ny ta chn d liu Csv Nng.
lp d ton theo cch ny, ngi lp d ton phi i chit tnh n gi cng
trnh. chit tnh c n gi cng trnh cn nm bt c cch tra v p dng
nh mc, tnh bng gi vt liu hin trng, tnh bng lng nhn cng, bng gi ca
my (tnh mi hoc b gi ca my ca a phng thnh gi ca my ti thi im lp
d ton s dng cho cng trnh).
137
100 100
125 125
200
250
138
TLE
: 1/20
1a-1a
125 125
250
6 a200
416
6 a200
416
TLE
: 1/20
1-1
100 100
200
214
1a
200
200
10
1a
550
416
200
216
214
216
214
214
3400
216
6a150
6a150
216
900
6a200
214
216
900
216
216
900
6a150
214
900
900
300
6a150
214
TLE
: 1/20
6a200
6 a200
+3.250
TLE
: 1/20
216
216
216
11
9-9
200
314
214
8-8
6 a150
+3.250
214
216
550
416
550
314
300
314
700
6a100
700
6a100
12
550
550
700
6a100
200
200
2a
550
214
418
TLE
: 1/20 (SL=02CK)
314
200
214
214
3400
214
214
5-5
6a200
214
6 a200
-0.050
6a200
TLE
: 1/20
214
214
214
214
12-12
200
TLE
: 1/20
216
214
6 a150
TLE
: 1/20
200
214
214
TLE
: 1/20
200
314
11-11
314
6 a200
11
214
6a200
300
4-4
214
6 a150
-0.050
TLE
: 1/20
214
216
6a150
900
216
216
200
10-10
214
6 a150
6a150
900
214
550
416
900
6a150
214
550
KHUNG K1
2a
550
700
6a100
300
6a150
300
300
6a200
300
900
300
900
214
6a150
900
216
216
6a150
900
214
1a
550
214
416
550
416
550
10
314
6a150
200
200
214
314
600
700
6a100
1a
700
6a100
300
3350
3300
6a150
-0.050
+3.250
+3.600
200
250
6a150
100 100
125 125
600
TLE
: 1/20
2a-2a
125 125
250
TLE
: 1/20
2-2
100 100
200
6 a200
418
6 a200
418


2. Bi 2:
Chit tnh n gi, p vo khi lng, lp bng d ton v bng gi cho thu
vi cc s liu nh trong bng sau:
n
v
Ni dung cng vic
Khi
lng
Stt
M hiu
BA.19304
Lp t aptomat MCCB 3P-150A /25KA
ci
2,000
BA.19302
Lp t aptomat MCCB 3P-50A 10KA
ci
6,000
BA.19302
ci
10,000
BA.19302
ci
33,000
BA.19302
ci
7,000
BA.15413
Lp t in 500x350x200mm
hp
2,000
BA.15403
Lp t hp automat 06 module lp chm
hp
28,000
BA.15409
Lp t hp automat 14 module lp chm
hp
10,000
BA.16407
Dy
cp
+1x1,5)mm2
in
CU/PVC/PVC(3x2,5
230,000
10
BA.16409
Dy
cp
in
(3x4+1x2,5)mm2
CU/XLPE/PVC/PVC
880,000
11
BA.16409
Dy
cp
in
(3x10+1x6)mm2
CU/XLPE/PVC/PVC
180,000
12
BA.16107
Lp t dy CU/PVC 1x1,5mm2
230,000
13
BA.16109
Lp t dy CU/PVC/PVC 1x2,5mm2
880,000
14
BA.16112
Lp t dy CU/PVC/PVC 1x6mm2
180,000
15
BA.18202
Lp t cm 3 pha 5 chu
ci
105,000
Bng gi vt liu kho st t cc ngun cung cp

Stt
Tn vt t
n v
n gi
cm 3 pha 5 chu
ci
658.400
Dy CU/PVC/PVC 1x6mm2
20.825
Dy CU/PVC/PVC 1x2,5mm2
12.870
Dy CU/PVC 1x1,5mm2
5.710
Cp in CU/XLPE/PVC/PVC
(3x10+1x6)mm2
125.000
Cp in CU/XLPE/PVC/PVC
65.948
139

Stt
Tn vt t
n v
n gi
(3x4+1x2,5)mm2
7
Cp in CU/PVC/PVC(3x2,5 +1x1,5)mm2
45.948
Automat 14 module lp chm
ci
560.000
Hp automat 06 module lp chm
ci
244.000
10
T in 500x300x200mm
ci
1.120.000
11
Aptomat 3P-16A 10KA
ci
2.917.640
12
Aptomat 3P-25A 10KA
ci
2.917.640
13
Aptomat 3P-40A 10KA
ci
277.440
14
Aptomat 3P-50A 10KA
ci
277.440
15
Aptomat MCCB 3P-150A /25KA
ci
4.096.074
140

CHNG 3. MT S TNH HUNG HI P

1. Cu hi 1
Vic o bc khi lng trong d ton l cng vic kh phc tp, i hi phi k
nng, lm nhiu c kinh nghim. hn ch cc sai st khi bc tch khi lng, Cc
hnh khi c bn hay dng tnh l g?
Tr li:
Vic bc tch trong d ton khng ch tnh cc hnh khi c bn m vic p
dng cc k nng ton hc rt quan trng. Sau y xin trnh by vi cc bn 1 s ni
dung c bn phc v c lc cho vic o bc:
1.1. Mt s kin thc hnh hc c bn
Tn
hnh
Hnh v
Tam
gic
Cng thc tnh ton
S=
TT
b.h
2
Hnh
ch nht
S = a.b
a
S=
.d 2
= .R 2
4
C= 2. .R = .d
Hnh
vnh
khuyn
Hnh
trn
ng dng
thng gp
Tnh khi lng
cc kt cu c
hnh tam gic.
Tnh khi lng:
vn khun, trt,
lt, lng, p,
sn
Tnh khi lng:
vn khun, sn,
ca gi
.(D 2 d 2 )
S=
4
Tnh khi lng

