Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1000 English
1000 English
TEXTS FOR
TOPICS
ENGLISH TOPICS
1000
511
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I. Ukraine ()
Ukraine () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
We Live in Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
State System of Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Constitution of Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Geographical Position of Ukraine (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Climate of Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Animals and Plants in Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
An Outstanding Event in Ukrainian History
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
An Episode from the History of Ukraine
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Ukrainian Places of Interest ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Sorochinsky Fair ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Health Service in Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
The Doctor. Our Health (. ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Relations between Ukraine and English-Speaking Countries
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Foreign Affairs of Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
The Political Situation in Ukraine and Abroad
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Voting in Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
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Dnipropetrovsk Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Dnipropetrovsk () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Donetsk Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Donetsk () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Ivano-Frankivsk Region
(- ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Ivano-Frankivsk (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Kamianets-Podilskyi (-) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Kharkiv Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Kharkiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Kherson Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Kherson () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Khmelnytskyi Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Khmelnytskyi () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Kirovohrad Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Kirovohrad () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Kolomyia () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Kremenets () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Luhansk Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Luhansk () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Lviv Region Area of the Developed Economic Cooperation
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Lviv () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Mykolaiv Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Mykolaiv () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Odesa Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Odesa () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Ostroh () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Poltava Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Poltava () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Rivne Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Rivne () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Sevastopol () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Sumy Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Sumy () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Simferopol () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Ternopil Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Ternopil is aPlace of Culture ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Transcarpathia is aSpecial Region
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Uzhhorod () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Vinnytsia Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Vinnytsia () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Volyn Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Lutsk Centre of the Volyn Region
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Zaporizhia Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Zaporizhia () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Zhytomyr Region ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Zhytomyr () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
The Town Where ILive (, ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
The Most Beautiful Place on Earth
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
My Home Town ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Our Street ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
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Main Theatres in London ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Shopping in London ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
History of Wales ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Cities and Towns of Great Britain
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Sights of Great Britain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
The English Mint ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
UK Health Service ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
English Cookery and Meals ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
The English Character ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
English Traditions ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Gardening () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Fireplaces () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Customs and Traditions in Great Britain
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
British Customs ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
The Ukrainian Diaspora ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
178
178
180
182
183
185
185
187
188
189
V. Canada ()
Canada () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Geographical Position of Canada ( ) . . . . . . . . . 203
Climate and Nature of Canada ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Outstanding Historical Events of Canada
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Political System of Canada ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Canadian Cities and Towns ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
The Ukrainian Diaspora in Canada ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . 211
VI. Australia ()
Australia () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Geographical Position of Australia ( ) . . . . . . 214
Climate and Nature of Australia ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
New Zealand the Country of Long White Clouds
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Outstanding Historical Events of Australia
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Political System of Australia ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Australian Cities and Towns ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
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Character () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Our House and Flat ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
My Favourite Room ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
My Friends House ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
An Ideal House ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
The House of My Dream ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
My Working Day ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
After School ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Our Duties about the House ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
My Day Off ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
My Everyday Meals ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Shops and Shopping () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Animals () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Pets ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Choosing aCareer ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
My Future Profession ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
My Plans for the Future ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
AGood Beginning Makes aGood Ending
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
ACitizen Is not aProfession ( ) . . . . . . . . . . 262
VIII. In School ( )
Our School ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
My School ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Our Classroom ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
The School Library ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
My Favourite Subject ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Our Teacher of English ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
My Attitude to the Profession of aTeacher
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Academic Subjects ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
At an English Lesson ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
At the Physical Training Lesson ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
X. Entertainment ()
Music in Our Life ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
At the Theatre ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
At the Cinema ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Cinema in Our Life ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Cinema () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Cinema in Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
At the Museum ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Kharkiv Museums ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
My Last Visit to the Circus ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
My Favourite Occupation ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Hobby () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
My Hobby ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Music in Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
American Music ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Music in Great Britain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Madame Tussauds ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
My Favourite Video Film ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Television in Great Britain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
My Favourite TV Programme ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
My Favourite Cinema Actor ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
XI. H
olidays and Vacation ( )
Holidays in Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Ukrainian Holidays ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Ukrainian Traditions and Religious Festivals
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Easter in Ukraine ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
10
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New Year in Our Country ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
The First of September ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
UK Holidays ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Christmas in Great Britain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
New Years Eve in Great Britain (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Easter in Great Britain ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Boxing Day and Halloween ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
National Celebrations in the USA ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Holidays in the USA ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
American Holidays ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Uniquely American Holidays ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 4th Independence Day (4 ) . . . . . . . . . . .
The Fourth of July Independence Day
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thanksgiving Day ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mothers Day ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fathers Day ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Memorial Day ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Labour Day ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Columbus Day ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterans Day ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Presidents Day ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Martin Luther King Day ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
341
341
342
344
345
346
348
348
348
349
350
350
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391
391
392
394
395
397
403
403
405
407
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Thomas Bettertons an Ideal Model for Actors
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Charles Spencer Chaplin ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
British Scientists ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Isaac Newton the Great English Scientist
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cecil Frank Powell () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
James Clerk Maxwell ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alexander Fleming ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ernest Rutherford ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
411
411
413
415
416
418
422
422
423
425
426
428
430
American Painters ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
John Sloan ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Winslow Homer ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rockwell Kent and His Works (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
431
431
433
435
13
481
481
482
483
484
14
l
My Favourite Season ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Todays Weather and My Attitude to It
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
The Weather Forecast ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
. Life of Youth ( )
Life of Youth in Great Britain and the USA
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
The Life of American Youth (
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
The Life of Ukrainian Youth ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
Your Readiness to Help Someone
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Politeness aSign of Culture
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
501
502
504
505
506
507
508
508
508
509
509
15
16
8. Food
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Food Safety Act. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
McDonalds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Hamburger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Peanut Butter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Popcorn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Coca-Cola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
The Hot Dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
9. Leisure
Pop Styles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
American Jazz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
My Favourite Singer Elvis Presley, the King of Rock and Roll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Triumph of Britney Spears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Robbie Williams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
The Beatles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Jodie Foster is one of Hollywoods most Respected Actreses. . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Whitney Houston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
Material Girl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
10. Travelling. Traditions
Travelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
Holidays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
How Are Your Telephone Techniques? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Road Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
A British Hotel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Greeting Cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
Cards, Hundreds of Cards! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
Politically Correct English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
11. Nature
Farm Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
Air Pollution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
Acid Rain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
The Disappearing Rainforest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
Greenhouse Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Ozone Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
Nuclear Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Chernobyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
Energy Conservation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Clean Air Act. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Friends of the Earth (FoE or FOE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Green Peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
17
614
615
616
617
618
618
619
620
620
I. Ukraine ()
l
Ukraine
.
603700 2.
893
316 .
, .
,
, .
.
, 5% .
.
,
.
,
, , ,
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
to occupy [5kjupa]
to stretch [stret6]
borders [b1:d3z]
Eastern Europe [i:st3n j\3r3p]
Carpathians [k%:pe7j3nz]
Crimean Mountains [kram3n
ma\ntnz]
Asia [e63]
19
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
We Live in Ukraine
We live in Ukraine.
,
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
.
5 % .
50 .
, ,
, , ,
, .
20
Ukraine l
.
.
()
.
.
Vocabulary:
anthem [0n73m]
major[med43] ,
well-developed [weldvel3pt]
Questions:
l
State System of Ukraine
1990-.
24 1991 .
.
, ,
.
.
, 24
.
21
, .
,
450 .
,
.
-
.
,
-.
-
.
,
, ,
22
Ukraine l
,
.
Vocabulary:
Crimean Autonomous Republic
[kram3n 1:t5n3m3s rp2blk]
Constitutional Court [~k5nsttju:63n3l
k1:t]
azure [e43] ,
administrative districts
[3dmnstretv]
legislative [led4sl3tv]
decision [ds4n]
elections [lek6nz]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Constitution of Ukraine
,
.
28 1996 .
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
, .
23
-
.
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
law [l1:]
to adopt [3d5pt]
symbol [smb3l]
church [t6-:t6]
to separate [sep3ret] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Geographical Position of
Ukraine
.
, ,
, ,
, .
603700 2.
.
24
Ukraine l
,
,
.
, , ,
.
, , ,
, , .
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
, , .
,
,
, , ,
, , ,
.
,
,
,
.
25
Vocabulary:
geographical [d43gr0fkl]
favourable [fev3r3bl]
Carpathian Mountains [k%:pe7j3n
ma\ntnz]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Climate of Ukraine
,
.
, .
2122 ,
2326 o.
,
.
26
Ukraine l
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
mild [mald]
sleet [sl:t]
maize [mez]
fog [f5g]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
27
l
Animals and Plants in
Ukraine
, , ,
, .
, ,
.
.
.
, , , ,
, ,
.
, , ,
.
, ,
- , ,
,
.
, ,
.
, ,
, , .
, ,
.
,
, .
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
.
,
.
28
Ukraine l
Vocabulary:
coniferous [k3\nf3r3s]
deciduous [dsdju3s]
beech [b:t6]
wealth [wel7]
timber [tmb3]
herb [h-:b]
species [sp:63z]
badger [b0d43]
perch [p-:t6]
Carpathians [k:pe73ns]
mink [m8k]
musk-rat [m2skr0t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
An Outstanding Event in
Ukrainian History
- ,
.
,
,
.
, .
1922 1991
.
16 1990
.
24 1991
.
.
.
29
,
1 1991 .
16481654 .
19171919.
Vocabulary:
events [vents]
century [sent63r] ,
to adopt [3d5pt]
to remain [rmen]
attempt [3tempt]
Lithuania [~l7ju:enj3]
Questions:
1. When was The Declaration of theState Sovereignty of Ukraine adopted?
2. When was Ukraine proclaimed an independent state?
3. Who was thefirst person to proclaim theformation of theindependent
Ukrainian state?
4. When was theproclamation of theUkrainian Peoples Republic?
l
An Episode from the
History of Ukraine
16481654
,
30
Ukraine l
1648
.
1654
,
.
,
.
31
Vocabulary:
war [w1:]
military [mlt3r]
to appeal [3p:l]
tsar [tz:]
to hand [h0nd]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Ukrainian Places
of Interest
.
.
.
1500-
.
,
,
,
.
, .
.
.
, ,
,
.
32
Ukraine l
,
.
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
(
), ,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
to celebrate [selbret]
,
St Sophias Cathedral [sent s5fa3z
k37i:dr3l]
ipossible [p5sbl]
Swallows Nest [sw5l3\z nest]
Slavonic [sl3v5nk]
33
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Sorochinsky Fair
.
.
,
.
. , ,
.
.
,
.
,
, ,
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
34
Ukraine l
.
.
Vocabulary:
incredible [nkredbl]
to advertise [0dv3taz]
fair [fe3]
entertainment [ent3tenm3nt]
craft [kr:ft]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
Health Service in Ukraine
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
, .
