a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL ljw]os, @)&! df g]kfn a}+s/ P;f]l;P;gsf ;'emfjx?

ldlt @)&!.)^.)% df g]kfn a}+s/ P;f]l;P;g -Pg=lj=P=_ af6 a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL ljw]os, @)&! df ug'{kg]{ ;+zf]wgx?sf] af/]df cy{
dGqfnosf ;lrjHo" tyf g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] ue{g/Ho" ;dIf lj:t[t ;+zf]wg ;'emfjx? k]z ul/Psf] lyof] . tTkZrft\ g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 kl/dfh{g ul/Psf]
elgPsf] pQm kl/dflh{t ljw]osdf gofF Joj:yfx? ;d]t yk ul/Psf] tyf Pg=lj=P=n] k]z u/]sf cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ ;'emfjx? ;d]t ;Daf]wg gePsf]
kfOPsf]n] k|:t't ;'emfjdf cTofjZos !) j6f ;+zf]wg k|:tfjx? dfq ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
qm=;+= k|:tfljt ljw]ossf] Joj:yf

z]o/ :jfdLTj ;DaGwL

!

k|:tfljt ljw]osdf Pg=lj=P]=sf] ;+zf]wgsf] ;+zf]wg ug'{kgf{sf] sf/0f

k|:tfj

bkmf #M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf

-#_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ jf
;f]df s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] nufgL ug{ ;Sg] z]o/
k'FhLsf] k|ltzt /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f
u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

bkmf #M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf

z]o/ :jfdLTjsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ug]{
pkbkmf -#_ nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd ;+zf]wg ug]{ M
;DaGwL Joj:yf bkmf $) df ePsf]n] ;f]xL
-#_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP adf]lhd pNn]v ug{ pko'Qm ePsf]n] .
tfklg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ jf
;f]df s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] nufgL ug{ ;Sg]
z]o/ k'FhLsf] k|ltzt bkmf $) df pNn]v eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .

bkmf $)M k"FhL sfod /fVg'kg]{M

bkmf $)M k"FhL sfod /fVg'kg]{

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] nufgL / k]zf Joj;fo

-#_ /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] pkbkmf-#_ sf] ;6\6fdf b]xfosf] pkbkmf -#_ ;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ df}lns xssf] ?kdf
Joj:yf u/]sf]n] nufgL ;Ldf ;DaGwL
s'g} Ps a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf] a9Ldf /fVg]M
!% k|ltzt;Dd dfq nufgL ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{ -#_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] s'g} Ps a}+s Joj:yf lgodgsf/L lgsfon] geO{
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k'FhLsf] a9Ldf !% ljwflosff/f lgdf{0f ePsf] P]gn] g}
;Sg]5 .
k|ltzt;Dd dfq nufgL ug{ kfpg]5 .
lgwf{/0f ug{ pko'Qm ePsf]n] .

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^#

pkbkmf -%_ kl5 pkbkmf ^ yk ug]{M
adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf nufgL
-^_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP u/]sf ljb]zL ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf] bkmf ^
tfklg o; of] P]g k|f/De x'g'eGbf klxn] g} g]kfn tyf bkmf $) sf] Joj:yf nfu" gx'g] u/L
/fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf 5'6 lbg Jofjxfl/s ePsf]n] .

nufgL ug]{ ljb]zL ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] xsdf bkmf ^

tyf of] bkmf $) sf] pkbkmf -#_, -$_ / -%_ sf
Joj:yfx? nfu" x'g] 5}gg\ .
;+:yfks z]o/sf] sf/f]af/ tyf dtflwsf/ ;DaGwdf
@

bkmf !!M z]o/ dtflwsf/, z]o/ laqmL jf

lwtf]aGws ug{] ;DaGwdf M
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfksn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] ldltn]
kfFr jif{ k'u]kl5 / ;j{;fwf/0fdf z]o/ hf/L
u/]kl5 cfgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf
lwtf]aGws /fVg rfx]df /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] zt{
jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf] z]o/ laqmL ug{
jf lwtf]aGws /fVg ;Sg]5 . To;/L ;+:yfksn]
ljqmL u/]sf] z]o/ ;+:yfks ;d"xdf g} /xg] 5 .