thp ng, cc
rng, cc kt cu
c hnh vnh
khuyn...
ab
S=
.h
2
Tnh khi lng

cc kt cu c
hnh thang.
Hnh
thang
b
141

Tn
hnh
Hnh v
Cng thc tnh ton
V= a
Hnh lp
phng
ng dng
thng gp
Tnh th tch cc
b tng i trng
th nghim nn
tnh
TT
Sxq = 4.a2
a
a
V=a.b.c
Hnh
hp
Sxq = 2.(a.c + b.c)
b1
o t h mng,
+(a+a1).(b+b1)+a1.b1
b tng mng
]
ng
V=
D
h
.[a.b+ Tnh khi lng:
6
V=
a1
ng
ct (lng
tr ct)
Tnh th tch b
tng mng, i
cc, dm, sn,
ct
2
2
. h.[D d ]
4
Sxq = .h.D
Tnh khi lng

b tng cc rng,
cc ng thp
Sau khi nm c cc k hiu bn v, chng ta hy cng ng dng cc kin thc

ton hc qua mt v d c th, o bc tin lng 1 hnh phc tp bng cch tch ra
thnh cc hnh c bn bn trn tnh khi lng.
Gi s tnh khi lng thi cng mng n c hnh dng (lt ngc) nh sau:
Cng tc o t h mng
M hnh h mng khi o t c dng c th p dng cng thc tnh th tch
hnh chp ct. Trong thc t, ngi ta c th tnh gn ng bng cch tnh th tch
142

hnh tr vi tit din l hnh vung y mng, sau nhn h s ta luy: 1,1 hoc 1,2
(tng ln 10% hoc 20% cho phn taluy ty nn t tt hay t yu). y l h s
kinh nghim.
Nh vy th tch o t l (tnh nhn thm h s taluy l 1,2):
V = di x rng x su x h s taluy = 1,8 x 1,8 x (0,1+1,65-0,3) x 1,2 = 5,638m3
Cng tc vn khun v b tng:

Phn tch khi mng phc tp ra lm cc khi hnh n gin V1, V2, V3 ta s
d dng tnh c th tch v din tch xung quanh.
V1
V
V2
V3
- Th tch b tng: V= V1 + V2 + V3
V1 = 0,85 x 0,25 x 0,25= 0,053 m3
V2 = (0,3/6) x [0,35x0,35+ (1,6 + 0,35) x (1,6 + 0,35)+ 1,6 x 1,6] = 0,324 m3
V3 = 1,6 x 1,6 x 0,2 = 0,512 m3
Th tch b tng l:V = 0,053 + 0,324 + 0,512 = 0,889 m3
- Din tch vn khun:
Din tch xung quanh S3: 4 x (0,2 x 1,6) = 1,28 m2
Din tch xung quanh S1: 4 x (0,85 x 0,25) = 0,85 m2
Din tch vn khun l: S = S1 + S3 = 0,85 + 1,28 = 2,13 m2
- Tng t nh vy ta cng tnh c din tch xung quanh ca cc hnh c bn
chnh l din tch vn khun phc v b tng mng.
1.2. Mt s kin thc i s
Mc d c my tnh vi cc phn mm tnh ton rt mnh nh: Excel,
Calculator, D ton GXD, D thu GXD, nhng khi a d liu o bc tin lng
vo bng tnh nu bn thc hin k nng tnh nhm, tnh tay nhanh v chnh xc s
gip tc o bc tin lng nhanh hn, hiu sut cng vic s cao hn, rt ngn
thi gian lm vic.
143

Php nhn
Nhn vi 0,25 l chia s cho 4
V d: 328 x 0,25 = 328/4 = 82
Nhn vi 0,5 l chia s cho 2
V d: 926 x 0,5 = 926/2 = 463
Nhn vi 2,5 bng cch thm s 0 ri chia 4
V d: 44 x 2,5 = 440/4 = 110
Nhn vi 5 l thm s 0 ri chia 2
V d: 64 x 5 = 640/2 = 320
Nhn vi 9 l nhn 10 ri tr i s
V d: 23 x 9 = 230 23 = 207
Nhn vi 11 c hai cch:
C1: Nhn 10 ri cng thm s .
V d: 53 x 11 = 530 + 53 = 583
C2: Khi s nhn c 2 con s th ch cn cng 2 s li v t vo gia:
V d: 53 x 11 = 5 |5+3|3 = 583
Nhn hai s t 10 n 20: ta cng s th nht vi s hng n v ca s th
hai ri t trc tch ca 2 s hng n v.
V d: 12 x 13 = |12+3| |2x3| = 156
Khi hai s n v nhn nhau vt mi th ta cng hng chc (ca tch nhn
c) vo s trc, cng phn n v vo s sau.
V d: 17 x 13 = |17 + 3 + 2| |7x3+1| = 221
Bnh phng ca mt s tn cng l 5:
V d: 25^2 = 2 x (2+1) | 25 = 625
85^2 = 8 x (8+1) | 25 = 7225
Nhn hai s lin hip (x+y)(x-y) = x^2 y^2
V d: 42 x 38 = (40+2)(40-2) = 40^2 2^2 = 1600 4 = 1596
Thu gn s khi nhn
V d: 7,5 x 24 = 15 x 12 = 180
Php chia
Cn nh rng khi chia mt s l nhn nghch o ca s , bin php chia
thnh php nhn
Chia cho 0,5 l nhn s vi 2
18 / 0,5 = 18 x 2 = 36
Chia cho 0,25 l nhn s vi 4
3 / 0,25 = 3 x 4 = 12
144

