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ZTE Traffic Statistic Analysis
ZTE Traffic Statistic Analysis
ZTE Traffic Statistic Analysis
Course Objectives:
z
Contents
1 Traffic Statistics Overview......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Traffic Statistics Significance............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Traffic Statistics Principles and Functions ........................................................................................ 1
1.3 OMCR Performance Management.................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 System Functions ................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2 Implementation Process ......................................................................................................... 4
2 Traffic Statistics Functions ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.1 Performance Analysis Report............................................................................................................ 7
2.2 Traffic Statistics Analysis Functions ................................................................................................. 7
2.3 Observation Task Management ....................................................................................................... 12
2.4 Signaling Tracing ............................................................................................................................ 12
2.5 Call Tracing..................................................................................................................................... 12
3 Traffic Statistics Indices........................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Traffic Statistics Index Category and Content................................................................................. 15
3.1.1 Original Key Performance Indices....................................................................................... 15
3.1.2 Combined Indices................................................................................................................. 15
3.2 Counters and Signaling Points ........................................................................................................ 15
3.2.1 SDCCH Counters and Signaling Points ............................................................................... 15
3.2.2 TCH Counters and Signaling Points .................................................................................... 18
3.2.3 Handover Counters and Signaling Points............................................................................. 24
3.3 Traffic Statistics Index Definitions.................................................................................................. 27
4 Problem Locating and Analysis Through Traffic Statistics.................................................................. 31
4.1 Traffic Statistics Analysis Preparations........................................................................................... 31
i
iii
Figure 1.2-1 shows the position of OMCR in Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
system.
GBO_012_E1_0
The OMC system is of the client/server structure, as shown in Figure 1.2-2. The
application is realized by the application server. The client can not directly establish
communication with BSS, and it only provides functions of inputting operation
instructions and outputting operation results for users,
performance
management
involves
measurement
task
management,
observation task management, QoS alarm monitoring, performance analysis, and report
2
system.
Querying counter for a measurement task: to query the current value of a counter
of a measurement object in a measurement task.
Querying historical data for a measurement task: to query the historical data of a
measurement task, the query condition might contain object, time, etc.
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Performance report: to display the performance data collection and analysis result
in the form of report and output it in Excel form.
Graphical analysis function of report: to analyze report data in the form of line
chart, table, and pie chart, etc.
Performance report template: to provide the report template. User can save the
customized indices or system indices in the template for making report.
Timed performance data dump: to perform timed dump for performance data to
guarantee that the data volume in the database does not increase without any
restriction.
CMIS response message from the LAF end and the reported observation event
message.
Performance management Local Access Function (LAF) end: The CMIS operation
request from the LMF end, such as creating the measurement task, is received. After
necessary validity check, it is forwarded to the foreground for processing. The response
from foreground is received and returned to the LMF end for processing. The
observation event reported from foreground is received and forwarded to the LMF end
for processing. The performance data reported from foreground is received and
processed, and such data are stored in the database through calling the database
interface.
It also provides statistics functions for traffic of different types, different levels, and
different ranges.
BTS measurement
Radio measurement
A-interface measurement
1. CS basic measurement
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Q3 module measurement
In Q3 module measurement, some service data statistics are performed
according to modules. Such statistics are mostly related to assignment,
handover, and CPU load, and are mainly performed for RMM (for SMM, only
the CPU load statistics is performed).
2. BTS measurement
Paging measurement
It performs statistics for discarded pagings and queue length, with the carrier
as the measurement unit.
The number of times of TCH being occupied and the relevant occupation
8
duration
3. Radio measurement
SDCCH measurement
It measures the SDCCH allocation, occupation, assignment, and usage,
reflecting the SDCCH service situation.
TCH/F measurement
It measures TCH/F-related resource allocation, occupation, assignment, and
usage. It is used in channel configuration and relevant parameter adjustment.
SAPI3 measurement
It measures the number of point-to-point short message link establishments
and the number of received messages and sent messages.
GBO_012_E1_0
Paging measurement
HR statistics measurement
It is a basic measurement added according to users requirement. It mainly
describes the TCH/H resource usage and service situation.
4. A-interface measurement
measurement
It measures the SCCP link establishment situation and the availability of
terrestrial circuit resource.