bkmf !!=
z]o/ dtflwsf/, z]o/ laqmL jf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg,
lwtf]aGws ug{] ;DaGwdf M
;+rfng tyf lgoGq0fdf pNn]Vo :jfdLTj
x'g] ;+:yfks / z]o/wgL afx]s cGo
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfksn] a}+s jf ;+:yfksx?sf] pNn]Vo e"ldsf g/xg] x'Fbf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] ldltn] o:tf ;+:yfksx?sf] z]o/ x:tfGt/0fdf
kfFr jif{ k'u]kl5 / ;j{;fwf/0fdf z]o/ hf/L /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[tL cfjZos gkg]{ Joj:yf
u/]kl5 cfgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf ug'{ Jofjxfl/s / cf}lrTok"0f{ x'g] .
lwtf]aGws /fVg rfx]df /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[tL
lnO{ To:tf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGwsdf
/fVg ;Sg]5 . t/, r'Qmf k"FhLsf] % -kfFr_

k|ltzt eGbf sd z]o/ lng] ;+:yfks jf

z]o/wgLn] cfgf] z]o/ ljqmL jf lwtf]df /fVbf
/fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .

-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf

;+:yfksn] z]o/wgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef jf a}7sdf
dtflwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf]
s'n ;+:yfks z]o/dWo] lwtf]aGws /fv]sf] z]o/
s6fO{ afFsL c+zsf] dfq dtflwsf/ k|of]u ug{
kfpg]5 .

pkbkmf -$_ nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd ;+zf]wg ug]{M

z]o/ lwtf]aGws /fv]sf] sf/0fn] dtflwsf/
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;Lldt ug]{ Joj:yf a]d'gfl;a ePsf]n] .
;+:yfsf ;+:yfksn] z]o/wgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef jf
a}7sdf dtflwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ cfkm\gf] t/ C0f /sd glt/]sf] cj:yfdf eg]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] s'n ;+:yfks z]o/sf cfwf/df ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cg'/f]wdf
dtflwsf/ k|of]u ug{ kfpg]5 .
dtflwsf/ k|of]u ug{af6 /f]s nufpg]
t/ s'g} ;+:yfksn] cfkm\gf] gfdsf] z]o/ Joj:yf ug{ pko'Qm ePsf]n] . o:t} Joj:yf
lwtf]aGws /fvL s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf &)-%_ df ;d]t
C0f lnPsf]df pQm z]o/sf] dtflwsf/sf] /x]sf] .

k|of]udf /f]s nufpg ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo

;+:yfaf6 n]vL k7fPdf To:tf] C0f /sd r'Qmf
gu/];Dd lgh ;+:yfksn] lwtf]aGws /flvPsf]
z]o/sf] xb;Dd dtflwsf/ k|of]u ug{ kfpg]5}g
.
-%_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/ s'g}
sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] lnPsf] cj:yfdf
To:tf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] pNn]Vo
:jfldTj ePsf z]o/wgLx?df x]/km]/, z]o/ ljqmL
jf x:tfGt/0f ug{' cl3 /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt
lng' kg{]5 .

-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/ s'g}

sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] lnPsf] cj:yfdf
To:tf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] pNn]Vo
:jfldTj ePsf z]o/wgLx?df x]/km]/, z]o/
ljqmL jf x:tfGt/0f ug{' cl3 /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{
:jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 . t/, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg,

;+rfng tyf lgoGq0fdf pNn]Vo :jfdLTj
x'g] ;+:yfks / z]o/wgL afx]s cGo
;+:yfksx?sf] pNn]Vo e"ldsf g/xg] x'Fbf
o:tf ;+:yfksx?sf] z]o/ x:tfGt/0fdf
/fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[tL cfjZos gkg]{ Joj:yf
r'Qmf k"FhLsf] % -kfFr_ k|ltzt eGbf sd ug'{ Jofjxfl/s / cf}lrTok"0f{ x'g] .
;+:yfks z]o/ sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn]
lnPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t
;+:yfsf] z]o/wgLx?df x]/km]/, z]o/ ljqmL jf
x:tfGt/0f ug{' cl3 /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt
lng' kg{]5}g .