Chia cho 2,5 l nhn 4 chia 10
5 / 2,5 = 5 x 4 /10 = 2
Mc d c my tnh ton ht, nhng k nng tnh nhm iu luyn s gip tng
nng sut v hiu qu lm vic. Yu cu ngi thc hin phi luyn tnh cho quen,
khng nhng gip tr no lun lun vn ng m cng vic khng qu ph thuc vo
my tnh. Khi Ch u t p tin , in li mt, my tnh bn khng lm vic
c, laptop ht pin chng ta s thy gi tr ca kh nng tnh nhm...
1.3. Mt s kin thc khc
Bi ton trng cy dng xc nh s thanh thp (trng hp n khong cch
s c n+1 s thanh thp).
Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t - phc v xc nh h s iu chnh nhn cng,
gi ca my...
Cp s cng, cp s nhn, cng bi, cng sai phc v thit lp bng tnh Excel
khi lp d ton
Cao hn na l cc kin thc v xc sut, thng k, l thuyt m phng... dng
trong xc nh ch s gi, phn tch ri ro d n,...
2. Cu hi 2
Mun c bn v, bc khi lng bn s bt u tm hiu t u? Ti liu no?
Nu bn bit bc tch, kim tra, kim sot khi lng th c li ch g cho cng vic
thc t, c cc c hi g?
Tr li:
Cm bn v thit k trn tay v ra ngoi hin trng, chu kh quan st cng
nhn thi cng ngoi thc t, hiu r c bn v truyn ti cho mnh nhng ci g,
cng trnh thi cng c nhng chi tit th no
Sau xin quyn d ton mu xem cch h tnh ton (cn ch l nhiu khi
d ton mu cng khng hon ton chnh xc lm), ri t bc li khi lng ca cng
trnh .
Sau khi bc th i chiu, 1 ln cha c th vi ln s c. Theo nguyn tc
ph d th lm t trn xung, lm mi th t di ln. Bn phi gch c u dng
nhng u vic nh hng trc tip n vic hnh thnh nn cc cu kin, kt cu
cng trnh. Sau trin khai nhng cng vic cn li th s khng b st u vic.
Nn tham gia kha hc o bc khi lng, lp d ton c o to bi bn,
chuyn nghip, thc hnh thc t ti Cng ty CP Gi Xy Dng.
Mun o bc khi lng th theo mnh trc tin th phi bit mc ch ca vic
bc khi lng l g. V d: lm tin lng, d ton, d thu hay o bc khi
lng hon cng hay thanh ton giai on...
145

Mun o bc tt th phi:
c bn v tt, chnh xc (ci ny th thng thng ai hc xy dng u lm
c c c vi loi bn v nn ch l bn v thit k k thut bn v thit k thi
cng.... Nu khng nm chc k nng ny th s khng bao gi bc c khi lng
chnh xc).
Tip theo l phi hiu v bin php thi cng (tt nht l bin php thi cng
c duyt, vn ny l kh nht). V d nh cc bn mun tnh khi lng o
mng chng hn th phi bit c l o m mi ra sao hay l ng c sau mi o
t...
Tip theo l vn bn hng dn tnh khi lng. Mc ch l trnh by mt
cch khoa hc d hiu d kim sot, d thm tra, cc n v tnh mt cch nht qun
(V d: ct pha n v l 100m2, b tng n v l m3 ch khng phi l cm3)... v
c trnh by theo th t mt cch nht qun vi rt nhiu cng trnh, v n gin
ha mt s php tnh khi lng m khng xy ra tranh ci (V d: cc bn tnh khi
lng b tng dm s khng ai bt cc bn phi tr i phn ct thp trong b tng c
nh lm n b tng 1 l hm lng ct thp rt nh sao vi b tng nn c th
b qua...).
Phi nm vng cc tiu chun k thut trong xy dng. V d: Trn bn v ch
cho mt ct tit din hai u dm v mt ct gia dm th cc bn phi bit c
chiu di on ni ct thp l bao nhiu, chiu di on un m neo l bao nhiu ...
nu i thi cng th tt nht nn thng nht trc vi n v TVGS sau ny d dng
trong vic tnh khi lng thanh ton (v thng thng phi i bn v khi lng).
Mt iu rt quan trng na l hiu bit v nh mc hao ph trong xy dng.
V d: da trn bn v th ch tnh c khi lng khi xy l bao nhiu qua nh
mc hao ph c th tnh ra c s tn bao gch bao va xy, bao nhiu ximng
PC30, PC40, bao nhiu ct, ... Thng thng th ni dung ny c Phn mm D
ton GXD h tr c lc.
Tc dng ca vic bit bc tch khi lng th rt nhiu:

C khi lng th mi c lp c d ton hoc lm cc cng vic lin quan v
lp v qun l chi ph, t mi c lng, c thu nhp.
D tr kinh ph thi cng trong tng giai on kim sot khi lng vt liu khi
thi cng tt hn (c bit l nu k thut ct tha qu nhiu thp ca gim c s
pht hin c ngay)
D tr c k hoch tp kt vt liu mt cch hp l c bit l nhng cng
trnh c mt bng thi cng khng ln.
146

3. Cu hi 3
Lm sao bc khi lng khng b thiu hoc tha cng vic theo thc t thi
cng?
Tr li:
- Trang b kin thc thi cng thc t (quan st, tch ly, ti liu, phim, nh, ra
cng trng).
- T liu tham kho (cng trnh tng t, d ton quyt ton) History data:
Thng tin, s liu.
- Trao i, hi ngi c kinh nghim, k thut.
- Lm nhiu s quen.
4. Cu hi 4
Em mi bt u lm d ton nn cha hiu lm v cch tnh nh mc n gi
ca cng vic tm tnh (TT). Xin cc anh ch ch bo gip?
Tr li:
Khi lp d ton thun li nht l cng vic bn cn lp d ton c sn m hiu
nh mc, n gi tra.Theo thi gian cc nh mc cng b c th c i, lc
hu so vi cng ngh thi cng mi. Do khoa hc k thut pht trin rt nhanh, cc
cng ngh thi cng mi, bin php thi cng mi, k thut thi cng mi, cc ng dng
khoa hc k thut mi vo ngnh xy dng ngy mt nhiu. Vic thu thp, x l s
liu nh mc lun i chm hn 1 bc (bi phi c thi cng ri, mi t chc theo
di, bm gi thu thp s liu c). Do c nhiu cng vic thi cng mi khng c
nh mc hoc cc nh mc c s khng ph hp.
Nh vy, cc cng tc tm tnh (TT) l nhng cng tc cha c trong nh mc,
khng l gp cng tc ny th "tc" v khng lm tip c d ton? V li cc cng
tc ny cng rt nhiu.
gii quyt "ch tc ny" cc quy nh ca Nh nc (Thng t 04/2010/TTBXD) cho php ngi lp d ton c th tm tnh (c lng, c tnh) chi ph cho
cng tc m khng phi i n khi c nh mc na. V c bn bn phi c kinh
nghim, thng tin th mi c th c lng, c tnh cho chnh xc (hoc gn gn
c). Cch ngi ta thng lm:
4.1. Vn dng
Bn c th ly mt cng tc khc c trong nh mc m cch thi cng ca n
tng t nh cng tc tm tnh vn dng. V d: Cng tc ri va lt sn khng
c nh mc. Bn c th chit tnh phn vt liu l va lt (c nh mc), cn nhn
cng v my th ly bng cng tc b tng lt.
147