2025 ,
5060
.
,
.
35
, .
,
,
.
, ,
.
1905 .
Nowadays there are alot of feepaying clinics where one can get any
kind of medical help.
,
-
.
:
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
certain [s-:t3n] ,
influenza [~nfl\enz3]
pneumonia [nju:m3\n3]
,
tendency [tend3ns]
fee-paying clinic [f:pe8 klnk]
diabetes [~da3bi:ti:z]
to suffer [s2f3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
36
Ukraine l
l
The Doctor. Our Health
l
.
,
,
.
, ,
,
, .
,
, , ,
, .
:
, ,
.
, ,
.
:
2 3 ,
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
: .
,
.
37
Vocabulary:
to examine [gz0mn]
sore throat [s1: 7r3\t]
temperature [temprt63]
lungs [l28z]
flu [flu:]
prescription [prskrp6n]
chemist [kemst]
to disobey [ ds3be]
ambulance [0mbjul3ns]
cavity [k0vt]
to extract [kstr0kt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Relations between Ukraine
and English-Speaking
Countries
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
38
Ukraine l
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
, .
.
, ,
,
.
.
,
.
,
, .
,
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
to deny [dna]
relations [rle6nz]
embassy [emb0s]
plant [pl:nt]
to recognize [rek3gnaz]
Questions:
1. What countries does Ukraine have relations with?
2. What program do we have with thecountries abroad?
39
l
Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
.
1947
.
,
.
,
.
.
40
Ukraine l
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
specialist [spe63lst]
project [pr5d4ekt]
exchange [kst6end4]
fund [f2nd]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
The Political Situation in
Ukraine and Abroad
, ,
, , ,
.
,
,
,
,
l
the Russian Federation and other
countries of the Commonwealth of
Independent States (CIS).
The newspapers are also discussing
the reforms of the education system
and the public health services.
Nowadays, many political parties
holdtheir congresses to discuss
thecurrent political situation and to
nominate their candidates for forth
coming elections.
The Ukrainian mass media also report
on the work of the Verkhovna Rada
and the Government.
They also inform about the visit of the
Ukrainian President to any country
and the official negotiations with the
political leaders of this country.
Every evening our family watch TV
news we want to know what events
are taking place at home and abroad.
At present, there are several hot points
in the world: the civil wars rage in An
gola, Afghanistan and Yugoslavia.
The heavy battles are reported in
Angola and in Afghanistan: many
refugees flee from the regions of
conflict to the neighbouring countries
every day.
There are also reports about terrorist
attacks which have taken place
recently in Northern Ireland, in
Chechnya and in the Middle East:
Arab terrorists exploded several
bombs in public places in Israel.
The mass media also report the
further integration of the European
countries which have already had
common currency the Euro.
The political situation in the present day
world is, sometimes, very dramatic but
Ibelieve that the mankind is steadily
moving towards abetter future.
41
().
.
,
.
.
-
.
,
.
:
, .
;
.
,
,
:
.
,
.
, ,
.
42
Ukraine l
Vocabulary:
grave [grev] ,
to split [splt] ,
delay [dle]
issue [sju:] ,
falling [f1:l8] ,
the Commonwealth of Independent
States [k1m3nwel7 3v
nd3pend3nt stets]
()
close [kl3\z]
forthcoming [f1:7k2m8]
current [k2r3nt]
official negotiations [3f63l
n3g36e6nz]
to rage [red4]
refugee [refju:d4:]
to flee [fl:] ,
to explode [kspl3\d]
steadily [stedl]
Questions:
1. What influences thepolitical situation in Ukraine? What do mass media
inform about every day?
2. How do themass media report about thework of theVerkhovna Rada (the
Ukrainian President)?
3. Do you watch TV news in theevening? And what about your parents and
other members of thefamily?
4. What are hot points in theworld nowadays?
5. Are you an optimist or apessimist as for thefuture of themankind? Give
arguments to prove your opinion.
l
Voting in Ukraine
: ,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
43
-
.
During the election campaign the candidates make their programmes public.
( )
,
.
Voting is secret.
Often the elections of the local government take place simultaneously with
the elections to the Verkhovna Rada.
Vocabulary:
executive [gzekjutv]
judicial [d4u:d6l]
voter [v3\t3]
to go to thepolls [g3\ t\ 93
p3\lz]
ballot-paper [b0l3t pep3]
cubicle [kju:bkl]
simultaneously [sm3lten3sl]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
,
27 1932 .
28 100 2.
25
24.
-
.
, , ,
.
.
516 000
.
,
, , ,
-
, , .
,
.
92,1 % .
.
45
It produces electrotechnical
equipment.
Agricultural machines, excavators,
refrigerators and different appliances
are also produced there.
Agriculture mostly specializes in
animal husbandry and plant growing.
Unfortunately it is not possible to use
many soils of the region after the Cher
nobyl disaster.
Many famous Ukrainians were born
there.
They are the hetman I. Mazepa, the
author of the Ukrainian anthem P. Chu
bynsky, the cosmonaut P.Popovych
and the painter K.Bilokur.
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
.
. ,
. ,
.
. .
Vocabulary:
to border [b1:d3]
rolling plain
to lack [l0k]
kaolin [ke3ln]
peat [pi:t]
appliances [3pla3nsz]
disaster [dza:st3]
anthem [0n73m]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Kyiv the Capital of
Ukraine
,
6 8 .
,
6.
46
, ,
.
.
.
-,
.
.
,
, , ,
.
.
-
.
10000
..
20
.
.
.
.
20 ,
1300, 41 , 121 .
,
.
Vocabulary:
hill [hl] ,
scientific [santfk]
to become [bk2m]
ancient [en63nt] ,
47
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Places of Interest in Kyiv
.
.
,
, ,
.
.
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
.
, .
-
.
80
.
,
.
.
48
50
.
,
,
.
. ,
.
.
-
-, , ,
.
Vocabulary:
natural [n0t6r3l]
immemorial [m3m1:r3l]
famous [fem3s]
to construct [k3nstr2kt] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Khreshchatyk
, ,
.
,
.
, .
49
18 .
18301840- .
,
.
1892
.
20
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
main [men]
reconstruction [rk3nstr2k6n]
government [g2v3nm3nt]
to appear [3p3]
50
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
The Autonomous Republic
Crimea
,
.
26 100 2,
2 134700 .
15
15 .
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
51
, , ,
, .
,
, .
, ,
, .
67,2 % ,
26,5 % , 300 .
.
,
.
,
, , .
.
, .
,
.
.
. .
. .
Vocabulary:
autonomus [1:t5n3m3s]
strait [stret]
peninsula [p3nnsj\l3]
Mediterranian [medt3ren3n]
pasture [p%:st63]
iron ore [a3n 1:]
to constitute [k5nsttju:t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
52
l
Cherkasy Region
,
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
,
, ,
, , .
, ,
.
, .
, ,
.
,
,
.
, ,
, .
53
Vocabulary:
to destine [destn]
to survive [s3vav]
()
to restore [rst1:] ;
to commemorate [k3mem3ret]
()
pilgrimage [plgrmd4]
regard [rg:d]
with regard to :
beneficial [benf63l]
investment [nvestm3nt] ;
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Cherkasy
,
.
75 2.
297200 .
13
,
.
,
,
.
- .
,
,
.
54
:
, , -
, ,
.
2470 ,
6 .
,
.
..,
.
,
, 8
19 -
.
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
reservoir [rez3vwa:]
Duchy [d2t6]
association [3s3\se6n]
fortified [f1:tfad]
a silk complex
planning institution
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
55
l
Chernihiv Region
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
2:
.
1200 .
,
, ,
,
.
, , ,
.
56
peculiar [pkju:l3]
flax [fl0ks]
breeding [br:d8]
recession [rse6n]
fabric [f0brk]
priority [pra5rt]
fuel [fju:3l]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Chernihiv
64 2,
301100 .
7 .
,
, 907 .
9
.
14
.
1503
.
,
1654 .
57
, ,
(
1715 ).
.
:
, ,
,
.
: ,
, ,
.
.
,
- .
.
,
.
.
8 .
-
.
Vocabulary:
ancient [en63nt]
Cathedral of the Transfiguration
[k37:dr3l 3v 93 tr0nsfg3re6n]
prince [prins]
chronicles [kr5nklz]
sanctified [s08ktfad]
realm [relm]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
58
l
Chernivtsi Region
7
1940
.
11
.
,
, , , ,
, .
, , .
,
.
, , ,
, , , , ,
, .
,
-
.
59
,
,
- .
Vocabulary:
varied [ve3rd]
gypsum [d4ps3m]
to refine [rfan]
knitwear factory [ntwe3
f0kt3r]
pork [p1:k]
beef [b:f]
semiconductor [semk3nd2kt3]
significant [sgnfk3nt] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Chernivtsi
153 2
3 .
257300.
12 .
1207 .
14
.
1744 .
, 1917 .
1940 .
.
60
, , 8
.
,
, ,
(1607.) .
, ,
.
,
, -
, 12
- .
- .
.,
.
. ,
. , . .
.
, .
,
.
, ,
.
. .,
,
.
Vocabulary:
arboretum [:b3r:t3m]
metropolitan [metr3p5lt3n]
61
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Dnipropetrovsk
Region
-
,
.
31 900 2,
3745000 .
22
20.
,
.
, ,
.
,
, , ,
,
.
,
.
73 % .
62
It is followed by machine-building,
light industry, and food industry.
,
.
, ,
,
, .
,
.
: ,
, .
Vocabulary:
basin [besn] ()
manganese ore [m08g3n:z 1:]
lignite [lgnat]
ferrous metallurgy [fer3s
mt0l3d4]
dairying [de3r8]
dense network
shallow [60l3\]
deposits [dp5zts]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Dnipropetrovsk
63
,
.
, , ,
.
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
1776 .
18
, .
,
19.
.
.
,
, .
Vocabulary:
space rocket production [spes
r1kt pr3d2k6n]
to connect [k3nekt]
railway junction [relwe
d42nk6n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
64
l
Donetsk Region
26 500 2.
5000 900 .
18
48.
,
.
-
(
350 ).
:
,
(
300),
.
,
.
5 % .
: , ,
, .
,
.
50 %
.
65
,
,
,
.
120 .
-
.
. , ,
. ,
, . ,
.,
.,
. .
Vocabulary:
undulating plain [2ndj\let8
plen]
dissected [dsektd]
ridge [rd4]
bituminous coal [btju:mn3s
k3\l]
tributary [trbj\tr]
to rank [r08k]
extraction [kstr0k6n]
manufacturing [m0nj\
f0kt63r8]
gully [g2l]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Donetsk
66
1869 .
1924
.
1924 1961
1961
.
,
, .
,
.
;
.
Vocabulary:
coal [k3\l]
waste banks [west b08ks]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
food [fu:d] ,
Questions:
67
l
Ivano-Frankivsk Region
l
-
-
.