;+rfns tyf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] of]Uotf / cof]Uotf ;DaGwL Joj:yf

3

!%= ;~rfnssf] kbfjlwM -!_ ;~rfnssf] kbfjlw

lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd a9Ldf rf/
jif{sf] x'g]5 / lgh k'gM Ps sfo{sfnsf] nflu
lgo'lQm jf dgf]lgt eO{ nuftf/ b'O{ sfo{sfn;Dd
dfq sfod /xg ;Sg]5 .
t/, bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds
jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm
ePsf] ;~rfns jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd
dfq cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .

bkmf !*M ;+rfnssf] cof]UotfM-!_ a}+s jf ljQLo bkmf !*M ;+rfnssf] cof]UotfM
;+:yfsf] ;~rfns x'g b]xfosf] JolQm of]Uo x'g] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -8_ / -b_ x6fpg] .
5}gM
-8_ s'g} kmd{ sDkgLdf krf; k|ltzt eGbf a9L
z]o/ :jfldTj eO{ pQm kmd{ sDkgLn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu Jofj;flos shf{ lnO{ pBf]u,
Joj;fo tyf Jofkf/df ;+nUg /x]sf],
-b_ cGo lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] sf/afxLdf k/]sf] .

Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{sf nflu a}+ls shf{

tyf ;'ljwf cTofjZos x'g] / To:tf] shf{
;'ljwf lnPsf] sf/0fn] s'g} klg a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns x'g gkfpg]
Joj:yf ug'{ sfg'g ljk/Lt x'g] .

@*=sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm / ;]jfsf] zt{M

-$_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kbfjlw a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf]
x'g]5 / Ps k6ssf nflu lghsf] k'glg{o'lQm x'g
;Sg]5 .
t/, ;ldltn] lghsf] sfo{;Dkfbg ;Gtf]ifhgs
gePdf ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;Sg]5 .

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] sfo{;Dkfbg

;+rfns ;ldlt tyf ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 x'g]
ePsf]n] tyf ;+rfns ;ldltn] cfjZostf
cg';f/ kbd'Qm ug{ ;Sg] g} ePsf]n] Ps
k6s eGbf a9L ;f]xL a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t lgo'Qm x'g
gkfpg] k|ltaGw a]d'gfl;a ePsf]n]
x6fpg'kg]{ .

shf{ c;'nL
^

!%=;~rfnssf] kbfjlwM -!_ ;~rfnssf] kbfjlw a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf nufgLstf{nfO{
lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd a9Ldf rf/ sDkgLsf] ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkgdf
jif{sf] x'g]5 / lgh k'gM lgo'Qm jf dgf]lgt x'g ;xefuL x'g aGb]h nufpg' ;DklQsf]
;Sg]5 .
k|of]u / Joj:yfjg ;DaGwL ;+ljwfg tyf
t/, bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds sfg'g k|bQ xssf] ljk/Lt x'g ePsf]n] .
jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm
ePsf] ;~rfns jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd
dfq cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .

@*= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm / ;]jfsf] zt{M

pkbkmf -$_ sf] ;6\6fdf b]xfosf] pkbkmf -$_
/fVg]M
-$_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kbfjlw a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf]
x'g]5 / lghsf] k'glg{o'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 .
t/, ;ldltn] lghsf] sfo{;Dkfbg ;Gtf]ifhgs
gePdf ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;Sg]5 .

lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] sf/afxLdf ;DaGwL

Joj:yf v08 -0f_ df ;dfj]z eO;s]sf] .