Bn cng c th ly mt nh mc no ri iu chnh i cho ph hp (nhng
phi c kinh nghim, hiu bit v bin php, iu kin thi cng, yu cu k thut ca
cng trnh v am hiu v nh mc mi chnh ng c).
4.2. c tnh (trong phn mm D ton GXD g TT)
- Nu khng c cng tc khc tng ng th bn c th tm tnh gi vt liu,
nhn cng, my cho cng tc bng mt s tin no . Lu l s tin ny cng
st vi thc t cng tt
Bn cng c th cn c vo gi th trng ti thi im lp hoc bo gi ca nh
sn xut. Thng h bo l chi ph y lm cng tc , th bn bt cc chi ph
theo nh mc t l i v phn tch c chi ph VL, NC, M ra a vo bng d
ton sao cho khi tnh tng hp chi ph th va bng bo gi l c.
4.3. S dng s liu t cng trnh tng t
y l lm theo kiu tin l. Bn c th tham kho cc cng trnh tng t
thc hin. V d: D ton ca mt cng trnh khc c duyt, h s thanh, quyt
ton... trong h lp th no, bn c th lp nh vy. Ni chung bt c ngun no
chng minh c gi tr thc s ca chng.
Nh vy, vic lu tr s liu qu kh (nc ngoi thng dng thut ng
History data) l rt quan trng i vi ngi lp d ton v k s nh gi, qun l
chi ph.
4.4. Lp nh mc mi p dng cho cng trnh
Trong D ton GXD g t TT1 TT9 ly cc mu tm tnh.
Bn c th lin h cc n v c chc nng, kinh nghim lp nh mc p
dng cho cng trnh hoc hi cc chuyn gia nh mc. Bn c th lin h Trung tm
thng tin, Vin Kinh t xy dng ti s 37, L i Hnh, H Ni hoc Cng ty CP
Gi Xy Dng xin t vn. Cc n v khc c th thu thp s liu a ra nh
mc, nhng giai on hin nay vic gii trnh, bo v thuyt phc l kh kh khn.
c bit lu nu cng trnh, gi thu ca bn s thc hin theo hnh thc ch
nh thu. Hy xem thm phn qun l nh mc trong Thng t 04/2010/TT-BXD
ca B Xy dng.
5. Cu hi 5
Trong phn mm D ton GXD c s dng hai n gi lp d ton l n
gi a phng v n gi cng trnh, nh vy khi lp d ton ta s p dng n gi
no? S khc nhau ca hai n gi ny l g?
Tr li:
148

hiu r hn v bn cht phng php lp d ton dng n gi cng trnh
hay n gi a phng, bng sau y trnh by chi tit v hai phng php ph bin
hin nay:
- Dng n gi a phng, b chnh lch vt liu, iu chnh nhn cng, my thi
cng bng h s
- Dng n gi cng trnh, t tnh ly n gi
n gi a phng
n gi cng trnh
Do UBND Tnh ra quyt nh cng b ban

hnh, c xut bn thnh cc cun Sch
T vn lp d ton t tnh cho d ton
n gi, ngi lp d ton da trn n gi
cng trnh ang lp
ny lp d ton v c iu chnh cho ph
hp
Tnh ht cc nh mc B Xy dng ban Ch tnh cho cc cng vic cng trnh
hnh
mnh ang lp d ton
Phm vi p dng: cho tt c cc cng trnh Phm vi p dng: Ch p dng cho cng
trn a bn a phng
trnh ang lp d ton
Lc hu ngay t lc cng b, in ra
Cp nht ti thi im lp d ton
Gi do S xy dng v t t vn n gi Gi do ngi lp d ton tm t cng b

chn tnh thi im tnh n gi
gi vt liu, gi th trng,
B chnh lch, iu chnh t lc cng b
Khng phi b chnh lch, iu chnh
n gi v thi im lp d ton
Thng p dng cho cng trnh Dn dng
p dng thng cho cc cng trnh v

giao thng (ng, cu, cng), cng
nghip ln, thy li
Phng php ny ph bin p dng cc Phng php ny ph bin p dng

cng trnh dn dng, cc cng trnh nh v cc cng trnh thy li, giao thng v
cc a phng pha Bc
cc a phng pha Nam
Nh vy, vic lp d ton hai phng php ny c bn cht hon ton khc
nhau, do khi lp d ton chng ta chn phng php no th cn phi ty thuc
vo s liu c sn, yu cu ca Ch u t.
6. Cu hi 6
Cng vic lp d ton i hi ngi k s phi t m trong tng bc lm v
yu cu chuyn mn tng i cao, v vy lp d ton khng c nhng sai st no
xy ra th cn lu nhng g?
149

Tr li:
Sau y l ton b nhng li c bn m ngi lp d ton hay gp phi, cc bn
cn lu , cc ni dung c sp xp theo th t n gin cho ti phc tp:
Sai st s hc
Bn c th nhm n v: V d, thng n v ca d ton vi thp l tn (1000
kg), o t bng my l 100 m3, hoc vn chuyn b tng bng t chuyn trn l
100 m3, vn khun l 100 m2. Nhng khi tnh c mt s ngi vn c nhm, thp th
c khi c 0,07 tn thnh 70 tn do gi tr tng hng trm, thm ch l hng t
ng.
Bn c th nhm ln du phy (,) vi du chm (.): Trong my tnh mi ngi
c th t du chm hay du phy khc nhau cho nhng s thp phn, khi nu
khng quen, bn c th nhm ln n 1000 ln, v d: ng l 1,000 tn l 1 tn,
nhng c th nhm thnh 1000 tn. Tm li, Vit Nam hay dng du phy (,) th
hin n v thp phn, v my tnh ca bn nn mc nh nh vy th tt hn.
Sai do p dng nh mc n gi khng ng

