Innovations in Energy Acquisition

and Utilisation - 7EJ505

Lecture 8

Energy of Buildings
Re

Ref. Open University T213 Study Guide.

Ref. Open
University T213
Study Guide B..

Heat Loss in Buildings

Ref. Open University T213 Study Guide

Heat Loss in Buildings.

Power, units of Watts, is the rate of transfer of energy.
The rate of transfer of heat energy through an object is proportional
to the area, A (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of

heat flow) and proportional to the temperature difference (Td). The

constant of proportionality is U.

UI-values of Windows
Ref. Open University T213..

Indicative U-values for windows with wood or PVC-U frames

Glazing type
Thermal conductivity (W.m2.K1)
Single glazing
4.8
Double glazing (normal glass, air-filled)
2.7
Double glazing (hard coat low-e, emissivity = 0.15, air-filled)
2.0
Double glazing (hard coat low-e, emissivity = 0.2, argon-filled)
2.0
Double glazing (soft coat low-e, emissivity = 0.05, argon-filled)
1.7
Triple glazing (soft coat low-e, emissivity = 0.05, argon-filled)
1.3

Ref. Open
University T213
Study Guide B..

Thermal conductivities of common building materials

luminium (window frames)

Steel (stainless steel wall ties)
Reinforced concrete (2% steel)
Window glass
Brickwork (outer leaf)
Plaster (dense)
Lightweight aggregate concrete block
Aerated concrete block
Aerated concrete block
Timber (softwood)

Material Density
(Kg.m3)
2727
7900
2400
2600
1700
1300
1400
600
460
500

Thermal conductivity
(W.m1.K1)
220
17
2.5
1.05
0.77
0.57
0.57
0.18
0.11
0.13