5. Resource occupation measurement
6. PS service measurement
PS basic measurement
This measurement task generates the PS basic performance report, which
contains information of the resource usage, service situation, and channel
quality, etc. comprehensively describing the PS network situation.
NS measurement
It takes a single Network Service Virtual Connection (NSVC) as the
measurement entity and measures data transmission of NSVC link, signaling
interaction, and abnormality if there is any.
BSSGP measurement
11
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NSE measurement
It takes a single NSE as the measurement entity and measures the number of
paging, the number of state indication messages, and the number of signaling
BVC resetting.
13
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of SDCCH call attempts in the cell. The call
attempt includes the following cases that require SDCCH allocation: normal
originated call, location update, call reestablishment, IMSI request, IMSI
detachment, and short message request.
Calculation formula:
15
GBO_012_E1_0
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of SDCCH call attempts that fail to occupy
the SDCCH channel. If SDCCH channel is requested successfully but the
actual assignment fails, this counter does not count.
Calculation formula:
C11604 (number of SDCCH overflows) = C10103 (number of SDCCH
occupation failures (for assignment)) + C10106 (number of SDCCH
occupation failures (for handover)
3. C11644
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of MS successfully accessing SDCCH after
BSC sending the immediate assignment message IMM_ASS.
After BSC responds to the channel request message and successfully activates
SDCCH, BSC sends the immediate assignment message IMM_ASS to MS to
notify MS to use this channel. After MS receives the message, MS sends the
SABM frame to BTS on SDCCH, and BTS sends the ES_IND message to
BSC.
If BSC receives the correct EST_IND message within specified time, it
indicates that the SDCCH assignment succeeds, and the counter accumulates.
Measurement point:
The counter counts when BSC receives the correct EST_IND message or the
assignment completion message.
4. C11645
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of MS failing to access SDCCH after BSC
sending the immediate assignment message IMM_ASS.
16
After BSC responds to the channel request message and successfully activates
SDCCH, BSC sends the immediate assignment message IMM_ASS to MS to
notify MS to use this channel. After MS receives the message, MS sends the
SABM frame to BTS on SDCCH, and BTS sends the ES_IND message to
BSC.
If BSC receives the incorrect EST_IND message or T3101 is timeout, then the
SDCCH assignment fails, and the counter and C10115 accumulates
simultaneously.
Measurement point:
The counter counts when BSC receives the incorrect EST_IND message or
when T3101 is timeout.
5. C11605
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of call drops during the call process when
SDCCH is assigned but TCH is not occupied.
Calculation formula:
C11605 (number of SDCCH call drops) = C10643 (number of SDCCH call
drops)
6. C11606
Meaning:
This counter counts the total traffic on SDCCH during busy hour.
Calculation formula:
C11606 (total SDCCH busy time) = C11504 (total SDCCH busy time)
17
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MS
BTS
BSC
CHL_REQ
CHL_RQD
SDCCH
congestio
n
A1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
A2
IMM_ASS_CMD
IMM_ASS
SABM
EST_IND
SDCCH
assignmen
t success
A3
Figure 3.2-1
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of TCHs that can be assigned normally,
including the number of available TCH/Fs and the number of available
TCH/Hs.
Calculation formula:
C11607 (number of available voice channels) = C11507 (average number of
available TCH/Hs) + C11513 (average number of available TCH/Fs)
2. C11608
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of TCHs that can not be assigned normally,
including the number of unavailable TCH/Fs and the number of unavailable
TCH/Hs.