- p dng nh mc, n gi khng ph hp vi yu cu k thut c ch nh
trong thit k:
V d 1: B tng yu cu l Mc #300, xi mng PC40, tuy nhin c th v tnh
bn tra thnh Mc #250, v c p dng m xi mng PC30
V d 2: Va xi mng ct vng M75#, c ngi tra thnh va tng hp Mc #75
hoc va xi mng ct mn Mc #75...
- S dng nh mc, n gi khng ph hp vi c im c th tng cng trnh:
V d 3: Khi lng o mng l ln, thm ch p dng o ao khong vi
nghn m3, vy m c p m o bng th cng. Va khng thc t, va knh gi tr
d ton ln hng trm triu.
- Tnh trng lp n gi, bn c th tnh 1 cng tc thnh 2 - 3 cng tc m khng
bit n ang trng lp.
V d 4: Trong cng tc lp ngi 22 vin/1m2 (cho bit th), trong c
ngi, nhng vn c ngi tnh tip cng tc mua v vn chuyn ngi.
- Tnh thiu n gi, bn c th b st nhng cng tc m r rng trong thc t
khng th khng c c.
V d 5: Cng tc dm sn bng b tng thng phm, nh l cn cng tc
sn xut v vn chuyn b tng y nh! (3 m hiu ring bit).
- Do thiu nh mc n gi, p dng vn dng dn n sai st:
Tnh trng ny kh ph bin, do mt s cng tc khng c nh mc ngi ta
thng vn dng, hoc c nh mc nhng khng c n gi, t xy dng n gi v
c nhng sai st nht nh:
150

V d 6: Khi p dng 1 s m vn chuyn vc b vt t, vt liu, ngi ta p
dng m vt t m XP.xxxx (chng 10) - nh mc sa cha 1778, tuy nhin do
cha hiu ht bn cht, vn dng v c ly khng ng dn n sai v cch tnh.
V d 7: Hin c nh mc sa cha, tuy nhin n gi li cha c ban
hnh, nh vy ngi lp d ton phi xy dng n gi sa cha da trn bng gi
nhn cng, my thi cng v cng b gi vt liu ca a phng c. Qu trnh ny
khng d dng, nu khng c kinh nghim v c v p dng nh mc s dn n
nhiu sai st.
Sai st khi tnh khi lng

- Tnh thiu hoc tha khi lng t bn v: V d: Do bn v v i xng,
thng k thp mt na, dn n khi lng b tng, thp hay cp pha cng c mt
na. Li ny thng do ngi lp d ton cha chuyn nghip trong vic c bn v.
- Tnh tha hoc thiu giao cc kt cu.
- C khi lng cho cng tc gia cng, sn xut (ca, kt cu thp vv...) nhng
li khng c m cho cng tc lp dng.
- B st (khng tnh) 1 s khi lng xy lp.
V d 1: Thit k yu cu c sn, b, nhng tnh ch c sn; Thit k yu cu c
s dng sika chng thm cho b nc nhng li qun tnh vv...
Gp chung khi lng cc loi kt cu trong cng mt loi cng tc khng
ng yu cu k thut.
V d 2: Nhiu ngi coi vic p dng m hiu mng v ging mng l ging
nhau nn gp lm 1, hoc p chung m vch thang my vi ct lm 1 m hiu.
Sai st khi p dng cc h s iu chnh

p dng khng ng cc quy nh iu chnh n gi hoc tng khon mc chi
ph ca n gi trong d ton: Khi p dng nh mc, thng c cc h s iu chnh
km theo do iu kin thi cng khc nhau i vi vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng.
a phn ngi lp d ton hin nay p dng phn mm m t ngi chu kh c
nh mc n gi nn rt d b nhm, y thc s l mt iu cn lu tm i vi
ngi lm d ton.
Cha hoc cp nht sai cc thay i ch chnh sch nh nc, c bit l v
tin lng, t c cc hng dn iu chnh d ton. Ngi lm d ton cng cn
lu n h s iu chnh p dng cho tng vng, cho tng n gi (c nhng n
gi xy dng theo mc lng ti thiu khng ng nh mc vn dng iu chnh ph
bin, v d: hin nay H Tnh, Ph Th xy dng n gi 2008 vi mc lng
540.000 ng. Tuy nhin nhiu ngi vn nhm tng 450.000 ng v iu chnh
cc thng s khng ph hp.
151

Lu n mt s h s m t khi xut hin: H s iu chnh vt liu; h s
iu chnh nhn cng theo ph cp khu vc, ph cp lm m ,ph cp c hi vv....;
Hoc h s iu chnh chi ph chung ni cng trnh thi cng trong iu kin kh
khn, c bit vv....
Nhng sai st khc

- Sai phng php tnh b chnh lch chi ph vt liu trong d ton.
- Tha chi ph di chuyn thit b thi cng.
- Thiu chi ph di chuyn ln thit b v lc lng thi cng trong d ton xy lp
mt s cng trnh quy m ln, k thut phc tp ch c lc lng chuyn nghnh mi
m nhn c.
- Ch nh ngun cung mt s loi vt liu, bn thnh phm khng hp l, xa ri
thc tin lm tng chi ph vn chuyn (va b tng thng phm, b tng at phan, ct
nn, ph thi, ...).
Kt lun
T kt qu tng hp, thng k trn y c th thy rng: nng cao cht lng
vic xc nh gi d ton cng trnh xy dng th vic hn ch cc sai st nu trn l
rt cn thit v l yu cu t ra trc ht vi cc nh t vn thit k - d ton
gip cho Ch u t v th na l cc c quan c thm quyn ca nh nc trong
vic quy nh cc ch chnh sch v gi, cc nguyn tc, phng php v c s
lp gi d ton cng trnh xy dng.
7. Cu hi 7
Phn mm D ton GXD c rt nhiu lnh, nt lnh v h thng sheet, vi
nhng ngi va mi bt u tip xc cm thy bi ri, khng bit bt u t u.
lm 1 bn d ton hon chnh trn phn mm th cn theo nhng bc c bn
no?
Tr li:
Khi lm d ton chuyn nghip, bn s thy khng th thiu bt k thnh phn
no trn D ton GXD. V c bn th lp d ton vi phn mm D ton GXD rt
n gin, ch l: 1. M file; 2. Nhp cc nh mc t l; 3. Tra m n gi cho cng
vic; 4. Chy lnh Tnh ton b d ton; 5. Nhp gi vt liu, nhn cng, my vo l
c bn xong.
Tuy nhin, cng vic lp d ton cc cng trnh a dng, phc tp, rt nhiu
tnh hung phi chnh sa, thm bt v thi quen, yu cu ca ngi s dng ti cc
cng ty, d n l khc nhau. Cng c nhiu thao tc lp i lp li. Cho nn phn mm
a thm cc lnh, cc la chn by cc tnh hung m ngi ta hay gp phi,
nu bn gp tnh hung tng t th thi gian x l l ngn nht, thao tc x l v
cng sc b cng t nht m kt qu th tt nht.
152