%$= shf{ c;"nL shf{ c;"nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M

shf{sf] nflu lbOPsf] lwtf] ljs|L u/L
;DaGwL Joj:yf M
bkmf %$ sf] pkbkmf !@ kl5 lgDg cg';f/sf] pkbkmf -!#_, -!$_, -!%_,- shf{sf] ;fFjf, Aofh c;"n ug]{ sf/jfxL z'?
4

!^_,-!&_ tyf -!*_ yk ug]{M

-!#_ shf{ ;+emf}tf jf zt{ sa'lnotsf] kfngf gu/]sf] jf lnvtsf]

efvfleq s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{ r'Qmf gu/]sf] eGg] ;d]t
cfwf/df pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ lwtf]sf] ;DklQ lnnfd ljs|L u/L jf cGo
Joj:yf u/L shf{sf] ;fFjf, Aofh jf cGo n]gf c;"n ug]{ sf/jfxL z'?
ug'{eGbf klxn] shf{ lbg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;DalGwt If]qsf lj1af6
lwtf]df /x]sf] ;DklQsf] d"Nof+sg u/fO{ o:tf] ;DklQsf] Go"gtd d"No Plsg
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!$_ pkbkmf !# cg';f/ Plsg ul/Psf] d"Nosf] af/]df ;DalGwt C0fL jf
lwtf]sf] ;DklQsf] dflnsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . o:tf] hfgsf/Lsf] ;"rgf
a'lem glnPdf jf C0fL jf lwtf]sf] ;DklQsf] dflns km]nf gk/]df /fli6o
:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L hfgsf/L u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-!%_ pkbkmf -!#_ cg';f/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] d"Nodf ;DalGwt C0fL jf
lwtf]sf] ;DklQsf] dflnsnfO{ lrQ ga'em] cfkm"n] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] d"No v'nfO{
;f] d"Nosf] %) /sd ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf w/f}6L /fvL pkbkmf
-!$_ cg';f/sf] ;"rgf k|fKt u/]sf] jf pQm ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sflzt
ePsf] #% lbgleq /fi6 a}+sdf ph'/L lbg ;Sg] 5 . o:tf] ph'/L pk/ /fi6
a}+sn] ph'/L k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] () lbg leq lg0f{o lbg' kg]{5 . lwtf]sf]
d"Nof+sgsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+ssf] cfjZos 5fgjLg u/L lg0f{o ug]{ / o:tf]
lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
t/, lwtf]sf] ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs lnnfd u/L ljqmL ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nfuL
;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L o:tf] ;'rgfsf] cfwf/df k|fKt ePsf sDtLdf
tLg k|:tfjsx?sf] jLrdf k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ lwtf]sf] ;DklQ ljqmL ul/Psf] eP
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/L / k|:tfjsx? jf k|:tfjsx?
aLr ldn]dtf] /x]sf] Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s Go"gtd d"No
eGbf sd d"Nodf lwtf]sf] ;DkQL lnnfd ljqmL ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df dfq
o:tf] lnnfd ljqmL ab/ x'g] 5}g .
-!^_ cGo k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 lnPsf] shf{sf] ;'/If0f jfkt s'g} rn crn ;DklQ lwtf]

eP kl5 lwtf]sf] d"Nof+sgsf] ljifodf

cgfjZos ljjfb p7fO{ cbfntx?df k|j]z
ug]{ / o; jf/]df cbfntx?af6 x'g]
cfb]zdf Ps ?ktf gePsf] / ;do
;dodf c;fGble{s cfb]z hf/L x'g]
sf/0faf6 shf{ c;"n ug'{ k/]sf] Jojxfl/s
;d:of x6fpg cfjZos ePsf] .
shf{ lnO{ pkef]u ug]{ t/ shf{sf] ;fFjf
Aofh ltg'{sf] ;f 3/ kl/jf/sf
JolQmx?af6 c+za08f nufotsf d'2fx?
cbfntdf bfo/ u/L lwtf] ljs|L u/L
shf{sf] ;fFjf Jofh c;"n ug]{ sfo{df
cgfjZos jfwf c8\rg v8f ug]{ / o;
ljifodf cbfntx?af6 hf/L x'g]
cfb]zx?df ;d]t Ps?ktf geO{
c;fGble{s cfb]z hf/L ug]{ u/fpg] k|j[lQ
/f]Sg cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf cfjZos
ePsf]n]