Calculation formula:
18
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of call attempts on TCH (occupation attempt)
after all SDCCHs are occupied in the cell. The call attempt includes cases that
the calling/called party attempts to establish a call, including TCH being
assigned as SDCCH during the Very Early Allocation (VEA) and excluding
various handover situations. The TCH channel includes the TCH/F channel
and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
C11609 (number of call attempts on voice channel (excluding handover)) =
C10301 (number of TCH/F occupation attempts (signaling) (for assignment))
+ C10320 (number of TCH/F occupation attempts (voice) (for assignment)) +
C10351 (number of TCH/F occupation attempts (data) (for assignment)) +
C10401 (number of TCH/H occupation attempts (signaling) (for assignment))
+ C10420 (number of TCH/H occupation attempts (voice) (for assignment)) +
C10451 (number of TCH/H occupation attempts (data) (for assignment))
4. C11610
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of overflows of calls for TCH after all
SDCCHs are occupied in the cell. The overflow includes cases that the
calling/called party fails to establish a call on TCH after occupying SDCCH,
including TCH being assigned as SDCCH during the Very Early Allocation
(VEA) and excluding various handover situations. The TCH channel includes
the TCH/F channel and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
C11610 (number of voice channel overflows (excluding handover)) =
C10303 (number of TCH/F occupation failures (signaling) (for assignment)) +
C10322 (number of TCH/F occupation failures (voice) (for assignment)) +
C10353 (number of TCH/F occupation failures (data) (for assignment)) +
19
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Meaning:
This counter counts the number of call attempts on TCH (occupation attempt)
after all SDCCHs are occupied in the cell. The call attempt includes cases that
the calling/called party attempts to establish a call, including TCH being
assigned as SDCCH during the Very Early Allocation (VEA) and including
various handover and direct retry situations. The TCH channel includes the
TCH/F channel and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
C11611 (number of call attempts on voice channel (including handover)) =
C11609 (number of call attempts on voice channel (excluding handover)) +
C10304 (number of TCH/F occupation attempts (signaling) (for handover)) +
C10323 (number of TCH/F occupation attempts (voice) (for handover)) +
C10354 (number of TCH/F occupation attempts (data) (for handover)) +
C10404 (number of TCH/H occupation attempts (signaling) (for handover)) +
C10423 (number of TCH/H occupation attempts (voice) (for handover)) +
C10454 (number of TCH/H occupation attempts (data) (for handover))
6. C11612
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of overflows of calls for TCH after all
SDCCHs are occupied in the cell. The overflow includes cases that the
calling/called party fails to establish a call on TCH after occupying SDCCH,
including TCH being assigned as SDCCH during the Very Early Allocation
(VEA) and including various handover and direct retry situations. The TCH
channel includes the TCH/F channel and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
C11612 (number of voice channel overflows (including handover)) =
C11610 (number of voice channel overflows (excluding handover)) + C10306
20
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of TCH being occupied successfully
(excluding handover), including voice occupation and data occupation. The
TCH channel includes the TCH/F channel and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
C11613 (number of voice channel being occupied (excluding handover)) =
C10302 (number of TCH/F being occupied successfully (signaling) (for
assignment)) + C10321 (number of TCH/F being occupied successfully (voice)
(for assignment)) + C10352 (number of TCH/F being occupied successfully
(data) (for assignment)) + C10402 (number of TCH/H being occupied
successfully (signaling) (for assignment)) + C10421 (number of TCH/H being
occupied successfully (voice) (for assignment)) + C10452 (number of TCH/H
being occupied successfully (data) (for assignment))
8. C11614
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of TCH being occupied successfully
(including handover), including voice occupation and data occupation. The
TCH channel includes the TCH/F channel and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
C11614 (number of voice channel being occupied (including handover)) =
C11613 (number of voice channel being occupied (excluding handover)) +
C10305 (number of TCH/F being occupied successfully (signaling) (for
handover)) + C10324 (number of TCH/F being occupied successfully (voice)
(for handover)) + C10355 (number of TCH/F being occupied successfully
21
GBO_012_E1_0
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of the Establish Indication message or the
Assignment Complete message being received after TCH assignment
succeeds. TCH assignment includes assignment of signaling, voice, and data.
Calculation formula:
C11657 = C10314 + C10345 + C10364 + C10414 + C10445 + C10464
10. C11658
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of the Establish Indication message or the
Assignment Complete message being not received after TCH assignment
succeeds. TCH assignment includes assignment of signaling, voice, and data.
Calculation formula:
C11658 = C10315 + C10346 + C10365 + C10415 + C10446 + C10465
11. C11615
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of call drops due to radio reasons after the
TCH channel is assigned successfully, including call drops during handover
and call drops after handover. The TCH channel includes the TCH/F channel
and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
C11615 (number of call drops on voice channel) = C10644 (number of call
drops on TCH/F) + C10645 (number of call drops on TCH/H)
12. C11616
Meaning:
22
This counter counts the total traffic of all TCH channels. The TCH channel
includes the TCH/F channel and the TCH/H channel.