Vic trong cc phn mm GXD c nhiu sheet ngi mi bt u tng l ri,
nhng thc ra l u im tuyt vi, bi cc bng tnh c thit k nm ngay
trong 1 khung nhn, c kch vo tn sheet l thy d liu. Ngi s dng nhiu s
thy khng mt nhiu cng sc cun tm thng tin, d liu ca mnh.
Cc bc lp d ton trn phn mm D ton GXD thng thng nh sau:
Cc bc lm la chn 1 S dng n gi a phng b chnh lch trc tip
vt liu, nhn cng, my:
Bc 1: M phn mm, lu file (.xlsm hoc .xls)
Bc 2: Chn c s d liu (Chn CSV a phng cn lp d ton)
Bc 2:Tra m, chnh sa ni dung cng vic (nu cn), nhp khi lng.
Bc 3: La chn phng php lp d ton (phng php 1).
Bc 4: Chit tnh n gi cc cng tc
Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 1.Chit tnh n gi/ 1. Bng chit tnh n gi
Bc 5: Tng hp chnh lch vt t xy dng.
Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 2. Tng hp v chnh lch vt t.
Bc 6: B gi vt t
+ Gi vt liu: c nhp ti bng Tng hp v chnh lch vt t (trng hp
s dng bng Gi vt liu n hin trng xy dng th thao tc ti sheet Gi vt liu
VLHT sau kt ni sang bng Tng hp v chnh lch).
+ Gi nhn cng, my thi cng quay v sheet Ts nhp cc thng s u vo,
sau kt xut bng gi nhn cng v my thi cng.
Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 4. Tnh gi nhn cng/ 1. Bng gi nhn cng
Chi ph xy dng/ 5. Tnh gi ca my/ 1. Bng gi ca my mi (ty chn 1 trong
3 cch iu chnh)
Bc 7: Kim tra kt qu nhn c, sau cn chnh in n, sp xp h s.
Cc bc lm theo la chn 2 S dng n gi a phng b chnh lch trc
tip vt liu, h s iu chnh nhn cng, my
Vi phng php 2 ny th cch thao tc t bc 1 bc 5 hon ton tng t
nh phng php 1. Cc bn lu t bc 6 nh sau:
Bc 6: B gi vt t
+ Vt liu: Gi c nhp ti bng Tng hp v chnh lch vt t
+ Nhn cng, my thi cng nhp cc h s iu chnhsheet Ts tin hnh iu
chnh chi ph.
Cc bc lm theola chn3 v 4 S dng n gi cng trnhni gi vt t t
bng tng hp hoc bng gi tr vt t
153

Bc 1: M phn mm, lu file (.xlsm hoc .xls)
Bc 2: Chn c s d liu (Chn CSV mt a phng bt k)
Bc 2:Tra m, chnh sa ni dung cng vic (nu cn), nhp khi lng.
Bc 3: La chn phng php lp d ton (la chn3 hoc 4).
Bc 4: Chit tnh n gi cc cng tc
Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 1.Chit tnh n gi/ 1. Bng chit tnh n gi
Bc 5: Tnh bng gi tr vt t
Thao tc:Chi ph xy dng/ 2. Tng hp v chnh lch vt thoc 6. Tnh bng
gi tr vt t
Hai la chn ny khng cho kt qu d ton khc nhau, ch l bn nhp d liu
vo bng no phc v cp liu (ni sang) cho tnh ton n gi thi.
Bc 6: iu chnh gi vt t
+ Gi vt liu: c nhp ti bng gi tr vt t hoc bng tng hp chnh lch.
+ Gi nhn cng, my thi cng bn nhp cc thng s u vo sheet Ts, sau
tnh cc bng gi nhn cng v my thi cng a vo tnh n gi.
Thao tc: Chi ph xy dng/ 4. Tnh gi nhn cng/ 1. Bng gi nhn cng
Chi ph xy dng/ 5. Tnh gi ca my/ 1. Bng gi ca my mi (ty chn 1 trong
3 cch iu chnh)
8. Cu hi 8
Vi s lng m hiu s bao gm nhiu cng tc, vic la chn c m
hiu d ton ph hp l khng h n gin, vy tra nhanh, chnh xc cc m d
ton cc u vic d ton ta cn phi trang b nhng g?
Tr li:
Thng thng, tin lng s c nhng u vic ging vi tn cng vic c
trong nh mc n gi, v d B tng trn bng my trn th cng, b tng dm
mc 250, 1x2; tuy nhin c nhng trng hp cng ghi rt ngn gn B tng
dm, mc 250, 1x2. Vic tra m d ton vi ngi c t nht 3-4 ln lm d
ton l kh n gin, tuy nhin vi nhng ngi mi, c bit l tn k s mi ra
trng cng c nhng lng tng nht nh, vy cch no gip ta tra m nhanh nht l
g? Xin a ra y 1 vi k nng c bn sau:
- Cn c vo quy cch cng vic:
+ V tr thi cng: Trn cn hay di nc
+ Hnh dng: Vung, ch nht, trn
+ Kch thc
+ Cu kin ang lp d ton l g
154