139002.
1,5 .
-
18-
22-
.
It comprises 14 administrative
districts and 5 cities and towns of the
regional subordination.
14
5
.
, ,
,
, , .
-
.
,
.
-,
.
68
juncture [d428kt63]
plain [plen]
to comprise [k3mpraz]
subordination [s3b1:dne6n]
,
peat [p:t]
clay [kle]
magnesium salt [m0gn:zj3m]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Ivano-Frankivsk
l
-
Ivano-Frankivsk is an important
railway and highway junction, the
second largest city in Galicia.
-
,
.
-
-,
.
3890 .
1962 .
233000 .
(
, 1870 ),
,
,
.
69
,
.
Located in the city are the IvanoFrankivsk Ukrainian Music and Drama
Theatre, a puppet theatre, a region
philharmonic society, different clubs
and cinemas.
-
- ,
, ,
.
,
, .
, .
, ,
.
,
.
-
.
38 .
Vocabulary:
picturesque surroundings
[pkt63resk s3ra\nd8z]
tributaries [trbj\trz]
steeple [st:pl]
petroleum [ptr3\l3m]
compression machinery [k3mpre6n
m36:n3r]
artificial [:tf6l]
70
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Kamianets-Podilskyi
l
-
-
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
27- .
,
,
.
-
60
,
(
) ,
.
, ,
.
- .
71
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
to fortify [f1:tfa] ,
orthodox [1:73d5ks]
relic [relk]
to merit [mert]
circumstances [s-:k3mst3nsz]
temple [templ]
reign [ren] ,
spirit [sprt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Kharkiv Region
,
.
314002.
3000000 .
27
17.
, .
,
, , , ,
, ,
.
72
The climate of the Kharkiv Region
is moderate continental with cold
winters and hot summers.
The longest river is the Siverskyi
Donets with its tributaries the Udy, the
Mozh, theOscol, the Velykyi Burluck.
The region is situated mainly in the
forest-steppe zone.
The Kharkiv Region is one of the welldeveloped regions in Ukraine.
Machine-building and metal-working
are the most important branches of
industry.
Such industrial giants as Kharkiv
tractor plant, Serp and molot,
Communar, the turbine plant,
Electrotyazhmash, Ukr
electromash and others are wellknown outside Ukraine.
These enterprises produce turbines
for power stations, generators and
electric motors.
The city and its region supply the
country with diesel locomotives,
planes, bycicles, instruments, ballbearings, bulldozers, lathes and
equipment for many branches of
industry.
Light, printing, sugar and food
processing industries are also welldeveloped in the region.
Agriculture specializes in grain and
sugar-beet growing, and meat- and
dairy-processing.
, ,
.
,
.
.
, , ,
.
73
.-
., .
,
.,
. ..
..
Vocabulary:
bituminous coal [b`tju:mn3s
k3\l]
tributaries [`trbj\trz]
()
lathe [le9]
ochre [`3\k3]
turbine [`t-:ban]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Kharkiv
350
.
,
.
,
.
1805
.
, -,
-, ,
.
74
1919 1934 .
.
2 .
.
, , ,
,
, ,
, .
.
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
2500
26 .
, ,
, .
.
,
1935.
Vocabulary:
quite [kwat] ,
legend [led43nd]
capital [k0ptl]
equipment [ekwpm3nt]
establishment [st0bl6m3nt]
,
75
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Kherson Region
, ,
.
28500 2.
1000000 .
:
18 3
.
9 ,
,
30 .
50
.
:
, ,
.
76
lowland [l3\l3nd]
administrative [3dmnstr3tv]
division [dv4n]
vinegrowing [vangr3\8]
rural [r\r3l]
municipal [mju:nsp3l]
cereal [s3r3l]
transmission [tr0nzm6n]
;
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Kherson
,
.
1778
.
1737 .
,
,
(18 )
(1781 .).
,
, .
,
.
77
.
, 14
.
2002,
.
.
,
,
, , .
,
, .
,
.
362000 .
Vocabulary:
to protect [pr3tekt]
frontier [fr2nt3]
chronicles [kr5nklz]
Cathedral of the Transfiguration [k37:
dr3l 3v 93 tr0nsfg3re6n]
public gardens
arboreta [%:b3r:t3]
freighter [fret3]
oil-refining [1l rfan8]
remnants [remn3nts]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Khmelnytskyi Region
- .
78
,
,
.
206002.
13 , 20
.
-.
1590000 .
, .
,
.
,
, .
, .
,
, .
79
Vocabulary:
highway [hawe]
to design [dzan] ;
highspeed [hasp:d]
generously [d4en3r3sl]
extracted [kstr0ktd]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
Khmelnytskyi
,
, 1493
.
1954
,
.
.
52 2.
241000 .
,
6.
,
.
. ..
80
, ,
, , .
.
-
,
.
,
. .
.
,
.
.
.
.
Vocabulary:
according to
to honour [5n3]
planning organisations
to predominate [prd5mnet]
thermoplastic machinery
[7-:m3\pl:stk m36:n3r]
graphic artist [gr0fk :tst]
-
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
Kirovohrad Region
,
.
l
It was established on the 10th of
January, 1939.
Its territory is 24600 km2.
Administrative centre of the region is
Kirovohrad.
The region is inhabited by
1230000 people.
Various kinds of population inhabit
this region: Ukrainians, Russians,
Moldovans, Belorussians, Jews, etc.
The region consists of
21 administrative districts.
The region has got afavourable geo
graphical position and developed
transport network.
Its territory is crossed by numerous
railways, linking important industrial
and agricultural areas of the south
with the centre and the south-west of
Ukraine.
Highways link Ukraine with central and
southern Europe.
Extended telephone network allows
to communicate with most of the
countries.
The Kirovohrad Region is aunique
centre of the Ukrainian culture.
This is the birthplace of the Ukrainian
professional national theatre founded
by such coryphaei of the stage as
M. Kropyvnytski and I. Tobilevych.
Prolisok dance ensemble, Yatran ama
teur ensemble, Vesna amateur folk
ensemble, Regional childrens philhar
monic society are known far beyond
the region and Ukraine.
Atrue festival of the national culture
is Veresnevi Samotsvity, the annual
professional and amateur art festival
held in Nadiya village, one of the most
picturesque places of the region.
81
10 1939 .
24600 2.
.
1230000
.
: , ,
, , .
21
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
, . . .
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
82
,
, 2
, 8,
.
,
(),
( )
().
Vocabulary:
to inhabit [nh0bt] ;
network [n3tw-:k]
()
jew [d4u:]
extended [kstendd]
,
Questions:
1. Where is the Kirovohrad Region located?
2. When was it established?
3. Whats this territory like?
4. What is the administrative centre of theregion like?
5. Telephone network allows to communicate with other countries, doesnt it?
6. Who founded thenational theatre in Kirovohrad?
7. What ensembles are known far beyond theregion?
8. What is atrue festival of thenational culture?
9. Has theregion ascientific potential?
10. What are theworld champions of the Kirovohrad Region?
l
Kirovohrad
,
.
83
,
.
1052,
.
1754 .
1765 . .
1775 .
.
1924.
, 1934 . ,
1939. .
-
, ,
19 .
,
..,
,
..,
.-.
-
,
.
3
.
274200 .
:
,
,
,
, .
84
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
confluence [k5nfl\3ns] ()
comparatively [k3mp0r3tvl]
Holy Protectress
[h3\l pr3tektrs]
playwright [plerat]
joint-stock company
transport junction
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Kolomyia
13.
, .
,
.
85
1935 ,
20 ,
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
salt-trade routes [s1:lt tred
ru:ts]
to ruin [ru:n]
ethnic [e7nk]
highlight [halat]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Kremenets
,
.
, 12
,
.
1648 .
86
1785 .
,
, .
. ,
1636 .
,
14 1943 .
300 ,
240 .
Vocabulary:
monastery [m5n3str]
relaxing place [rl0ks8]
rule [ru:l]
view [vju:]
battle [b0tl]
to storm [st1:m]
massacre [m0s3k3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Luhansk Region
-
.
.
26 700 2,
2673800 . .
.
, -
,
.
,
.
It borders on Russia.
Its total area is 26700 km2, and its
population is 2 673 800.
Luhansk is the regions centre.
The Donets River, which flows in a
southeastern direction, divides the
region into two distinct zones.
The northern part consists of
ahilly plain rising from the Donets
Lowland to spurs of the Central
Upland.
l
The southern region consists of
the Donets Ridge, an undulating
plain withan elevation of up to
200250 metres dissected by river
valleys and ravines.
The largest river is the Donets with its
tributaries the Luhan and the Velyka
Kamianka on the right bank and the
Krasna, the Borova, the Aidar, and the
Derkul on the left.
There are also lakes there.
The region is located in forest-steppe
and steppe zones.
The region is rich in lignite and natural
gas deposits, as well as limestone,
chalk, and clay.
The climate is continental: summers
are hot and dry, and winters are cold
and snowless.
87
, 200250
,
, .
, ,
.
.
.
,
, .
:
, .
53 %
, 43 %.
It is an industrial region.
The main industries are the fuel
industry, machine-building and
metalworking industries, the chemical
industry, light industry and food
processing.
The biggest industrial centres are: Lu
hansk, Lysychansk, Krasnyi Luch.
Agriculture specializes in the winter
wheat and corn growing.
.
,
, ,
.
, , .
.
.
.
.
.
. , . , .
.
88
distinct [dst8kt]
spur [sp-:]
ravine [r3v:n] ,
dissected [dsektd]
limestone [lamst3\n]
fuel [fju:3l]
horticulture [h1:tk2lt63]
vine-growing [vangr3\8]
dense network
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Luhansk
.
.
.
.
, ,
, , ,
.
.
.
, ,
.
. . .
, ,
17.
89
1718
.
,
(), 1795 .
,
.
Vocabulary:
regional [r:d43n3l]
bank [b08k]
cradle [kredl]
to be inhabited [nh0btd]
district [dstrkt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Lviv Region Area of the
Developed Economic
Cooperation
.
,
,
,
.
, ,
- .
4 %
.
90
68
.
545 .
, , ,
,
, , ,
, ,
, .
,
.
, , ,
, .
Vocabulary:
diverse [dav-:s] ,
manufacture [m0njuf0kt63]
,
income [nk3m]
to involve [nv5lv]
stable [stebl] ,
stuff [st2f]
item [at3m] ,
intensively [ntensvel]
to intensify [ntensfa]
trans-border [tr0nsb1:d3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
91
l
Lviv
, ,
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
,
. .
.
100
.
92
,
1918 .
:
1000 , 5000
.
,
- ,
, .,
.-,
.
,
30 .
Vocabulary:
fort [f1:t]
craft [kr:ft]
porcelain [p1:sln]
to stretch [stret6] ,
worth [w-:7]
display [dsple]
carved [k:vd]
ethnography [37n5gr3f]
cross [kr5s]
storage [st1:rd4] ,
church [t6-:t6]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
93
l
Mykolaiv Region
.