Calculation formula:
C11616 (total traffic channel busy time) = C11511 (total TCH/H busy time) +
C11517 (total TCH/F busy time)
Total traffic on voice channel = C11616 (total traffic channel busy time) / statistics
period
TCH performance measurement signaling statistics point:
MS
B TS
B SC
C H L_REQ
C H L_R Q D
A1
C H L_A C T
C H L _A CT_A C K
A2
IM M _A SS_C M D
IM M _A SS
SA BM
EST_IN D
A3
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
ASS_CMD
CHL_ACT
B1
CHL_ACT_ACK
B2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA
EST_IND
B3
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
B4
Figure 3.2-3
23
ASS_COM
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Meaning:
This counter counts the total number of requests for intra-BSC
inter-cell/intra-cell handover and inter-BSC inter-cell handover. This counter
counts when the request is for incoming handover.
Calculation formula:
C11617 (number of handover requests) = C10912 (number of BSC-controlled
inter-cell
incoming
handover
executions)
C10915
(number
of
Meaning:
This counter counts the total number of successes of intra-BSC
inter-cell/intra-cell handover and inter-BSC inter-cell handover. This counter
counts when the incoming handover succeeds.
Calculation formula:
C11618
(number
of
handover
successes)
C10913
(number
of
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of handover attempts between GSM 900
system and DCS 1800 system, including handovers in the same layer and
handovers between different layers.
Calculation formula:
C11619 (number of dual-band handover call attempts) = C10934 (number of
24
Meaning:
This counter counts the number of handover successes between GSM 900
system and DCS 1800 system, including handovers in the same layer and
handovers between different layers.
Calculation formula:
C11620 (number of dual-band handover successes) = C10935 (number of
incoming handover successes from undefined layer (900 1800)) + C10940
(number of incoming handover successes from undefined layer (1800 900))
+ C10953 (number of hetero-frequency incoming handover successes from
the same layer (900 1800)) + C10958 (number of hetero-frequency
incoming handover successes from upper layer (900 1800)) + C10963
(number of hetero-frequency incoming handover successes from lower layer
(900 1800)) + C10968 (number of hetero-frequency incoming handover
successes from the same layer (1800 900)) + C15973 (number of
hetero-frequency incoming handover successes from upper layer (1800
900)) + C15978 (number of hetero-frequency incoming handover successes
from lower layer (1800 900))
25
GBO_012_E1_0
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
MEAS_REP
MEAS_RES
CHL_ACT
C1
CHL_ACT_ACK
C2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA
EST_IND
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
C3
HO_PREFORM
Figure 3.2-5
26
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
HO_REQ
CHL_ACT
D1
CHL_ACT_ACK
D2
HO_REQ_ACK
HO_ACCESS
HO_DETECT
PHY_INFO
HO_DETECT
SABM
UA
HO_COM
HO_COM
D3
HO_COM
GBO_012_E1_0
TCH call drop rate (excluding handover) (%) = number of call drops on voice
channel / number of voice channel being occupied (excluding handover)
100% = C11615 / C11613 100%
TCH call drop rate (including handover) (%) = number of call drops on voice
channel / number of voice channel being occupied (including handover)
100% = C11615 / C11614 100%
29
GBO_012_E1_0
analyzed first, after deciding which performance indices are poor, perform analysis for
cells that might cause the problems. Network optimization operations can be used in
the traffic statistics analysis for problem locating and analysis.
Application principle
All statistic data are mutually correlated. The standard of evaluating whether an
index is good is not fixed, thus it is difficult to define an exact value as the
threshold distinguishing a good index and a bad index for different systems.
Method description
Use Excel or other software tools to implement data sorting and filtering functions,
to sort traffic statistic data from bad to good. In this way, it is easy to associate
various data and find the internal law, and to locate the problem.
The network quality can be evaluated by examining and comparing the BSC-level
traffic statistics report.
Check cells where only a single index exceeds the standard range or the
absolute number of faults (call drop, congestion, and handover failure) is
large, to decide whether further handling should be performed.
MSC
P0
Pn
BTS
Meas Result
.