+ C th cn c vo mc b tng, cp t .
- Cn c vo cc tp nh mc do B Xy dng ban hnh:
Trong cc tp ny c y cc chng ghi r tn cc u vic ln trong
cng trnh xy dng, t va tra va nh, v d: Cng tc o t bt u vi m
hiu AB.; B tng, ct thp, vn khun l AF., Xy l AE.; Lin quan ti cu
kin c sn c th l AG. Sau li tip tc nh k hn vi AF1 n AF5 l b
tng, AF.6-7 l Thp, AF.8 l Vn khun,Vic chun b sn 1 tp nh mc hin
ti cn rt t sinh vin mi ra trng lm, l do n gin l phn mm d ton by
gi rt hin i.
- Da vo s tra cu thun li ca phn mm D ton GXD:
Trong M hiu n gi (sheet D ton XD), cc bn ch cn g tng+ct,
lp tc cc cng tc c tn b tng ct s hin ra. Tng t cho cc cng tc cn
li, vic tra t kha khng cn phi qu phc tp, cc t kha cng ngn, ni dung
cng ni bt, cc t kha cng t th ni dung xut hin c gii hn v vic la
chn cc cng vic s hiu qu hn vv
- T lp ra mt b lc trong u t kha c mt s la chn nhanh nht
V d: Vi tn cng vic Trt g ch pho, ch cn g t pho, s la chn
s nhanh hn nu bn c g l trt. Tng t vi cng tc sn xut ca hoa st
vung c, bn g t vung c s tt hn l g nhng t nh ca hay sn
xut, hoc cng tc b tng gch v lt mng, 4x6, va XM #100, t kha c
th l tng+v vv Lu hn ch g ton b c cm t tn u vic, v nh th
xc sut tm thy m hiu s b gim xung.
9. Cu hi 9
Cu hi: Ngi lm k ton xy dng c v s dng cc thng tin trong bng
d ton nh th no?
Tr li:
Nhiu bn k ton ni n c d ton l ngi, thc t li tht n gin. Chng
ta ch cn quan tm n trong quyn d ton dy cp v kh hiu y Bng d ton
kinh ph thc hin thi. Theo ch c phn Chi ph trc tip c 4 phn nh v phn
chi ph chung, chnh l 4 ti khon m cc bn cn tp hp (TK 621, 622, 623, 627),
ct gi tr l con s lun lun khng c vt qua v vt qua l l. Bn cnh
phn chi ph thu cng l iu cc bn cn quan tm (xem phn sau).
Di y l mt bng d ton lp bng phn mm D ton GXD m hp ng
thi cng xy dng thng c km theo:
155

- Chng ta (nhn vin k ton) quan tm n bng ny u tin, sau mi n

chi tit tng th trong cc bng chi tit (nu cn)
- Vi s liu bng trn th cng trnh ny c gi tr sn lng s t c l
54.927.270 ng ( c thu GTGT) v 49.439.487 ng (gi cha thu GTGT).
- Ni n thu GTGT trc: S tin thu GTGT trn 4.943.949 l s tin n v
phi np cho c quan thu sau khi cng trnh hon thnh v xut ha n. Tuy nhin
cng t cng trnh ny chng ta ch ly v cha n 50% s thu GTGT u vo
b tr. V nhiu hot ng khng c thu u vo nh nhn cng, i khi chi ph vt
liu cng l ha n trc tip. Do c th tm coi s 50% cn li kia l chi ph
doanh nghip phi chu.
- Vic k ton phi lm l xc nh t l % cc loi chi ph xy dng mc tiu
x l chi ph cho chnh hp ng ny trong qu trnh/tin th cng.
+ Chi ph vt liu: 67 % (cch tnh: 36.766.544/54.927.270x100)
+ Tng t chi ph nhn cng l 9,8 %
+ .v.v.
- S liu ny ghi vo bng D BO CHNG T CHI PH theo di chi ph
x l phc v vic xc nh doanh thu:
Chi tit d bo chi ph cho Cng trnh, v vic:..
156

VT: 1.000
K.LNG
N GI
THNH TIN
TN CNG
TT VIC, VT T VT Thc D Chnh Thc D Chnh
D Chnh
Thc
t
HAO PH
t ton Lch
t ton Lch
ton Lch
Vt liu
1
36.767
Ha
n ly
v
2 Nhn cng
3 My thi cng
4
Cng chi
trc tip
5.372
.v.v
ph
5 Chi ph chung
6
TN chu
tnh trc
thu
Chi ph xy lp
TT
8 Thu GTGT
9 n gi sau thu
K ton cp nht thng xuyn trn c s cc ha n v sp a v. Trc
khi xut ha n cho khch hng hoc khi nghim thu ton b cng trnh/ tng hng
mc (nu theo di theo hng mc) nht nh phi cp nht c bng trn v chnh
l s hp l ca chng t chi ph, hay gi thnh sn phm xy lp t n mc no,
li hay l .v.v.
T bng tnh t l trn k ton phi hp vi cc b phn xc nh mc tiu thu
nhn cng ngoi hay s dng nhn cng ca n v, mua vt liu ca n v no, bao
nhiu v tin cung cp, lc ny mi cn c vo bng tip theo di y kim
sot vic mua vt t, thu nhn cng .v.v
157

Trng hp cc hp ng thi cng khng c d ton (sau khi lin lc vi

Ch u t hoc nh thu chnh) th b phn k thut s lp khi ton chi ph thi cng
cho cng trnh nh bng trn. K ton cn c vo bng ghi chp s liu lp bo
co chi ph.
Gii p cu hi ny, tham kho t bi vit ca 1 chuyn gia v k ton trn
trang TAVA.
10. Cu hi 10
Em ang lm d ton cho 1 cng trnh thnh ph H Ch Minh. Yu cu s
dng n gi mi nht. Nhng em ch thy UBND thnh ph H Ch Minh ban hnh
b n gi xy dng c bn khu vc TP.HCM (Phn xy dng v phn lp t) theo
quyt nh s 104/2006/Q-UBND ngy 14/07/2006.
Ngy 18/03/2014, S Xy dng tp. H Ch Minh c vn bn s 2112/SXDKTXD cng b iu chnh thc hin n gi xy dng c bn (phn xy dng v
phn lp t khu vc thnh ph H Ch Minh) cho ph hp h thng nh mc xy
dng c bn hin hnh.
Nh vy, khi lp d ton c cc ni dung cng vic c cng b theo cc
quyt nh s 1091/Q-BXD, 1172/Q-BXD v 1173/Q-BXD cc n v t vn
cn lm quen vi vic n gi s 104/2006/Q-UBND s khng cn p dng na.
Thay vo phi s dng nh mc ca B Xy dng lp d ton theo phng
php n gi xy dng cng trnh. Trong d liu csv Hochiminh2006 khng c n
gi cho phn sa cha, em phi lm th no?
Tr li:
1) Bn vo din n DutoanGXD.vn ti d liu mi nht ti ng link:
158

http://dutoangxd.vn/showthread.php?t=106118
2) Bn tham kho video cp n vn bn s 2112/SXD-KTXD ti link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4Os2_KZfrE
11. Cu hi 11
Ti thy phn mm D ton GXD v cc phn mm GXD nhiu sheet kh ri.
C th bt i c khng?
Tr li:
Bn c thch bng - nh nhanh, 1 chm khng?
Khi lm nhiu bn mi thy khng th thiu mt loi d liu no trong D ton
GXD xc nh ra 1 bn d ton hon chnh. Ngi chuyn nghip, nhiu kinh
nghim, chuyn lm cc d n ln mi hiu v thch thit k nhiu sheet ca D ton
GXD v cc phn mm GXD. V ch cn kch 1 nht vo tn sheet l thy d liu.
iu ny ging nh 1 chm vy, nht l khi in cng thy sng. Khng phi cun
bng tnh nhiu, khng r dt nhiu, dt im n bn lun. Ch c tri nghim nhiu
mi cm nhn c ci gi ca s tinh t ny.
159