.
24 600 2,
1300000 .
19 9 .
.
.
.
, .
, .
.
, , .
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
94
.
.
.
, .,
. .
Vocabulary:
densely [densl]
windy [wnd]
curative muds [kj\3r3tv m2dz]
to extract [kstr0kt]
coastal [k3\stl]
seacraft [si:kr:ft]
irrigation [rge6n]
perfumery [p3fju:mr]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Mykolaiv
.
.
1789 .
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
95
,
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
ship-builder[6pbld3]
to be situated[stj\etd]
port[p1:t]
perfumery[p3fju:m3r]
sight[sat]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is Mykolaiv?
Where was it founded?
Why is it thecentre of ship-building in Ukraine?
What museums are themost famous in Mykolaiv?
l
Odesa Region
.
33 300 2,
2500000 .
26 18 .
.
, , ,
,
.
.
96
(
), ,
(
).
.
.
, ,
.
.
, , .
, ,
, .
: ,
, , , .
:
, ,
().
.
.
,
, ., .
, . .
Vocabulary:
moderate continental [m5d3ret
k5ntnentl]
mild [mald]
boundary [ba\ndr]
linden [lnd3n]
ash [06]
flour milling [fla\3 ml8]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
97
l
Odesa
,
.
1820-
,
.
1526 1789.
18
.
1880-
.
1905 .
193 ,
1837 1841 ,
.
,
.
98
,
, ,
.
,
.
, .
,
.
Vocabulary:
gateway [getwe]
exile [eksal]
site [sat]
hotbed [h5tbed] :
to descend [dsend]
beach [b:t6]
cannon [k0n3n]
trade [tred]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Ostroh
1100 .
16
--
.
99
,
.
, ,
14 .
.
()
.
, 900 .
.
1578
1581 .
,
.
17 ,
1617 .
Vocabulary:
settlement [setlm3nt]
printing centre [prnt8 sent3]
impressive [mpresv]
fortress [f1:trs]
Castle Hill [k:sl hl]
ethnography [37n5gr3f]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
100
l
Poltava Region
28 800 2,
1693100 .
25 ,
12.
,
.
, ,
.
,
, , , ,
, , .
,
.
, .
7,1 % .
,
- ,
.
,
.
(, ),
(, ).
101
:
,
,
.
.
.
.
.
C .,
., .,
., ., .
.
Vocabulary:
ravine [r3v:n] ,
iron ore [a3n 1:]
peat [p:t]
curative [kj\3r3tv]
vehicle [v:kl]
fabrics [f0brks]
fair [fe3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Poltava
.
.
1174 .
1430 .
.
102
1569
.
1667
.
, I
XII.
..,
.
Machine-building, metal-working,
food and light industries are welldeveloped there.
, ,
.
- .
-
.
,
1891.
136 ,
,
.
Vocabulary:
picturesque [pkt63resk]
to be mentioned[men6nd]
history [hst3r]
army [:m]
to be connected [k3nektd]
103
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Rivne Region
4 1939 .
201002.
,
, ,
,
.
As to its administrative-territorial
division the region includes 10towns
and 16 districts.
-
10 16 .
1200000 .
,
.
,
.
170 , .
104
division [dv4n]
to possess [p3zes]
amber [0mb3]
mud [m2d]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
l
Rivne
13 .
18 19
,
, .
1927 .
( ), ,
.
,
80000 .
Vocabulary:
private kingdom [pravt k8d3m]
Resurrection Cathedral [rez3rek6n
k37:dr3l]
to burn (burnt) down [b-:n]
105
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Sevastopol
1783
- .
1854
1855
.
Vocabulary:
dock [d5k]
light industry [lat nd2str]
fortress [f1:trs]
honour [5n3]
defence [dfens]
106
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Sumy Region
- .
,
,
,
.
.
10 1939 .
15.
, , ,
, .
132
.
, ,
.
.
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
majority [m3d45r3t]
favourable [fev3r3bl]
opportunity [5p3tju:n3t]
107
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Sumy
,
, .
99 2.
275 400 .
.
1652 .
1780.
,
.
(17),
(1702 .),
(1776.),
(1851 .), .
.
.
,
.
.
,
,
( ),
.
108
,
,
,
, .
, 9
.
Vocabulary:
confluence [k5nfl\3ns]
to belong [bl58]
guildhall [gldh1:l]
,
the Church of Resurrection [93
t6-:t6 3v rez3rek6n]
microscope production
[makr3sk3\p pr3d2k6n]
consortium [k3ns1:t3m]
pump [p2mp]
nuclear [nju:kl3] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Simferopol
,
,
.
19
.
,
.
109
1793 .
1820-,
1830, 1830
.
(
)
1874
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
.
.
, , .
, ,
.
,
.
-
.
:
, , ,
,
.
110
-
.
Vocabulary:
trading and manufacturing
centre
to usher [263]
rapid [r0pd]
confectionery factory [k3nfek63n3r
f0kt3r]
farming-implements foundry
annual [0nj\3l]
dmands [dm:ndz]
to expand [ksp0nd]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Ternopil Region
14 ,
16.
13 800 2,
1200000 .
.
, , ,
.
111
,
.
, ,
, , .
, ,
, -
.
,
, .
, .
,
:
,
-
-.
Vocabulary:
deposits [dp5zts]
fuel resources [fju:3l rs1:sz]
mineral springs [mn3r3l
spr8z]
reservoir [rez3vwa:]
112
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Ternopil is aPlace of
Culture
- .
,
,
.
-
,
,
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
113
,
.
-
, ,
,
.
Regional review-contests
dedicated to Oles Kurbas, Solomia
Krushelnytska, Volodymyr Gnatyuk,
Olena Kulchytska as well as festivals
dedicated to famous town-fellows
have become traditional.
-,
,
,
, ,
,
-,
.
237
,
.
( ),
()
.
,
,
.
,
1991 .,
.
Vocabulary:
predecessor [pr:dses3]
compatriot [k3mp0tr3t]
uprising [2praz8] ,
to originate [3rd4net]
boost [bu:st] :
concept [k5nsept]
upbringing [2pbr88]
aspiration [0sp3re6n]
inspiration [nsp3re6n]
resident [rezd3nt]
renewal [rnju:3l]
truth [tru:7]
114
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
Transcarpathia is aSpecial
Region
22 1946
.
.
.
,
75.
,
.
,
, ,
,
, .
,
, ,
.
192
.
Vocabulary:
non-ferrous [n5nfer3s]
( )
quality [kw5l3t]
ore [1:]
115
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
Uzhhorod
( )
,
.
4
25
.
,
903 .
, .
.
.
1516
.
.
,
.
.
.
, ,
.
116
. .
,
.
Vocabulary:
to exist [gzst]
A. D. = Anno Domini
castle [k:sl]
local lore [l3\k3l l1:]
exhibition [eksb6n]
ethnic [e7nk]
Folk Art [f3\k :t]
craft [kr:ft]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How far is Uzhhorod from Slovak border and from Hungarian border?
When was Uzhhorod founded?
What river runs across thecity?
What major museums are there in Uzhhorod?
What is theUzhhorod University Botanical Gardens famous for?
l
Vinnytsia Region
,
.
27
1932 ,
4,5% .
117
,
202
,
.
27 ,
.
2 .
Vocabulary:
recent [r:snt]
gross [gr3\s]
output [a\tp\t]
basis [bess]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Vinnytsia
,
,
1932 .
6100 .
391700.
.
1363 .
.
118
The settlement gradually developed
from afarming village into a
manufacturing and trading centre.
It became the regions capital in 1932.
Its chief cultural institutions are the
Ukrainian Music and Drama Theatre,
apuppet theatre, a philharmonic
society, a literary museum dedicated
to M.Kotsiubynsky, who was born
in Vinnytsia, and aregional studies
museum.
The M.Pirogov Museum (established
in1947) is just outside the city.
The main architectural monuments
arethe Dominican (1624), Jesuit
(16101617), and Capuchin (1760)
monasteries and the wooden
churches of StGeorge (1726) and
StNicholas (1746).
Today Vinnytsia is a large industrial
and communications centre.
Its machine-building and
metalworking enterprises produce
instruments, radio devices, ball
bearings, and tractor parts.
The main chemical plants produce su
perphosphate fertilizers and paint.
The large food industry consists of
meat-packing, oil and fat processing,
canning, and confectionery
manufacture.
Woodworking and furniture manufac
turing make a big contribution to the
economy of Ukraine.
The city is very green.
It has a lot of parks.
The citys educational facilities include
12technical secondary schools, 3 insti
tutes (pedagogical, polytechnical, and
medical), and branches of the Ukrainian
Agricultural Academy and the Kyiv
Trade and Economics Institute.
119
,
.
Vocabulary:
fortress [f1:trs]
settlement [setlm3nt]
gradually [gr0dj\l] ,
dedicated [dedketd]
Dominican [d3mnk3n]
Capuchin [k0pj\6n]
devices [dvasz] ,
fertilizer [f-:t3laz3]
contribution [k5ntrbju:6n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Volyn Region
20200 2.
1 075 200 .
-
.
120
,
, ,
,
.
, , ,
.
220 130 .
.
, , ,
,
.
33%.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
substantial [s2bst0n63l]
,
recreational [rekre6n3l]
flax [fl0ks]
dairy [de3r]
to prevail [prvel]
Questions:
1. What is the area of the Volyn Region?
2. What is its population?
3. What are itsneighbours in thesouth and east?
4. Does Volyn take afavourable geographical position?
5. Is it situated on thecrossroads of theEuropean trade routes?
6. What substatial recreational resources does theregion possess?
7. What is produced in the Volyn Region?
121
l
Lutsk Centre of the Volyn
Region
,
, 1000
. . .
.
.
14 .
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
107 ,
,
165339 ,
47960 .
,
:
, ;
, .
Vocabulary:
castle [k:sl]
alive [3lav]
prison [przn]
victim [vktm]
ash [06]
anguish [08gw6]
122
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Zaporizhia Region
27 200 2.
2023800 .
20
14.
-
,
, -
.
, .
3,4 %
.
: , ,
,
(, , ).
,
.
63,8 % ,
31,1 % .
It is an industrial region.
123
:
,
.
.
.
-
.
,
.
, .
.
, , .
.
: ., .
, . .
Vocabulary:
to cover [k2v3] ,
petrochemical [petr3\kemkl]
to specialize [spe63laz]
dairy [de3r]
husbandry [h2zb3ndr]
sunflowers [s2nfla\3z]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Zaporizhia
1618
,
.
124
1806 .
1921 .
,
.
, ,
.
23-
.
, .
,
.
Vocabulary:
present[prez3nt]
pride[prad]
stainless[stenls]
mini-car[mn k:]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
125
l
Zhytomyr Region
,
-
.
30 000 2.
1500000.
,
11 .
