Vinnytsia National Pirogov Memorial Medical University

Biological and General Chemistry Department

Medical chemistry course

CHEMISTRY DICTIONARY

Vinnytsia 2010
1

Recommended by CMC of Vinnytsia National Medical University (protocol 5 from 2.03.2011)

Authors:
Assistant Professor Smirnova O.V.
Assistant Professor Chervyak M.M.
Assist. Shunkov V.S.

Reviewer:
Azarov O.S.- Candidate of chemistry science, assistant professor
Department of Biological and General Chemistry VNMU
Marchak T.V.- Candidate of chemistry science, assistant professor
Department of Physiological Agriculture and Live Stock Breeding and
Chemistry VNAU
Shitova T.V. Senior-lecturer
Department of Russian and Ukrainian languages
Head of English language courses VNMU

Printing group VNMU:

Text editor Shunkov V.S.
Computer editor Shunkov V.S.
Secretary Koroleva N.D.

CHEMISTRY DICTIONARY
Alkanes
Name
Methane
Ethane

Formula
CH4
CH3 CH3

Propane

Butane

Name
Methyl
Ethyl
Propyl

CH3

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH3

CH2

CH3

CH

CH3

CH3 CH2
CH3 CH2 CH2
CH3

Isopropyl

CH3

Butyl

CH3

Secondary
butyl

CH3

Isobutyl

Isobutane
(2 Methyl
propane)

Radicals
Formula

CH

CH2

CH2

CH

CH

CH3

CH2

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH3

CH3

CH3

Tertiary butyl

CH3

CH3

Pentane

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2 CH3

Pentyl

CH3

CH2

Secondary
pentyl

CH3

CH2

Isopentyl
Isopentane
(2 Methylbutane)

CH3

CH2

CH

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

Tertiarypentyl

CH2

CH

CH

CH2

CH3

CH2

C
CH3

CH3

2,2 dimethyl
propane

CH3

CH3

CH3

Halogenoalkanes
Chloromethane

CH3Cl

Trichloromethane (chloroform)

CHCl3

C Cl4

Carbon tetrachloride
3

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH2

CH3

CH I 3

Triiodide (iodoform)
CH3

Chloroethane

CH3

Chloropropane

CH2

CH3

2 Chloropropane

CH2

Cl

CH2

CH

Cl

CH3

Cl
CH3

Chlorobutane

CH2

CH3

2 Chlorobutane

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH
Cl

Alkenes
Ethene

H2C

Propene

H2C CH

Butene 1

H2C CH

Butene 2

H3C

CH2

CH2

CH3

CH CH

CH3

Pentene 1

H2C CH

Pentene 2

H3C CH2 CH

CH2

Arenes
(Benzene and its derivatives)
Benzene

Phenyl
CH3

Toluene
CH2

Benzyl

CH3

CH2

CH3

CH

CH3

CH3

Cl

CH3

Xylene:
o xylene
(o dimethylbenzene)

CH3

CH3
m xylene
(m dimethylbenzene)

CH3
CH3

p xylene
(p dimethylbenzene)
CH3
C2H5

Ethylbenzene

H3C

CH

CH3

sopropylbenzene (cumene)

CH

CH2

Sterol (vinyl benzene)

CH2 OH
Benzyl alcohol

C
Benzaldehyde

C
Benzoic acid

O
H

O
OH

OH

Paraoxybenzoic acid
OH

O
OH

Paraaminobenzoic acid
NH2
NH2

Aniline (aminobenzene)

NH2
ParaMethylaniline

CH3
CH2 NH2
Benzylamine

Salicylic acid

OH
O

C
Acetylsalicylic acid

OH

OH

O
OH
Phenol

OH
OH

Orthodioxybenzene (pirokatekhin )

CH3

OH

Metadioxybenzene (resorcin)
OH

OH

Paradioxybenzene (hydroquinone)
OH
OH

Cresol:
ortho cresol
(ortho methylphenol)

CH3

OH
meta cresol
(meta methylphenol)

CH3

OH
para cresol
(para methylphenol )

CH3
OH
Para nitrophenol

NO2
Alcohols (R alkoxy group)
Methanol
Methoxy
Ethanol

CH3

CH2

OH

Ethoxy

CH3

CH2

CH3

CH3

CH3

Propanol

CH2

CH3

Isopropanol

OH

CH
OH

CH2

OH

CH3

CH3

Butanol
Secondary butanol

CH2

CH2

CH2

H3C

CH2

CH

HO

CH2

OH
CH CH3

Isobutanol

OH

CH3

CH3
OH
CH3

Tributanol

CH3

CH3
OH

Cyclohexanol
Vinyl alcohol

H2C CH

OH

Polyatomic alcohols

CH2

Ethylene glycol (ethandiol)