TI LIU THAM KHO

- Thng t s 04/2010/TT-BXD ngy 26/5/2010 ca B Xy dng hng dn
lp v qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh.
- Thng t s 06/2010/TT-BXD ngy 26/5/2010 ca B Xy dng hng dn
phng php xc nh gi ca my v thit b thi cng xy dng cng trnh.
- Quyt nh 957/Q-BXD ngy 29/9/2009 v vic Cng b nh mc chi ph
Qun l d n v Chi ph t vn u t xy dng cng trnh.
- Cc tp nh mc do B Xy dng cng b theo cc cng vn s 1776/BXDVP, s 1777/BXD-VP,
- Gio trnh hng dn s dng D ton GXD9 Plus, tc gi ThS Nguyn Th
Anh v tp th ng nghip ti GXD.
- Cc cng b gi mi nht ca Lin s Ti chnh Xy dng ca cc a
phng c s dng trong ti liu.
- Gi nhin liu, nng lng mi nht ti trang petrolimex.com.vn, evn.com.vn.
- Phng php lp d ton xy dng cng trnh, tc gi ThS Nguyn Th Anh.
- Gio trnh o to o bc khi lng, lp d ton Ti liu dng cho lp o
bc khi lng, lp d ton do Cng ty Gi Xy Dng t chc, tc gi ThS Nguyn
Th Anh.
- Gio trnh o to nghip v nh gi dng ca Cng ty Gi Xy Dng.
- Mt s ti liu khc ca cc ging vin ca Cng ty Gi Xy Dng, din n
http://giaxaydung.vn/diendan.
160

CC BN TM C
1. Gio trnh hng dn lp d ton, tc gi Nguyn Th Anh
Link ti: http://giaxaydung.com/giao-trinh-lap-du-toan-va-cac-tai-lieu-huong-danlap-du-toan-cong-trinh
2. Hng dn s dng phn mm D ton GXD 9s
Link: http://dutoangxd.vn/showthread.php?t=106135
3. Hng dn lp d ton theo n gi a phng ti thnh ph H Ni nm 2014
Link ti (3 ti liu c link ti bi vit):
http://www.giaxaydung.vn/diendan/showthread.php?t=166388
4. Phng php o bc khi lng s dng phn mm D ton GXD Version 3, tc
gi Nguyn Th Anh
Link ti: http://giaxaydung.com/huong-dan-do-boc-khoi-luong-xay-dung-congtrinh
5. Trang video hng dn s dng phn mm D ton GXD
http://youtube.com/giaxaydung
6. Trang tra cu hng dn s dng phn mm D ton GXD online
http://DutoanGXD.com
161

LI NHN
Qu trnh thc hin vit cc bi tp khng trnh khi c nhng sai st, rt
mong nhn c cc kin phn hi ca cc hc vin, ging vin, bn b ng
nghip trn c nc nhng pht hnh sau c hon thin v y hn.Mi
ng gp kin cng nh ng k mua phn mm D ton GXD bn quyn, xin
gi v:
-Mail:daotao@giaxaydung.com - phanmem@giaxaydung.com
- Hotline: Ms Thu An 0985099938 0975.381.900
Nhm tc gi thc hin:
Chu trch nhim chnh: Th.s Nguyn Th Anh
Bin tp ni dung:
Ks.Phm Vn Thng
Cng tp th ng nghip trong Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng!
CHC CC BN THNH CNG TRONG HC TP CNG NH TRONG

CNG VIC VI NGI BN NG HNH L PHN MMD TON GXD.
162

GXD - VN Tuyen Tap BT Thuc Hanh DutoanGXD 5.10.2014

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Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

CHNG 2. BI TP TNG HP T THC HNH................................................................. 127

CHNG 3. MT S TNH HUNG HI P ............................................................................ 141

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

TI LIU THAM KHO ..................................................................................................................... 160

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

CCH S DNG TI LIU

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

CHNG 1. BI TP THC HNH O BC KHI LNG,

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Cch 2: Vo menu Start ca Windows sau chn All programs / Du toan

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.1 Giao din phn mm nhn c

Hnh 1.2 Thng tin chung v cng trnh

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.4 Lu file d ton

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.5 Lnh Chn c s d liu

Hnh 1.6 Chn c s d liu

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.7 Hng dn tra m

Hnh 1.8 Hp thoi chn m hiu

Hnh 1.9 M hiu, ni dung cng tc th nht

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.10 Nhp khi lng tnh ton cng tc th nht

Hnh 1.11 Bng d ton chi ph xy dng

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.12 Lnh thc hin cc ty chn

Hnh 1.13 Chn phng php lp d ton

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.14 Lnh chit tnh n gi

Hnh 1.15 Bng chit tnh n gi cng tc th 2

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.16 Lnh tng hp v chnh lch vt t

Kt qu thu c ti sau khi Tng hp vt t:

Hnh 1.17 Bng tng hp v chnh lch vt t

Tnh chnh lch gi vt liu:

Sau khi b gi vt liu ta c bng:

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.18 - B gi vt liu

B/tr chnh lch gi nhn cng:

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.20 Cc thng s v tin lng, ph cp

Hnh 1.19 Tnh bng gi nhn cng

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

2.4.9. Bc 9: Kim tra kt qu v link kt ni

Hnh 1.21 Gi vt liu, nhn cng ti thi im lp d ton

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 1.22 Bng tng hp d ton chi ph xy dng

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Ks Trnh Th Quyt, Cng ty CP XD v T H Ni, Cng ty CP t

II. BI TP 2: O BC KHI LNG, LP D TON H MNG N

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 2.1 Hp thoi chn c s d liu

Hnh 2.2 Cc thng tin chung v cng trnh

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn

Hnh 2.4 Tra m cho cng tc th nht

Cng ty C phn Gi Xy Dng www.giaxaydung.vn www.dutoangxd.vn