, , ,
.
,
, ,
, , , ,
, -,
.
.
, ,
,
, ,
, .
,
.
.
1/3 .
,
, ,
.
.
.
126
Vocabulary:
gem [d4em]
hop [h5p]
chicory [t6k3r]
advantageus [3dv%:ntd43s]
Questions:
1. Does theregion have good connections with thecountries of Eastern and
Central Europe?
2. What are theancient towns of the region?
3. What natural resources are there in theregion?
4. Is theregion thefirst in Ukraine for thewood?
5. What agricultural plants do thefarmers grow?
l
Zhytomyr
.
6100 .
,
292000 .
,
, 9 .
1240 ,
.
1444 .
, -
(1744 .),
(1752 .),
(18661874.), .
,
.
,
,
. .,
,
..
127
,
, 10
.
-
.
45 . .
,
, -
.
, ,
, .
Vocabulary:
local legend [l3\kl led43nd]
destroyed [dstr1d]
Assumption Church [3s2mp6n
t6-:t6]
dedicated [dedketd]
devoted [dv3\td]
synthetic fabrics [sn7etk
f0brks]
tools [tu:lz]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
The Town Where ILive
l
,
128
,
.
,
, , ,
, ,
,
.
,
.
, .
,
.
,
, :
,
,
.
,
.
,
, .
, ,
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
129
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
ride [rad] ,
advantages [3dv%:nt3d4z]
scent [sent]
duvet [dju:ve]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
The Most Beautiful Place
on Earth
,
: ,
( ,
).
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
130
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
, :
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
nest [nest]
straight [stret]
proud [pra\d]
proverb [pr5v-:b]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
131
l
My Home Town
I live in Poltava.
12.
, .
300 000
.
, ,
, ,
.
:
.
,
, ,
, .
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
cruel [kr\3l]
to rise (rose, risen) [raz]
youth [ju:7]
132
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Our Street
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
side-walk [sadw1:k]
lime-tree [lam tri:]
traffic [tr0fk]
noise [n1z]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Great Britain
,
-.
: ,
, .
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
-.
.
.
, ,
.
134
Great Britain l
,
: , , .
-.
:
,
.
Vocabulary:
kingdom [k8d3m]
British Isles [brt6 alz]
The English Channel [9 8gl6
t60n3l] -
to be surrounded [s3ra\ndd]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
UK Political System
, II,
.
It is limited by Parliament.
135
,
-
,
.
, .
.
.
,
.
-
.
.
.
, .
Vocabulary:
to be limited by [lmtd]
judiciary [d4u:d63r]
to derive [drav] ,
to be appointed [3p1ntd]
hereditary [hredt3r]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
136
Great Britain l
l
National Emblems in Great
Britain
,
, ,
.
VII
, .
,
.
,
.
- .
, -
.
, ,
,
-
.
It is called ashamrock.
137
Vocabulary:
emblem [embl3m]
throne [7r3\n]
thistle [7sl]
enemy [en3m]
leek [li:k] -
shamrock [60mr5k]
clover [kl3\v3]
Lancastrian [l0nk0str3n]
Yorkist [j1:kst]
Norsemen [n1:smen] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Geographical Position of
Great Britain
.
.
.
.
-.
.
,
.
.
325000 2.
.
138
Great Britain l
.
.
-.
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
integral [ntgr3l] ,
to be washed [w16t]
surface [s-:fes]
insular [nsjul3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Climate ofGreatBritain
.
.
139
:
,
,
.
,
.
,
-
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
, ,
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
weather [we93]
specific [sp3sfk] ,
to wait [wet]
picturesque [ pkt63resk]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
140
Great Britain l
l
From the History
of Great Britain
In 55 B. C. aRoman army of
10000 men crossed the Channel and
invaded Britain.
55
10000 .
, ,
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
, 54 . .
,
(25000 ).
,
, .
,
,
.
407 ..
141
, ,
, ,
.
, , ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
to invade [nved]
Celts [kelts]
to rush [r26]
chariot [t60r3t]
invincible [nvnsbl]
Caesar [si:z3]
Gloucester [gl5st3]
to drain [dren]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Outstanding Events in the
Life of Great Britain
142
England was added to the Roman Em
pire in 43 A. D.
Roman invasion played avery
important role in the history of the
country.
The Romans built the first roads in the
country, dug the first wells.
The Romans, who were great
architects, constructed the first towns
in Britain.
After the withdrawal of Roman legions
in 410, different tribes tried to control
the territory of Britain.
But the Normans influenced the
British civilization most of all.
They came in 1066 under the
leadership of William the Conqueror.
As the invaders spoke French, their
speech influenced the English lan
guage.
That is why English comprises alot of
French words and word combinations.
In the 18th century technological
and commercial innovation led to the
Industrial Revolution.
The thirteen North American Colonies
were lost, but replaced by colonies in
Canada and India.
Once more the British had to face the
French in 1805 at the battle of Trafal
gar.
Then Admiral Nelson won agreat
victory over the French fleet.
In order to commemorate this event
the main square in London is named
after this battle.
And the monument to Admiral Nelson
was erected on this square.
Many historical events and personalities
led the country to the position of the pow
erful and highly-developed state.
Great Britain l
43 . .
.
.
, .
,
,
.
410
.
.
1066
.
,
.
.
18
.
,
.
1805
.
.
.
.
.
143
Vocabulary:
to invade [nved]
colony [k5l3n]
Empire [m3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Tchaikovskyi in England
1861 . .
27
,
.
,
3,
.
1884 . ,
.
,
,
.
,
: ,
,
.
1893 . 50-
-.
144
Great Britain l
Vocabulary:
considerable [k3nsd3r3bl]
Norwegian [n5wi:d43n]
Honoris causa
[1:n3rsk1:s](.)
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
When did Tchaikovskyi first visit England for the first time?
Did he travel as atourist?
Who conducted Serenade for Strings and Suite No. 3?
Was it an important event in themusical life of Englands capital?
What was Tchaikovskyis most important symphonic music based on?
l
London the Capital
of the UK
,
,
.
.
11000000 .
.
.
.
: , ,
- -.
,
.
.
,
.
-
.
145
,
, , ,
.
-
.
, .
,
.
,
.
: ,
-,
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
financial [fan0n63l]
to be divided [dvadd]
,
seat [s:t]
government [g2v3nm3nt]
to strike [strak] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
146
Great Britain l
l
History of London
.
,
,
.
.
, ,
,
.
-
.
1066-
.
,
.
, ,
.
Time passed.
London grew and became agreat city.
1863-,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
invader [nved3]
settlement [setlm3nt]
147
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Places of Interest in London
:
, ,
,
, .
,
.
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
, .
,
.
148
Great Britain l
,
, , ,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
-
,
, .
-.
Vocabulary:
cathedral [k37i:dr3l]
prison[prz3n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Main Theatres in London
: , ,
.
.
;
, 3 .
149
,
,
.
, ,
, 1596 .
, ,
1597 .
1576 .
.
,
,
1577., .
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
notable [n3\t3bl]
audience [1:d3ns]
magnificent [m0gnfsnt]
,
to accommodate [3k5m3det]
;
flint [flnt]
marble [m:bl]
cunning [k2n8] ,
to erect [rekt] ,
separate [sep3r3t]
Swan Theatre [sw5n 73t3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
150
Great Britain l
l
Shopping in London
, ,
.
;
,
, ,
,
, ,
, .
230
20 ; 4000
50000 .
, ,
, , ,
,
;
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
20 .
1000
,
.
: ,
-.
151
1901-
.
-
, .
, .
Vocabulary:
Harrods [h0r3dz] ,
relationship [rle6n6p] ,
to assure [36\3]
department [dp:tm3nt]
to spread [spred]
acre [ek3]
staff [st:f]
premise [prems] :
,
execution [ekskju:6n]
,
Indian [nd3n]
equipment [kwpm3nt]
,
christening [krsn8]
merchant [m-:t63nt] ,
to regret [rgret]
in consequence of [k5nskw3ns]
frieze [fr:z]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
History of Wales
,
6 7-
,
43 .
,
.
,
, ,
.
152
Great Britain l
, 8
,
.
,
,
.
,
1282 .
,
1301 . I, ,
.
, 1969.
.
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
Celts [kelts]
Roman [r3\m3n]
Druids [dru:dz]
law [l1:]
century [sent63r]
to be defeated [df:td]
Saxsons [s0ksnz]
Llywelyn [lu:eln]
Harlech [h:lek]
Caernarfon [k3n:f3n]
Charles [t6:lz]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
153
l
Cities and Towns of Great
Britain
,
.
,
.
, ,
,
, .
,
.
, 1929
.
,
, .
,
,
,
, ,
.
,
.
154
Great Britain l
,
.
: ,
, , .
Vocabulary:
highly developed [hal dvel3pt]
clothes [kl3\9z]
Birmingham [b-:m83m]
cotton [k5t3n] ,
Edinburgh [ednb3r3]
shipyard [6pj:d]
university town [ju:nv-:st
ta\n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What big cities and towns are there in Great Britain? Name them.
What city is thecentre of thecotton industry in Great Britain?
What city is situated in theheart of England?
What is thetown of Edinburgh famous for?
Name theoldest university towns in Great Britain.
l
Sights of Great Britain
,
, ,
.
, 150
, .
155
:
, ,
, . ,
, .
11000000
.
2000 .
, .
,
.
,
, .
-
,
, .
-.
Vocabulary:
Stonehenge [st3\nhend4]
Embleside [emb3lsad]
Stephenson [sti:v3ns3n]
thousand [7a\z3nd]
residence [rezd3ns]
district [dstrkt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
156
Great Britain l
l
The English Mint
,
30.
:
20
1 ; 12
1.
(5),
.
100
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
mint [mnt]
to carry out [k0r a\t]
psychological [sak3l5d4k3l]
crown [kra\n] ()
issue [sju:]
to modernize [m5d3naz]
to be accustomed [3k2st3md]
157
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
UK Health Service
, .
:
-,
.
, ,
,
.
-.
,
, .
158
Great Britain l
,
.
, .
, ,
.
16.
,
.
Vocabulary:
to provide [pr3vad]
emergency treatment [m-:d43ns
tr:tm3nt]
optician [5pt63n]
nurse [n-:s]
physiotherapy [fz3\7er3p]
qualification [kw5lfke63n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
159
l
English Cookery and Meals
, ,
.
7 9
.
,
.
,
.
, .
,
, .
, ,
,
,
.
, ,
.
, ,
- .
,
.
160
Great Britain l
:
.
,
.
,
, .
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
, .
, -
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
exception [ksep6n]
meal [m:l]
porridge [p5rd4] ()
lunch [l2nt6] ,
fastidious [f3std3s] ,
to pour [p1:]
vice versa [vasv-:s3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
161
l
The English Character
-,
,
.
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
162
Great Britain l
.
,
, .
-
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
: , ,
.