Meas Result
CON Fail Ind
App/Release
DT1/BSSM
I/DCM
[reason]
DEACT SACCH[-/-]
FACCH/[LAPDm]
I/DCM
DISC
RF CHAN REL[-/-]
FACCH/[LAPDm]
UA
CLR_REQ[-/-]
CHAN REL[reason]
CHAN REL
DT1/BSSM
I/RLM/DATA REQ
FACCH/I/RR
CMD
CLR_CMD[reason
=normal.]
I/RLM
DT1/BSSM
REL IND[-/-]
CLR_CMP[-/-]
(on
(on TCH/
(on TCH/
(on TCH/
(on TCH/
(on TCH/
(on TCH/
I/DCM
Figure 4.3-1
33
GBO_012_E1_0
MS
BTS:TRX
BSC
CHANNEL ACTIVATE
A1
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
SET T3107
T3107
Timeout
A2
Figure 4.3-2
MS
Old BTS:
New BTS
BSC
CHANNEL ACT
A1
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T3103
T3103
Timeout
A2
Figure 4.3-3
Figure 4.3-4
34
This section introduces solutions for call drop problems due to the above causes
respectively.
1. Call drop due to hardware fault
BTS measurement: locate call drops and assignment failure at carrier level.
Solution
Locate the hardware fault range according to the above statistics analysis. Check
whether there is any fault in the following parts:
TRX
CMM
TIC
Combiner
Divider
Tower amplifier
35
GBO_012_E1_0
Repeater
Analyze the interference band level and occurrence law with the change of
time and traffic.
Through cell radio measurement, analyze distributions of the signal level and
the quality in the cell.
Solution
(1) Perform the drive test to check interfered routes and signal quality
distribution.
(2) Adjust the site transmission power and antenna downtilt or adjust the
frequency plan for relevant cells to avoid interference.
(3) Use the spectrum analyzer to analyze.
(4) Enable Frequency Hopping (FH), Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) and
power control to reduce interference.
(5) Remove equipment problems, such as TRXs self-oscillation and antennas
intermodulation.
Cell radio measurement: the proportion of receiving level being low is too
large.
Handover cause measurement: the signal level is too low when handover is
initiated, the average receiving level is too low.
36
Solution
(1) Perform the drive test in area with poor coverage.
(2) Adjust the following network parameters according to the drive test result.
Site transmission power;
Antenna downtilt and height;
Minimum MS access level;
Adjacent cell relationship;
Threshold of minimum access level for handover candidate cell.
(3) Add sites
Adjacent cell handover measurement: find out cells from which the outgoing
handover success rate is low and to which adjacent cell the outgoing
handover success rate is low, to decide the fault cause.
Solution
(1) Add appropriate number of adjacent cells.
(2) Adjust handover parameters.
5. Call drop due to unbalance between uplink and downlink (tower amplifier, power
amplifier, and antenna direction)
GBO_012_E1_0
Solution
(1) Check the tower amplifier, CDU, RDU, and BTS boards to ensure they are
normal, and check RF connections to ensure they are normal.
(2) Remove the antenna feeder problem if there is any:
Check whether the antenna azimuth and pitch angle satisfy the design
specification.
Check feeders and jumpers to ensure they are connected correctly.
Check antenna feeder connectors to ensure they are in good contact.
Check feeder cables to ensure they are not damaged.
Check SWR to ensure it is normal.
Relevant parameter settings: Radio Link Timeout (RLT) and the minimum
access level are not set appropriately.
Solution
Modify inappropriate radio parameters.
Solution
(1) Check the SCCP timer.
(2) TMIAS: inactivity sending timer (100 ms) = 900 100 ms = 90 seconds
(3) TMIAR: inactivity receiving timer = 2400 100 ms = 240 s = 4 minutes
(4) The call drop duration is related to the inactivity receiving timer, in other
38
words, the call is released when the timer is timeout. Modify the inactivity
receiving timers value to be 10 minutes. After doing that, the fault is
removed.
Handover failure objects: handover failures between service cell and multiple cells,
handover failures between service cell and a few cells.
GBO_012_E1_0
Interference
Coverage
Clock problems (the site adopts internal clock, upper-level clock is unstable or the
clock skew is large)
This section introduces solutions for handover problems due to the above causes
respectively.