n]lv lbO{ o:tf] lnvt k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g cg';f/ /lhi6]zg ug'{kg]{ eP
;DalGwt lgsfodf /lhi6]zg kfl/t u/fO{ lnPsf]df o; bkmfdf Joj:yf eP
cg';f/ C0f c;"nLsf] k|s[of z'? ePkl5 pQm ;DklQsf c+lzof/ jf
xsbf/x?sf jLrdf s'g} c8\8f cbfntdf d'2f rn]sf] eGg] cfwf/af6 o;
bkmfdf pNn]lvt k|s[of cg';f/ lwtf]df /x]sf] ;DkQL lnnfd ljs|L nufot
cGo s'g} Joj:yf u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{sf] ;fFjf, Aofh jf cGo
n]gf c;"n pk/ u/L lng] sfo{ /f]Sg], :ylut ug]{ jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] afwf
lj/f]w ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-!&_ g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu b'O{ kIfLo jf ax'kIfLo ;DaGw :yfkgf ePsf
cGt/fli6o ;+3;+:yf, a}+s tyf sf]ifx?n] g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[tL lnO{
k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g cg';f/ g]kfndf ;+:yfkgf ePsf sDkgL tyf ;+ul7t
;+:yfx?nfO{ lbPsf] C0f c;"n ug]{ s|ddf pQm C0fsf] ;'/If0f jfkt lwtf]
lnP lbPsf] rn crn ;DklQ lnnfd jf cGo k|s[ofaf6 ljqmL ubf{ ;d]t
o; bkmfdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf nfu' x'g] 5 .
-!*_ cGo k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gdf h'g;'s} Joj:yf ul/Psf] ePtfklg s'g}
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} JolQm, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ lbPsf]
shf{sf] ;fFjf tyf Jofhsf] /sdsf] ;DaGwdf o:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfk\mgf] lgoldt sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf /fv]sf] clen]v jf vftfdf pNn]v
ul/Psf] ljj/0fdf s'g} oflGqs q'6L ePsf] jf ablgot ;fy tof/ ul/Psf]
eGg] Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft geP;Dd pQm ljj/0fnfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf lbOg]5 .
shf{ jf cGo a}ls ;'ljwf lng] JolQm jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ o:tf] ljj/0f
k|fKt eO{ oflGqs e"n ePsf] Joxf]/f ;Rofpg ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 klg o:tf] e"n g;RofPsf] jf ablgot ;fy
cfkm"Fn] lnPsf] shf{ / ltg{ a'emfpg kg]{ ;fFjf, Jofh jf cGo n]gfsf] ljj/0f
e'm7\7f tof/ u/] u/fPsf] eGg] nfu]df o:tf] ljj/0f k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] #)
lbg leq /fi6 a}{+sdf ph'/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . o; jf/]df /fi6 a}s+sf] lg0f{o
clGtd x'g]5 . /fi6 a}+sn] cGoyf cfb]z u/]s]f cj:yfdf afx]s a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lnO{ efvf leq o:tf] shf{sf] ;fjfF Jofh r'Qmf gug]{
C0fLn] x/lx;fa u/fO{ kfpF eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljjfb l;h{gf u/L lwtf]sf]
6

ljqmLaf6 shf{sf] ;fFjf, Jofh c;'n pk/ ug]{ u/fpg] k|s[of;Fu ;DaGWfLt
s'g} sfo{ /f]Sg jf s'g} Joxf]/fn] cj?4 ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
/fi6 a}+ssf] lgod ljlgod agfpg] clwsf/
&
bkmf !#!M lgod, ljlgod agfpg] tyf lgb]{zg
lbg] clwsf/M -!_ o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog ug{
/fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos b]v]sf s'g} klg laifodf
cfjZostf cg';f/ lgod jf ljlgod hf/L u/L
nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/, /fi6 a}+sn] agfPsf] lgod g]kfn ;/sf/af6
:jLs[t ePkl5 dfq nfu" x'g]5 .