,
,
,
, ()
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
character [k0r3kt3]
pride [prad]
superiority [s\p3r5rt]
insular [nsj\l3]
security [skj\3r3t]
pet [pet] ( )
exaggeration [g~z0d43re63n]
apparent [3p0r3nt] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
163
l
English Traditions
.
,
.
.
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
.
:
.
,
.
,
.
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
, .
, ,
, .
, ,
.
164
Great Britain l
,
, , .
, , ,
.
, ,
, , .
Vocabulary:
custom [k2st3m]
to keep up [k:p 2p]
fire-place [fa3ples]
pudding [pud8]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Gardening
,
, , ,
,
, .
165
.
,
, .
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
, .
,
.
Vocabulary:
gardening [g:dn8]
suburb [s2b-:b]
ordinary [1:dnr]
to surround [s3ra\nd]
patch [p0t6]
leisure [le43]
prize [praz] ,
prospect [pr5spekt]
competitive [k3mpet3tv]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
l
Fireplaces
166
Great Britain l
,
,
.
,
.
18
.
, .
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
fireplace [fa3ples]
focal point [f3\kl p1nt]
flame [flem]
Middle Ages [mdled4z]
castle [k:sl]
inn [n]
carved [k:vd]
painting [pent8]
grate [gret]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
167
l
Customs and Traditions in
Great Britain
.
.
,
, .
.
,
, .
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
, .
.
.
,
,
,
.
168
Great Britain l
,
.
-,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
steady [sted]
statement[stetm3nt]
glance [gl:ns]
Gaelic [gelk]
Eisteddfod [ast3df3d]
,
Questions:
1.
1.
3.
4.
5.
l
British Customs
.
.
169
,
,
.
,
, ,
,
.
,
, , ,
75 .
,
150 .
- (
).
, ,
60-
.
170
Great Britain l
20 .
8 .
,
.
Vocabulary:
town criers [ta\n kra3z]
handbell [h0ndbel]
Sussex [s2sks]
Mayor [me3]
to possess [p3zes] ,
fool [fu:l]
reason [r:zn]
Brighton [brat3n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What do you know about unusual traditions and customs in Great Britain?
Where are thecompetitors of Town Criers Rivalry rowed to?
How do they call an April Fool in Scotland?
What can you say about Veteran Car Run?
What is an important condition in Veteran Car Run?
l
The Ukrainian Diaspora
, .
.
( 2 )
;
.
, , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
.
18 ,
.
,
, .
171
19 .
19181920. .
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
30000 .
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
immigrant [mgr3nt]
emigrant [emgr3nt]
(, )
dozen [d2zn]
follower [f5l3\3]
to persecute [p-:sikju:t]
( )
to reside [rsad]
to witness [wtn3s]
grave [grev] , ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
.
: ,
.
.
,
, .
.
.
.
,
.
50
,
.
.
.
.
-
.
-,
-, , ,
.
.
173
,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
changeable [t6end43bl]
the Appalachians [~0p3let6j3nz]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Political System of the USA
1959
50.
- .
-
.
,
.
100,
435.
174
The USA l
,
.
,
.
,
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
to comprise [k3mpraz]
commander-in-chief
[k3m:nd3rnt6:f]
to be vested [vestd]
bill [bl]
to declare [dkle3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
175
l
Geographical Position of
the USA
- .
.
,
.
.
.
.
9400000 2.
256
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
-,
, ,
.
.
, , ,
.
176
The USA l
,
, , .
: , ,
, , .
, , , , ,
, , ,
.
1/4
.
Vocabulary:
to separate [sep3ret]
prairies [pr*3r3z]
desert [dez3t]
the Sierra Nevada Mountains [s3r3
n3v%:d3 ma\ntnz]
Ontario [5nte3r3\]
Huron [hju:3r3n]
Erie [3r]
Superior [sju:p3r3]
Michigan [m6g3n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Climate and Nature
of the USA
The USA is situated in the central part
of the North American Continent.
It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the
east, by the Pacific Ocean in the west
and by the Gulf of Mexico in the south.
The climate varies from moderate to
subtropical continental.
l
-
.
,
.
-.
l
Along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts it
is oceanic.
Most of the USA territory is marked by
sharp differences between winter and
summer.
Average winter temperature is about
25degrees below zero in Alaska
and up to 20degrees above zero in
Florida.
Average summer temperature varies
from 14 degrees above zero in the
western part and up to 32degrees
above zero in the southeast.
The largest amount of rainfall is noted
in Alaska and the southwest of the
country.
In winter the northern part of the USA
usually has asteady snow cover.
The largest rivers of the USA are the
Mississippi, the Missouri, the Yukon,
the Columbia, and the Colorado.
The Great Lakes are situated in the
northeast of the country.
The region of the Cordilleras has semi
deserts, while the rest of the territory
is rich in forests.
In California, where the climate is
usually mild, the famous fruit-raising
area is located.
Californian oranges, grapefruit and
lemons are sold all over the USA and
other parts of the world.
The plains of Wyoming, stretching for
hundreds of miles, are covered with
short grass and sagebrush.
This is the land of cattle- and sheep
breeding.
The south of the country has been an
agricultural region for many years.
It raises the nations cotton and tobacco.
The USA also grows wheat, corn and
different vegetables.
177
.
.
25
20
.
14
32
.
.
.
,
, , .
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
.
, .
178
The USA l
,
.
Vocabulary:
moderate [m5dret]
coast [k3\st]
Yukon [ju:k5n]
Wyoming [wa3\m8]
steady [sted]
wheat [w:t]
sagebrush [sed4br26]
treasure [tre43]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
From the History of the USA
.
.
,
.
(17561763)
.
,
.
1774
, ,
.
179
(1773).
-
.
, ,
.
1773
, ,
.
,
.
1775
.
4 1776
.
,
4
.
,
.
,
,
.
180
The USA l
(1777),
,
.
1783
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
prominent [pr5mn3nt]
independence [ndpend3ns]
pressure [pre63]
to increase [nkr:z]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l Discovery
1492
.
,
,
.
,
,
?
, , ,
,
, .
181
, , ,
,
.
,
.
6
3 : -,
.
9
1492.
12,
,
, .
,
, .
, .
15 1493
.
, ,
,
6 .
Vocabulary:
Christopher Columbus [krst5f3
k3l2mb3s]
discovery [dsk2v3r]
flat [fl0t]
to deny [dna]
crew [kru:]
182
The USA l
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l The Colonies
.
, ,
,
,
,
.
.
.
1620.
.
.
.
(
) 1620 .
, .
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
, ,
.
183
Vocabulary:
trade [tred]
Plymouth [plm37]
fortune [f1:t6n]
harvest [h:vst]
religious [rld43s]
convert [k3nv-:t] :
Native Americans[netv
3merk3nz]
Quarkers [kw1:k3z]
Irish Catholics [ar6 k073lks]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
( )
.
,
,
.
, ,
,
.
( ).
,
, .
.
1861 .
.
, , ,
, , , ,
, , .
184
The USA l
1 1863 .
.
1865.
1 1865 .
,
, , , .
, .
Vocabulary:
purpose [p-:p3s] ,
to restore [rst1:]
to determin [dt-:mn]
issue [sju:] ()
property [pr5p3t]
Southerners [s293n3z]
Questions:
1. What were thetwo main reasons for theCivil War?
2. Do you believe theSouthern states had theright to secede from
thenation?
3. Why do you think it was so important to theNorth to preserve thenation?
l
World War I
1914.,
.
,
.
,
7
1915.,
128 ,
1917 .
185
, 6 1917 .
,
, ,
.
1917 . 1918 .
.
,
11 1918.
Vocabulary:
sinking [s8k8]
troop [tru:p]
to arrive [3rav]
The Expeditionary Force [~eksp3d63n3r
f1:s]
Questions:
1. When did theWorld War Istart?
2. What events led to theinvolvement of America in thewar?
3. Who asked Congress for adeclaration of war against Germany?
l
The Northeast
l ,
-,
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
186
The USA l
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
, .
,
,
,
.
:
, , .
,
.
,
,
, , ,
.
,
.
187
Vocabulary:
skyscraper [skaskrep3]
fusion [fju:4n] ,
concrete [k5nkrt]
brook [br\k]
proximity [pr5ksm3t]
Questions:
1. What symbols belong to theMelting Pot?
2. What region reflects European culture and traditions?
3. What can avisitor see in this part of theNortheast?
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
,
().
6000
.
, ,
.
, .
,
().
, -,
.
188
The USA l
Vocabulary:
tiny [tan] ,
Philadelphia [~fl3delfj3]
Baltimore [b1:ltm1:]
vessel [vesl] ,
timber [tmb3]
mouth [ma\7]
harbour [h:b3]
Questions:
1. What does thesea mean to theindustrial Northeast?
2. Which cities are themost important seaports of thearea?
3. What is afish bowl?
l New England
,
.
,
- .
,
.
,
,
, .
Vocabulary:
primarily [pram3rl]
stormy [st1:m]
workshop [w-:k65p]
loom [lu:m]
189
Questions:
:
,
.
,
: ,
, ,
.
,
, , , ,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
base [bes] ,
rubber [r2b3] ,
Pennsylvania [~penslvenj3]
wagon [w0g3n] ,
cargo [k:g3]
Suez Canal [su:zk3n0l]
Questions:
1. What is themost important industry of thearea?
2. Which city is thecentre of steel making industry?
3. Is thecargo tonnage between Lake Superior and Lake Huron considerable?
190
The USA l
l
Outstanding Events from
the History of America
.
16
.
17
.
1620
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
4 1776
,
.
, 4
.
.
191
1777 ,
,
.
1783
.
1861
.
1930-
.
, .
,
.
Vocabulary:
voyage [v1d4] (
)
explorer [kspl5r3]
Plymouth [plm37]
Puritans [pju:rt3nz]
hope [h3\p]
to be connected [k3nektd]
to appear [3p3]
German [d4-:m3n]
Dutch [d2t6]
Swedish [swi:d6]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
192
The USA l
l
Washington the Capital of
the USA
, ,
1791 .
.
.
.
, .
.
,
.
1800 ,
,
.
132 .
,
, ,
.
1418 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
193
, -
.
Vocabulary:
residence [rezd3ns]
sights [sats]
George [d41:d4]
William Thornton [wlj3m
71:nt3n]
tomb[tu:m]
to contain [k3nten]
to bury [ber]
Arlington Cemetery [%:l8t3n
semtr]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Places of Interest in
Washington
.
, .
.
.
, .
, .
,
,
, ,
.
194
The USA l
,
,
555 .
,
.
Vocabulary:
monument [m5nj\m3nt]
,
skyscraper [skaskrep3]
cementery [semtr]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Cities and Towns
of the USA
, , ,
,
.
l
The capital owes much to the first
President of the USA George
Washington.
It was G. Washington, who chose the
place for the capital and laid in 1790
the corner-stone of the Capitol, where
Congress sits.