1. Handover problem due to inappropriate parameter settings (parameters related to
adjacent cell planning and handover)
Solution
(1) Check PBGT threshold and handover threshold to ensure they are appropriate,
check handover function options to ensure they are appropriate.
(2) If it is found that the number of handovers and the number of TCH
occupations are out of proportion, check handover parameter settings and
make adjustment if necessary (adjusting the minimum inter-cell handover
interval, PBGT threshold, etc).
Analysis objects
Problem locating
(1) The destination cell receives the channel activation message CH ACT but
responds with the CH ACT NACK message or does not respond (TIMEOUT).
(2) The TCH availability is abnormal.
(3) The number of call drops due to terrestrial link break is large.
(4) If a cell always has high call drop rate and high congestion rate, it might
indicate that some equipment in the cell is faulty.
40
(5) Observe transmission and board alarms to check whether there is any clock
alarm.
(6) If the sites handover access is restricted by the access level and quality, check
relevant parameter settings.
3. Handover problem due to other causes
(1) After problems related to parameter configuration, congestion, and equipment
faults are removed, perform TCH call drop rate analysis.
(2) Perform analysis for adjacent cells in parameter configuration, interference,
coverage, and uplink/downlink balance.
The congestion rate on SDCCH is high, while the congestion rate on TCH is low
or there is no congestion on TCH.
After the congestion problem occurs in a cell, check whether carriers in the cell and
adjacent cells are faulty first, then perform other analyses.
The following describes congestion problem analysis in the three cases mentioned
above.
GBO_012_E1_0
The congestion rate on SDCCH is high, while the congestion rate on TCH is low
or there is no congestion on TCH.
Observe interference on SDCCH and RF loss situation. If there is serious RF
interference on SDCCH, it might cause increase in the number of invalid call
attempts and increase in the number of SDCCH RF losses. Moreover, MS
frequently occupies SDCCH or the SDCCH occupation duration increases, causing
congestion on SDCCH. In such cases, modify the frequency planning or perform
SDCCH carrier changeover.
Check whether the number of location updates (OK_ACC_PROC[LOCIATIAON_
UPDIATE]) is too large. If the location registration areas boundary is on the two
sides of major roads in cities or area with dense population, it might cause frequent
MS location registration in the area, which increases the load of SDCCH and
causes congestion. In such cases, optimize the location registration areas
boundary with the following methods: adjusting the cell coverage, increasing the
number of SDCCHs, modifying cell parameters, and repartitioning location
registration areas.
To solve congestion problems on SDCCH due to other reasons, adjust the cell
coverage, increase the number of SDCCHs, or modify cell parameters.
Large interference
Coverage
This section introduces solutions for TCH congestion problems due to the above causes
42
respectively.
1. Congestion problem due to insufficient system capacity or uneven traffic
Judgment
The traffic per channel is too heavy (traffic per channel > 0.6)
The traffic is not equalized (traffic in the three cells of a site are not equalized,
or traffic at several sites are not equalized).
Solution
(1) Expand system capacity, or adjust carrier configurations for busy cells and
idle cells.
(2) Adjust the cell coverage (adjust the site transmission power, and adjust
antenna azimuth, downtilt, and height).
(3) Adjust cell parameters (Cell Reselection Offset (CRO), minimum MS access
level, enabling load handover).
(4) Adjust cell priorities and cell handover parameters.
GBO_012_E1_0
Judgment
Solution
Check the antenna azimuth and downtilt, and antenna feeder connections.
Judgment
Check data configuration such as the minimum MS access level and parameters
related to cell reselection.
Solution
Adjust inappropriate parameter settings.
Interference
44
This section introduces solutions for SDCCH congestion problems due to the above
causes respectively.
1. Congestion problem due to inappropriate parameter settings
Judgment
Radio access measurement:
Radio access reason types, the number of calling times, the number of times
of being called, the number of location updates, the number of short
messages, etc.
Solution
(1) Adjust parameters, such as the retransmission times and the number of
expanded transmission timeslots.
(2) Check parameter settings related to location update (dual-band network 1800
MHz parameter settings, CRO, cell reselection hysteresis, and periodical
location update time).
(3) In the dual-band network, too many inter-office handovers might cause
increase in the number of location updates. In such cases, adjust 1800 MHz
handover parameter settings for the dual-band network, and adjust other
parameters such as CRO.