bkmf !#$= o; P]g tyf /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd

x'g]M
-!_ cGo k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg o; P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L
ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf
zt{df n]lvPsf s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd / cGo
s'/fdf cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

bkmf !#!M lgod, ljlgod agfpg] tyf lgb]{zg lgodgsf/L lgsfoaf6 ;'Id Joj:yfkg lbg] clwsf/M -!_ o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ /fi6 dfOqmf] Dofg]hd]G6_ ;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf
a}+sn] cfjZos b]v]sf s'g} klg laifodf x:tIf]k x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgfnfO{ x6fpgsf nfuL
cfjZostf cg';f/ lgod jf ljlgod hf/L u/L
nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/,
-s_ /fi6 a}+sn] agfPsf] lgod g]kfn ;/sf/af6
:jLs[t ePkl5 dfq nfu" x'g]5 .
-v_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf sfd ug]{
sd{rf/Lx?sf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ug]{
ljifo / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] cfGtl/s
Joj:yfkg, Joj;flos lg0f{o nufot cGo ;'Id
Joj:yfkg -dfOqmf] Dofg]hd]G6_ ;Fu ;DaGwLt
ljifodf s'g} lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg, cfb]z hf/L
ul/g] jf s'g} zt{ tf]lsg] 5}g .
bkmf !$$ sf] Joj:yfdf b]xfo adf]lhd s]xL
kl/dfh{g ug{] M
-!_ cGo k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg o; P]gdf n]lvPsf s'/fdf ;f]xL
adf]lhd / cGo s'/fdf cGo k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .

of] Joj:yf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf]

bkmf !)( df ;dfg p2]Zo / k|of]hgsf]
nflu ul/Psf] Joj:yf cg's"n 5}g . /fi6
a}+s jf ;/sf/sf] cGo s'g} sfo{sf/L
lgsfon] agfO hf/L ul/Psf] lgod,
ljlgod, lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf zt{n] ;+;bn]
agfPsf] sfg"gsf] Joj:yfnfO{ sf6\g] Pj+
k|efjlxg agfpg ;Sb}g . ;+:fbn] agfPsf]
sfg"gsf] sfo{GjognfO{ k|efjlxg agfpg]
jf /f]Sg] k|j[lQ lg?:t;flxt ug{ .
7

ljljw
(=

bkmf *@M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] pkbkmf -@_ kl5 b]xfosf] pkbkmf -#_ yk ug]{
afWofTds vf/]hLM
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{

afWofTds vf/]hLdf n}hfg] lg0f{o u/]df afWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu

cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg'eGbf klxn] lgIf]kstf{x?n] lgIf]k aLdf jfkt
k|fKt ug{ kfpg] /sd e'QmfgL ug'{ egL ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do tf]sL lgb]{zg lbg]5 . /fi6 a}s+n]
tf]ssf] ;do leq ;DalGwt a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lgIf]kstf{x?n]
kfpg kg]{ pNn]lvt /sd e'Qmfg ug{ g;s]df lgIf]ksf] aLdf ug]{
jf aLdf ;'/If0f ug]{ lgsfoaf6 o:tf] /sd e'QmfgL u/fO{ o;
kl/R5]b cg';f/ To:tf] a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWoTds vf/]hLsf]
nflu /fi6 a}+sn]
cbfnt ;DfIf lgj]bg lbg]5 .

!)

bkmf !##M dWo:ytfM

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf aLrdf s'g}
lsl;dsf] ljjfb pTkGg ePdf /fi6
a}+sn] dWo:ytf ug]{5 . o:tf]
dWo:ytfsf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn]
lbPsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .

bkmf !## sf] ;6\6fdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] bkmf !## /fVg] .

ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL :yfoL ;ldltM

-!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf aLr pTkGg x'g] s'g} ljjfb jf of] P]g jf
g]kfn /fi6 a}+s @)%* cGtu{t /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]s]f s'g} lgb]{zg,
cfb]z jf dfu{ lgb]{zgaf6 s'g} JolQm, o; P]g cGtu{t Ohfht k|fKt
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] ljifosf] ph'/L pk/ ;'g'jfO{ u/L
lg0f{o ug{sf nflu g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL :yfoL
;ldlt u7g ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ u7g x'g] :yfoL ;ldltdf lgDg JolQmx?
/xg]5g\M
-s_ k"g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo Gofolwzsf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt
JolQmx? dWo]af6 Gofokl/ifbn] lgo'Qm u/]sf] JolQm cWoIf
-v_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 v_ jf v08 -u_ cg';f/ g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] ;+rfns ;ldltdf lgo'Qm
;+rfns dWo]af6 g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] ;+rfns ;ldltn] tf]s]s]f Pshgf
;+rfns ;b:o

lgIf]k aLdf jfktsf] /sd e'QmfgL

ugu/L afWofTds vf/]hLsf nflu
cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg] Joj:yf
ePdf lgIf]k aLdfsf] Jofjxfl/s
k|of]hg g} xfl;n gx'g] ePsf]n] .