OH OH
CH2 CH
CH2

Glycerol (propantriol)
Xylitol
Sorbitol

CH2

CH2

OH
CH

OH
CH

OH
CH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

CH2

CH

CH

CH

CH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

Ester (ethers)
Dimethyl ether

CH3

CH3

Diethyl ether
(medical ether)

C2H5

C2H5

Phenyl ethyl ether

C6H5

C2H5

Amines
Metylamine

CH3

Ethylamine

CH3

Propylamine

CH3

NH2

CH2

CH2

NH2

CH2

NH2

CH3

spropylamine
(2 minpropane)

CH

CH3

NH2

Butylamine

CH3

CH2

H3C

Secondary butylamine

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH

NH2

CH3

NH2
Primary amine (metylamine)

CH3

Secondary amine (dimetylamine)

NH2

CH3

NH

CH3

CH3

CH3

Tertiary amine (trimetylamine)

CH3
CH3
CH3

Quaternary basis

CH3

CH3

Biogenic amines

CH2

Calamine (ethanolamine)
N

Histamine

NH2

CH2
OH
CH2 CH2
NH2

N
H

CH2

Tryptamine

CH2
NH2

N
H

HO

CH2

Serotonin
OH

CH2
NH2

N
H

OH

Norepinephrine
HO CH CH2
OH
OH

NH2

Adrenaline
HO CH
9

CH2

NH

CH3

CH3
N

CH3

Choline

CH2

CH2

OH

CH3
CH3

Acetylcholine

CH3

N
CH3

CH2

Putrescine

CH2

NH2
CH2 CH2

Cadaverine

CH2

CH2

CH2

NH2
CH2 CH2

CH2

NH2

Thiols (mercaptans)
Methanethiol (mercaptomethane)

CH3

thanethiol

CH3
CH3

Dimethyl sulfide

SH

CH2

CH2

CH3

sopropanethiol

SH

CH2

CH
SH
S

CH3

SH

CH3
CH3

SH
Thiophenol
Aldehydes
Methanal (formaldehyde, formic)

Ethanal (acetaldehyde, acetic)

H3C

Trichloracetic aldehyde

Cl3 C

Propanal (propionic)

CH3

Butanal (oil)

CH3
Ketones
10

CH3

CH2

NH2

Propanethiol

CH2

CH2

O
H
O
H
O
H
C

CH2

O
H

O
H

CH3

CH3

CH3

O
C

C2H5

C6H5

O
C

C2H5

Acetone (dimethylketone)
Methylethylketone
Phenylethylketone (propiophenone)

Carbonic acid
Formate (methanoic, formic)
Acetate (ethanoic, acetic)
Propionate (propanoic)
Butyrate (butanoic, oil)

H C
H3C

Oxalate (sorrel)

Succinate (amber, butanedioic acid)

Glucarate (glutaric)

OH
O

OH
O
CH3 CH2 C
OH
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 C
OH
Dicarboxylic acids
O

Malonate (malonic)

HO
O

OH

CH3

OH
HO
O
O
C CH2 CH2 C
HO
OH
O
O
C CH2 CH2 CH2 C
HO
OH

Oxyacids
Lactate (milk,
2 oxypropane)

CH3

CH

OH

Oxybutyrate
( hydroxybutyric,
3 oxobutanoate)

CH3

Malate
(apple, 2 oxybutanedioic)

HO

11

CH

CH2

O
OH
C

OH

CH2

CH
OH

O
OH

O
OH

OH

O
Citrate (lemon acid)

HO

CH2

CH2
O

C
O

Tartare (wine acid)

HO

OH

CH

CH

OH

OH

O
OH

OH

Oxoacids

CH3

Pyruvate (PA, pyruvic, 2 oxopropane)

OH

CH3

Acetoacetate (3 oxobutanoate)

Oxaloacetate (2 oxobutandioic)
Ketoglutarate
( ketoglutaric,
2 oxopentadioic)

HO

CH2

O
C

CH2

HO

CH2

CH2

O
OH
O
OH

O
Unsaturated carboxylic acid

Acrylate
(acrylic, 2 propenoic)

CH2

Crotonic (2 butenoic)