GBO_012_E1_0
Note:
Inappropriate location area boundary might cause frequent location updates. For
example, if a street is taken as the boundary of a location area, pedestrians on the street
and multi-path propagation will cause frequent location updates.
4. Congestion problem due to interference
The RACH threshold is set too low, if interference exists, the system might
misjudge that there are a large amount of SDCCH occupation requests, which
causes the SDCCH congestion problem.
TCH occupation
It refers to the channel resource usage in database in the central controller unit MP.
After the CHANNEL REQUIRE message is received, the system queries the
channel resources in MPs database. If there is available channel resource, the
channel occupation succeeds (database is running normally); if there is no
available channel resource, the channel occupation fails. This process is actually
the process of querying and allocating channel resource according to the radio
resource data table in MPs database. For channel occupation failures mentioned
above, only those due to no available radio resources are recorded as channel
occupation failure.
TCH allocation
After the channel is requested successfully from the database, BSC sends the
ChannelActivation FOR TCH message to BTS, that is, TCH allocation attempt.
After BSC receives the ChannelActivationAck message from BTS, the TCH
allocation succeeds. If BSC receives the ChannelActivationNack message or does
not receive the ChannelActivationAck due to timeout, it indicates that the TCH
allocation fails.
TCH assignment
46
transfers
relevant
commands.
After
BSC
receives
the
GBO_012_E1_0
Request, reflecting a TCH assignment failure. For Assignment Failure (1), the failure is
mainly due to no available channel; for Assignment Failure (2), the failure is due to site
fault; for Assignment Failure (3), the failure involves channel assignment failure at air
interface, which is due to coverage problem or interference.
The TCH assignment failure process is mainly controlled by T3107.
Figure 4.7-2
Assignment Success
Figure 4.7-3
Assignment Failure
48
Check whether cell radio parameters are set appropriately, such as FH parameters
and frequency data. Adjust inappropriate parameters.
Check indices such as BER and idle interference band level, and adjust these
parameters to reduce radio interference.
Perform the drive test and check on the site to see whether the following problems
exist: interference, incorrect antenna feeder connection, and incorrect antenna
49
GBO_012_E1_0
Perform comprehensive analysis for the performance report, such as the congestion
rate, handover success rate, call drop rate, the proportion of handover due to
various reasons, to locate the fault.
Check BSC version and site versions to avoid TCH assignment failure due to
version inconsistency.
50
51
GBO_012_E1_0
Case 2
[Problem Description]
After configuring the dynamic GPRS channel at BSC1, it is found on the next day that
the congestion rate increases greatly.
53
GBO_012_E1_0
[Problem Analysis]
1. Adjust the number of dynamic GPRS channels before busy hour, and enable only
one dynamic GPRS channel for all cells.
2. Observe on the next day, it is found that there are many TCH allocation failures
(excluding handover) in cells under BSC1, causing the service channel allocation
rate to decrease (from 98% to 93%). Through signaling tracing, it is found that, for
timeslots which are originally configured as dynamic GPRS channels and later
changed to be TCH channels, channel activations all fail, as shown in Figure 5.3-2.
Figure 5.3-2
[Solution]
Change the dynamic GPRS channel to be static GPRS channel, and then change it to be
TCH channel. After doing these, it is found that the number of TCH allocation failures
(excluding handover) decreases and the network performance becomes normal.
Note: The dynamic GPRS channel can not be directly changed to be TCH channel, because it might
cause the changed channel unable to be occupied, which results in decrease in the TCH channel
allocation success rate. Instead, the dynamic GPRS channel should be changed to be static GPRS
channel first, and then changed to be TCH channel.
Through the basic measurement statistics, it is found that the SDCCH congestion
problem in cell3 is due to a large amount of location updates. Check the planning data
and LAC partition, but all are normal. Thus it is diagnosed that the problem exists in
the sites commissioning data.
[Solution]
It is found through checking that cell3s LAC is 8198, but LACs of the other two cells
of the site are 8199, which are incorrect and causes a large amount of location updates.
After adjusting the two cells LAC to be 8198, the SDCCH congestion rate becomes
normal, and the problem is resolved.
55
GBO_012_E1_0
56