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL

P]g, cGtu{t ljjfb ;dfwfgsf
nflu ljlzi6Ls[t ;+oGq gePsf]n]
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf /
u|fxsaLr pTkGg x'g] ljjfb tyf
/fi6 a}+ssf] lgodgsf/L sf/afxL
jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] kl/kq,
lgb]{zg jf dfu{bz{gaf6 dsf{
k/]sf] kIfn] pkrf/sf nflu
lgoldt cbfntdf k|j]z ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf ePsf] / lgoldt
cbfntsf] sfd sf/afxL tyf
km};nfdf Ps?ktf geO{ ;do
;d]t nfUg] ePsf]n] To:tf] ljjfb
;dfwfgsf nflu /fi6 a}+s
cGt/ut g} 5'} / ljlzi6Ls[t
:yfoL ;+oGq :yfkgf ug'{ cfjZos
8

-u_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] ;+rfns ;ldltdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uotf k'u]sf
JolQmx? dWo]af6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgo'Qm u/]sf] JolQm ;b:o
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ cGtu{t ul7t ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ePsf] ljjfb ;dfwfg
ug]{ sfo{ljlw dWo:ytf ;DaGwL k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] ;ldlt cfkm}Fn] to ug]{5 . ax'dtsf]
lg0f{onfO{ o:tf] ;ldltsf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 .
-$_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] lgodg ljefun] o; bkmf cGt{ut u7g x'g]
;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] ?kdf sfd ug]{5 .
-%_ o; P]g jf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g @)%* df ul/Psf] Joj:yf cGtu{t
cbfntdf k"g/fj]bg nfUg] ljifodf o; bkmf cg';f/ s'g} ph'/L lbg
kfOg] 5}g .
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaLr ljjfb pTkGg ePsf]df o:tf] ljjfb pTkGg
ePsf] ldltn] () lbg leq / cGo ljifodf ph'/L ug{ kg]{ cj:yf
pTkGg ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldt ;dIf bfjL jf
ph'/L btf{ ug'{kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltn] cfkmF" ;dIf
k]z ul/Psf] ljjfb jf ph'/Lsf] ljifodf ;dfGotM bfjL jf ph'/L k/]sf]
ldltn] $% lbgleq lg0f{o lbg'kg]{5 .
-*_ o; bkmf cGtu{t k]z x'g cfPsf] ljjfb jf ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf
ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
-(_ :yfoL ;ldltsf] cWoIf tyf ;b:ox?sf] kfl/>lds jf a}7s eQmf
tyf cGo ;'ljwfx? g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] ;+rfns ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/L
tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

ePsf]n] .
;]jfu|fxLsf] ;'ljwfsf nflu u'gf;f]
;'Gg] clwsf/Lsf] Joj:yf ePdf
h'g;'s} ljjfbsf nflu klg
cbfntdf hfg] k|j[lQ lg?T;flxt
ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] .

-!)_ /fi6 a}{sn] o; P]g cGtu{t Ohfht k|fKt a}s jf ljQLo

;+:yfx?n] u/]sf] s'g} sfdsf/jfxLsf] lj?4df o:tf a}s+ jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf ;]jfu|fxLsf] tkm{af6 g]kfn /fi6 a}s+df lbOg] jf kg{ cfpg]
ph'/L lgjbg jf u'gf;f] ;DaGwdf hfFra'em u/L oyf;So rfF8f]
cfjZos cfb]z jf lgb]{zg lbgsf] nflu k|efjsf/L ;o+Gqsf]
Joj:yf ;lxtsf] u'gf;f] ;'Gg] clwsf/L lgo'Qm u/L lghsf] ;Dks{
7]ufgf ;d]t v'nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L ug'{kg]{5 .