Washington has many historical places.
The largest and highest among the
buildings is the Capitol with its great
House of Representatives and the
Senate chamber.
There are no sky-scrapers in Washing
ton because no other building must
be higher than the Capitol.
New York is the largest city in the USA
and the biggest sea-port.
It is situated in the mouth of the
Hudson River.
New York was founded by the Dutch.
It is interesting to know that Manhattan
Island the central part of New
York was bought from the local
Indians by the Dutch for 24 dollars.
That was the most profitable commer
cial deal in the US history.
Today Manhattan is the heart of busi
ness and commercial life of the country.
New York is the city of skyscrapers.
The highest of them is the
102storeyed building.
There are many other places of
interest in New York: Central Park,
Times Square, Rockefeller Centre,
the shopping districts and the United
Nations Building.
In Manhattan, at Broadway, there
is Columbia University, one of the
biggest universities of the USA.
Another large city of the USA is
Boston, one of the first cities which
195
.
1790
, .
.
.
,
.
-
.
.
-
.
,
24
.
.
.
- .
102
.
-
:
, -,
,
.
,
.
, ,
196
The USA l
.
,
.
.
-.
-
.
-
.
Vocabulary:
comparison [k3mp0rsn]
heart [h:t]
cultural [k2lt63r3l]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Sights of the USA
.
.
.
1912 .
.
,
,
.
197
1888 .
,
.
,
.
,
.
1776 .
-
.
,
-,
.
198
The USA l
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
cherry tree [t6er tr:]
Japan [d43p0n]
NASA [n0s3] National
Aeronautics and Space
Administration
to forbid [f3bd]
freedom [fr:d3m] ,
Pennsylvania Avenue [~penslvenj3
0v3nju:]
Statue of Liberty [st0tj\3v
lb3t]
Houston [hju:st3n]
Texas [teks3s]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
American Customs and
Traditions
,
.
,
20, 30 .
.
,
,
, .
,
.
, .
,
, , ,
199
,
, ,
.
, ,
, .
1
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
200
The USA l
,
,
, ,
, ,
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
way of life [we 3v laf]
job [j5b]
adventure [3dvent63]
sociability [s3\63blt]
hospitality [ h5spt0lt]
Halloween [~h0l3\i:n]
Druid [dru:d]
reign [ren] ;
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
American Food and Drink
?
: ,
,
, ,
...
,
.
.
.
.
.
1847-
,
.
,
.
201
,
.
,
.
,
, .
,
,
.
, ,
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
part [p:t]
Italian [t0l3n]
Mexican [meksk3n]
Chinese [t6an:z]
tradition [tr3d6n]
restaurant [restr5nt]
doughnut [d3\n2t]
Holland [h5l3nd]
hamburger [h0mb-:g3]
help yourself
doggy bag
,
instead [nsted]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
V. Canada ()
l
Canada
10
.
-
.
10 2.
,
.
:
, , ,
, .
, , ,
,
.
,
, , -
.
,
, , , .
203
.
60%
27% .
, , ,
, .
.
.
Vocabulary:
Ottawa [5t3w3]
fur-bearing animals[f-: be3r8
0nm3lz]
non-ferrous metals [n5nfer3s
met3lz]
equipment [ekwpm3nt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Geographical Position of
Canada
-
.
.
,
.
.
204
Canada l
: ,
.
: , ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
25 .
, ,
, .
,
.
Vocabulary:
the Pacific Ocean [p3sf3\63n]
the Arctic Ocean [%:kt3\63n]
Newfoundland [~nju:f3ndl0nd]
glacier [gl0s3]
exceptionally [ksep63n3l]
significant [sgnfk3nt]
the Mackenzie [m3kenz] .
the Yukon [ju:k5n] .
205
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Climate and Nature of
Canada
.
,
.
.
.
.
910 .
, .
35 .
4 .
, .
.
.
.
4 .
206
Canada l
21
.
.
.
.
,
.
,
: .
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
average [0vrd4]
subarctic [s2b:ktk]
bay [be]
rainfall [renf1:l]
fertile [f-:tal]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Outstanding Historical
Events of Canada
.
15
.
.
207
1497.
,
.
16 ,
,
,
.
1763,
.
.
.
.
1837
.
.
, 1867 ,
,
.
.
, 1867
.
.
Vocabulary:
tribe [trab]
Jacques Carter [d40k3s k%:t3]
the Saint Lawrence River [s3ntl1:r3ns
rv3]
settler [setl3]
discussion[dsk26n]
possession [p3ze6n]
rebellion [rbelj3n]
208
Canada l
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Political System of Canada
.
,
II,
,
-.
.
.
.
.
:
,
.
104 .
-.
,
.
5 .
.
-
,
.
209
20
, -
.
-
,
.
1982 .
Vocabulary:
federal [fed3r3l]
the Governor General [93 g2v3n3
d4en3r3l] -
Elizabeth II [lz3b37] II
Senate [sent]
province[pr5vns]
to disappear [ds3p3]
influential [nflu3n63l]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Canadian Cities and Towns
210
Canada l
, .
, ,
.
20 .
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
5000
.
,
.
211
Vocabulary:
picturesque [pkt63resk]
major [med43]
descendant [dsend3nt]
electronic enterprises [elktr5nk
ent3prazz]
snow-capped [sn3\k0pt]
()
Montreal [m5ntr1:l]
St Lawrence River [sentl1:r3ns
rv3]
Vancouver [v0nku:v3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
The Ukrainian Diaspora in
Canada
, .
( 2 )
;
.
7 1891 .
,
.
,
.
,
.
212
Canada l
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
12 .
, ,
,
.
Vocabulary:
community [k3mj\nt]
community centre [k3mj\nt
sent3]
amateur art group [0m3t3]
publishing house [p2bl68 ha\s]
legacy [leg3s]
to preserve [prz-:v]
to be discriminated
[dskrmnetd]
to be exploited [kspl1td]
prominent [pr5mn3nt]
illiterate [lt3r3t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
VI. Australia ()
l
Australia
, ,
,
.
,
.
8 2.
,
.
,
1927 .
1787 1867
,
.
,
, , ,
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
, .
214
Australia l
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
Tasmania [t0zmen3]
Canberra [k0nb3r3]
British Empire [brt6 empa3]
useless [ju:sl3s]
Commonwealth of Australia
[k5m3nwel7]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Geographical Position of
Australia
,
,
.
,
.
.
.
215
.
.
-
.
,
.
20 30 .
,
.
12 20 .
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
, , , .
,
.
Vocabulary:
plain [plen]
Asia [e63]
the Timor Sea [tm1: si:]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
216
Australia l
l
Climate and Nature
of Australia
,
.
,
.
20 30 .
,
.
12 20 .
-
.
,
,
.
, .
217
.
.
, ,
.
.
Vocabulary:
isolation [as3le6n] ,
trunk [tr28k]
eucalyptus [ju:k3lpt3s]
acacia [3ke63]
species [spi:6i:z] ;
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
New Zealand the Country
of Long White Clouds
,
,
.
.
.
1000 .
.
19
.
, .
.
,
.
,
.
218
Australia l
.
.
.
.
.
, .
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
Maoris [ma\rz]
Polynesian [p5lni:z3n]
Commonwealth [k5m3nwel7]
to settle [setl] ,
to survive [s3vav]
219
feature [f:t63]
features[f:t63z]
geyser [gez3]
earthquake [3:7kwek]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Outstanding Historical
Events of Australia
,
, ,
.
1606 .
17
.
1770 ,
,
.
220
Australia l
1787
, .
1793
, ,
.
50- 19
.
,
.
.
.
.
1900
.
1901
.
.
Vocabulary:
geological [d4:3ul5d4k3l]
to reach [r:t6]
Willem Jansz [wl3m d40nts]
Dutch [d2t6]
to land [l0nd]
investigate [nvestget]
criminal [krmn3l]
,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
221
l
Political System of Australia
-,
.
-
,
.
,
.
6.
-.
:
.
1930-
.
1931
.
222
Australia l
Vocabulary:
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Australian Cities and Towns
20-
,
260000.
,
.
100.
,
.
223
1927
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
Canberra [k0nb3r3]
comparatively [k3mper3tvl]
several [sev3r3l]
charm [t6:m]
bowl [ba\l]
overturned [3\v3t-:nd]
boulevard [bu:l3w%:d]
Melbourne [melb3n]
Sydney [sdn]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
, ,
.
7 1985
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
11
.
,
.
, .
225
,
.
,
, .
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
to introduce [tr3dju:s]
to remember [rmemb3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
About Myself
My name is Victor.
My surname is Ivanov.
Iwas born on April 7, 1987 in Kharkiv.
.
.
7 1987
.
.
.
9
.
226
About Myself l
,
,
, .
,
,
.
,
.
My hobby is drawing.
:
, ,
.
,
.
,
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
surname [s-:nem]
secondary school [sek3nd3r
sku:l]
teenager [t:ned43]
drawing [dr1:8]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
227
l
My Birthday
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
, ,
, , ,
, .
,
.
.
.
Vocabulary:
to be excited [ksatd]
pullover [p\l3\v3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
228
About Myself l
l
My Family
, .
, .
.
.
, ,
45.
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
, , ,
.
.
.
229
,
,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
:
, ,
.
, .
Vocabulary:
industrial district [nd2str3l
dstrkt]
to agree [3gr:]
well-built [welblt]
to prefer [prf-:]
relatives [rel3tvz]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Parents
37 .
,
40.
230
About Myself l
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
,
,
- .
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
job [j5b]
to spend [spend]
to respect [rspekt]
free [fr:]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
About My Mother
.
.
, -,
.
,
.
231
,
.
,
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
mind [mand]
figure [fg3]
accountant [3ka\nt3nt]
possible [p5sbl]
person [p-:s3n] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Parents Working
Day
My father is abusinessman.
,
.
232
About Myself l
.
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
busy [bz]
manager [m0nd43]
meanwhile [m:nwal]
due to [dju:]
unbreakable [2nbrek3bl]
precisely [prsasl]
housewife [ha\swaf]
birth [b-:7]
technology [tekn5l3d4]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
233
l
My Parents Vacation
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
, ,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
-,
,
.
, .
234
About Myself l
Vocabulary:
hard [h:d]
to prefer [prf-:]
to include [nklu:d]
steamer [st:m3]
excursion [ksk-:6n]
to relax [rl0ks]
to be polluted [p3lu:td]
competition [k5mp3t6n]
to gather [g093]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
My Friend
, -
,
.
He is eighteen.
18 .
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
235
,
.
, .
He is fond of driving.
,
.
,
, .
Vocabulary:
sociable [s3\63bl]
to discuss[dsk2s]
to be fond of [b f5nd 3v]
to be happy [h0p]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Appearance
, ,
?
,
,
,
.
, .
236
About Myself l
,
, , .
,
.
,
.
, ,
- ,
, , .
,
.
, ,
.
.
.