CH3

CH

CH

O
OH
O
C
OH

CH

Anhydrides

Formic

Acetic

H3C

H3C

O
O
O
O

O
O

Halogenanhydrides
Methyl chloride

H
12

O
Cl

O
OH

Acetyl chloride

H3C

Benzoyl chloride

C6H5

O
Cl
O

Cl

Amides, nitriles
O

Acetamide

H3C

Benzamide

C6H5

NH2
O
NH2

Acetonitrile

H3C

Benznitrile

C6H5

Esther

Methyl formate (methyl methanoate)

Ethyl formate

Methyl acetate

H3C

Ethyl acetate

H3C

Methyl benzoate

C6H5

13

O CH3
CH2

O C2H5
O
O
O

CH3

O
O

C2H5

CH3

Lipids
Higher fatty acids
Palmitic
C15H31COOH
Stearic
17H35COOH
Oleic
C17H33COOH

Linoleic
C17H31COOH

OH

H3C

OH

H3C

H3C

C
C

OH
O
OH

H3C
O

Linolenic
C17H29COOH

OH

CH3
C

Arachidonic
C19H31COOH
Oleic
C17H33COOH

OH
CH3

H3C

Triacylglycerides
(tristearine)

14

H2C

HC

H2C

O
C17H35
O
C17H35
O
C17H35

O
OH

H2C
Phosphatidic acid

Phosphoglyceride
(phosphatidylcholine)

C17H35
O

HC

H2C

PH

H2C

HC

H2C

C17H33
O
OH

O
C17H35
O
C17H33
O
OH

O
H2C

CH2

CH3
CH3
CH3

Amino acids
Monoaminomonocarboxylic acid

CH2

Glycine (Gly)

OH

NH2
CH3

Alanine (Ala)

CH

OH

NH2
CH3

Valine (Val)

Leucine* (Leu)

CH3

CH

CH

CH3

NH2

CH

CH2

CH3

Isoleucine* (ile)

CH3

CH2

Monoaminodicarboxylic acid

15

CH

O
OH

NH2

CH

CH

CH3

NH2

O
OH

O
OH

Aspartic (Asp)
(aspartate)

HO

O
Glutamic acid (Glu)

CH2

H2N
O

Glutamine (Gln)

OH

CH2

CH

NH2
O

Asparagine (Asn)

CH
NH2

HO

CH2

CH

CH2

CH2

OH

OH

NH2

H2N

CH2

CH

NH2

OH

Diaminomonocarboxylic acid
H2N

Lysine*(Lys)

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH

NH2

Arginine (Arg)

NH2

NH

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH

NH2

NH

Oxyamino acid
*

Serine (Ser)

CH2

CH

OH

NH2

H3C

Threonine (Thr)

CH

CH

OH

NH2

OH

OH

Sulfur-containing amino acids

Cysteine (Cys)

Methionine*(Met)

H3C

CH2

CH

SH

NH2

CH2

CH2

OH
CH

NH2
Aromatic amino acids
CH2

Phenylalanine (Phe)

CH
NH2

16

O
OH

O
OH

O
OH
O
OH

Tyrosine (Tyr)

CH2

HO

CH

O
OH

NH2
Heterocyclic amino acids

CH2

Tryptophan*(Trp)

Histidine (His)

CH2 CH

OH

NH2

N
H
Proline (Pro)

OH

NH2

N
H
N

CH

N
H

OH

Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
CH2OH
H

Glucose

H
OH

H
OH

OH

H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
OH
H

Galactose

H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
H
OH
OH
OH
OH

Mannose

HO CH2

H
O
H

Fructose

OH
OH

H
OH
17

H2C

OH

HO CH2
H

Ribose

OH

O
H

H
HO CH2

OH

OH

Deoxyribose

OH

O
H

H
HO CH2

OH

H
H

OH

Xylose

OH

H
H
CH2O

H
OH

Glucose - 6 phosphate

OH
PO3H2
O
OH

H
H

OH

H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
OH
H
NH2

Glucosamine

Disaccharides
CH2OH
H

Sucrose

H
OH

OH
H

OH

HO CH2

OH

CH2OH
OH

Lactose

H
OH

H2C

H
H

OH

CH2OH

H
O

H
OH

18

OH

H
OH

H
H

OH

OH

CH2OH
H

Maltose

H
OH

CH2OH
O

Cellobiose

H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH

OH
H
OH
CH2OH
O
H
H
OH

H
O

OH

Nitrogenous base
Pyrimidine line

O
NH

Uracil

N
H

H3C

Thymine

NH
O

N
H
NH2

Cytosine

N
H

Purine line

NH2
N

Adenine

N
N
O

N
H

HN

Guanine

H2N

19

OH
H

OH

OH

H
OH

N
N

N
H

OH