Vocabulary:
attractive [3tr0ktv]
handsome [h0ns3m]
as arule [0z 3 ru:l]
ugly [2gl]
plain [plen] ,
to worry [w2r]
personality [p-:s3n0lt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Is it important to be pretty?
Are beautiful people happy? Why?
Why can it be aproblem to be abeautiful woman?
Why dont people want to be plain?
What do you think about it?
l
Character
,
: , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , , .
237
16.
,
.
- .
,
.
,
.
, .
- .
,
.
Vocabulary:
character [k0r3kt3]
generous [d4en3r3s]
rude [ru:d]
greedy [gr:d]
clothes of latest fashion [kl3\9s 3v
let3st f06n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
238
About Myself l
l
Our House and Flat
It is very comfortable.
,
, , ,
.
:
.
It is nicely furnished.
,
.
, ,
.
239
,
.
,
.
, .
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
block of flats [bl5k 3v fl0ts]
comfortable [k2mf3t3bl]
to serve [s-:v]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
240
About Myself l
l
My Favourite Room
,
.
: ,
, ,
.
, .
, .
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
, ,
, .
,
- .
241
Vocabulary:
study [st2d]
great granddad [gret gr0nd0d]
century [sent63r] ,
fairy-like [fe3rlak] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Friends House
- .
,
.
242
About Myself l
.
.
.
, .
.
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
former [f1:m3]
lawn [l1:n]
furniture [f-:nt63]
curtain [k-:tn]
double bed [d2bl bed]
wardrobe [w1:dr3\b]
bedspread [bedspred]
to arrange [3rend4]
,
suite [sw:t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
An Ideal House
, ,
, , , ,
.
,
?
, ,
, ,
, ,
.
243
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
,
-.
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
reflection [rflek6n]
detached [dt0t6t]
semidetached [semdt0t6t]
washbasin [w56besn]
suburb [s2b-:b]
to come true [k2m tru:]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
244
About Myself l
l
The House of My Dream
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
245
, .
,
.
,
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
dwelling [dwel8] ,
since thetime immemorial
cosy [k3\z]
mansion [m0n6n]
fitted carpet [ftd k:pt]
suite [sw:t]
hood [hu:d]
dressing table [dres8 tebl]
terrace [ter3s]
to wipe [wap]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l My Working Day
7
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, .
246
10 minutes later Iam ready for break
fast.
After breakfast Iput on my coat, take
mybag and go to school.
As Ilive not far from school, it takes
me only five or seven minutes to get
there.
Idont want to be late for the first
lesson so Icome to school a few
minutes before the bell.
Ileave my coat in the cloakroom and
go upstairs to the classroom.
The lessons begin at eight oclock in
the morning and they are over at half
past one in the afternoon.
After classes Igo home and have
dinner there.
After dinner Ihave ashort rest, read
newspapers and magazines.
Then Ido my homework.
We do many subjects at school and it
takes me three or even more hours to
do my homework.
Sometimes Igo to the library to get
ready for my practical classes or to
write areport.
As arule Ihave no free time on my
week-days.
Eight oclock is supper time in our
family.
We all get together in the kitchen,
then go to the sitting room and watch
TV, read books or discuss different
problems.
Twice aweek Igo to school in the
evening to play volleyball.
Iam amember of the school volleyball
team and we have our training classes
rather late.
At about eleven at night Igo to bed.
About Myself l
.
,
.
, ,
57 .
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
.
, .
.
247
Vocabulary:
to be late [let]
as arule [0z 3 ru:l]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
After School
,
,
.
,
, .
,
,
.
,
, .
, ,
.
,
;
,
, .
248
About Myself l
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
?
,
.
,
.
:
,
.
,
-.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
to go in for [g3\n f1:]
()
Questions:
1. What do you like to do after school?
2. Can you do what you like or are there things you must do?
3. Does your school have playing fields?
4. What is your favourite kind of sport?
5. What out-of-school activities are you fond of?
249
l
Our Duties about
the House
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
, .
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
250
About Myself l
Vocabulary:
hardworking [h:dw-:k8]
to cook [k\k]
to invite [nvat]
carpentry [k:pntr]
to divide [dvad]
to wring out [r8]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Day Off
,
.
, .
, 10 .
-
.
- .
,
.
,
.
251
Vocabulary:
country[k2ntr]
chess[t6es]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Everyday Meals
23
4 .
, .
, ,
.
, .
,
7 .
, .
12 .
3 4 .
,
.
252
About Myself l
,, .
It is at seven or eight.
7 8 .
,
.
, , .
Vocabulary:
opportunity [5p3tju:nt]
snack [sn0k] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Shops and Shopping
- ,
,
.
,
.
, , , , ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
253
:
? ?
.
,
.
,
.
, .
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
, .
Vocabulary:
shop window [65pwnd3\]
butchers [b\t63z]
greengrocers [gr:ngr3\s3z]
jewellery [d4u:3lr]
counter [ka\nt3]
price [pras]
grocers [gr3\s3z]
bakers [bek3z]
cashier [k063]
customer [k2st3m3]
shop-lifter [65plft3]
crime [kram]
254
About Myself l
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
Animals
, ,
.
, , ,
.
, .
, ,
.
,
, .
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
, , ,
.
255
,
.
, ,
, .
,
.
,
, .
Vocabulary:
jungles [d428glz]
domestic [d3mestk]
animal-trainer [0nmltren3]
guard [g:d] ,
delicious [dl63s]
funny [f2n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Pets
, , ,
.
,
.
256
About Myself l
,
.
,
, .
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
hamster [h0mst3]
master [m:st3]
care [ke3]
to cure [kju:3]
mood [mu:d]
in general [d4enrl]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
Choosing aCareer
257
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
, .
,
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
areer [k0r3]
language skills [l08gwd4 sklz]
to improve [mpru:v] ,
choice [t61s]
department [dp:tm3nt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
258
About Myself l
l
My Future Profession
.
:
, , .
2000 .
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
, ,
,
,
.
259
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
beginning [bgn8]
easy [:z]
advice [3dvas]
to decide [dsad]
to apply [3pla]
( )
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Plans for the Future
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
260
About Myself l
,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
to suppose [s3p3\z]
to communicate [k3mju:nket]
to gain [gen]
enough [n2f]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
AGood Beginning Makes
aGood Ending
-
.
,
.
,
.
, .
, 10 11
.
261
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
-
,
, .
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
adult [0d2lt]
perhaps [p3h0ps]
decision [ds4n]
knowledge [kn3\ld4] ,
Questions:
1. How do you understand such a phrase as a good beginning makes agood
ending?
2. How do you spend your free time?
3. Have you got enough free time?
4. What do you think is more interesting to study subjects or get practical
work?
262
About Myself l
l
ACitizen Is Not
aProfession
,
,
.
To be acitizen means to be
responsible for ones work, for the
future of our country.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
, .
,
.
,
?
263
,
,
,
,
, .
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
citizen [stzn]
to improve [mpru:v]
to be responsible [rsp5ns3bl]
labour [leb3]
society [s3sat]
Questions:
1. How do you learn to be acitizen?
2. Whose examples can teach you to become agood citizen of our country?
3. What are you responsible for as amember of your family and apupil of your
school?
VIII. In School ( )
l
Our School
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
, .
,
.
,
,
.
265
,
,
,
. .
,
, ,
.
,
.
-
.
Vocabulary:
table [tebl]
assembly [3sembl] ()
balloon [b3lu:n]
junior [d4u:n3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
266
In School l
l
My School
,
.
,
.
.
.
, , ,
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
typical design [tpk3l dzan]
physical [fzk3l]
gymnasium [d4mnez3m]
workshops [w-:k65ps]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
267
l
Our Classroom
,
,
- .
,
.
,
.
, .
,
.
Vocabulary:
curtain [k-:tn] ,
diagram [da3gr0m]
pot plant [p5t pl:nt]
violet [va3lt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
268
In School l
l
The School Library
, ,
, .
,
.
,
.
, ,
,
,
, , : ,
, , ,
, .
, .
,
.
,
,
.
269
,
.
Vocabulary:
publications [ p2blke6nz]
necessary [nes3s3r] ,
modern [m5dn]
to solve [s5lv]
magazine [m0g3z:n]
report [rp1:t]
to contain [k3nten]
stand [st0nd] ,
to illustrate [l3stret]
exposition [eksp3z6n]
dispute [dspju:t] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Favourite Subject
.
,
, ,
.
.
, , ,
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
270
In School l
,
.
, -
.
Vocabulary:
important[mp1:t3nt]
language[l08gwd4]
William Shakespeare [wlj3m
6eksp3]
Walter Scott [w5lt3 sk5t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Our Teacher of English
, ,
,
.
271
,
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
energetic [en3d4etk]
to discuss [dsk2s]
to be afraid [3fred]
mistake [mstek]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
My Attitude to the
Profession of aTeacher
, .
272
In School l
,
.
,
.
, .
,
,
.
, .
,
.
, ,
,
.
Vocabulary:
to solve [s5lv]
to pay attention [pe 3ten6n]
to instruct [nstr2kt]
to demand [dm:nd]
to respect [rspekt]
patience [pe63ns]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
273
l
Academic Subjects
:
,
, .
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
different [df3r3nt]
subject [s2bd4kt]
()
opportunity [5p3tju:nt]
education [edjuke6n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
274
In School l
l
At an English Lesson
14 .
: , ,
.
Ilearn English.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
, .
,
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
, .
275
Vocabulary:
conversation [k5nv-:se6n]
rule [ru:l]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
At the Physical Training
Lesson
.
, .
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
.
, ,
.
.
.
.
.
276
In School l
, ,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
gymnasium [d4mnez3m]
to line up [lan 2p]
to pull up [p\l 2p]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Education in Ukraine
,
.
,
,
.
277
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
- .
-
.
278
In School l
,
.
Vocabulary:
system [sst3m]
to include [nklu:d]
technical school [teknk3l
sku:l]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Education in Great
Britain
57 .
,
.
, ,
.
:
,
, ,
, .
,
,
.
9.
10 ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
280
112.
1 10,
100.
,
11+,
.
45 %
16 .
Vocabulary:
glue [glu:]
junior school [d4u:n3 sku:l]
examination [gz0mne6n]
to continue [k3ntnju:]
employment [mpl1m3nt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Education in the USA
,
.
,
.
281
,
.
16
,
.
: , ,
, ,
, ,
, , , . .
, ,
,
,
.
,
:
, ,
, .
282
,
.
:
.
Vocabulary:
to differ [df3]
free [fr:]
fee paying [f: pe8]
Questions:
1. Does theAmerican system of school education differ from thesystems in
other countries?
2. What kinds of schools are there in theUSA?
3. Is it true that each state has its own system of public schools?
l
Education in Canada
,
.
6 16 ,
14 .
,
.
,
11- .
12-
,
13- .
16 ,
712 .
283
,
.
,
.
-
.
,
,
34
.
,
,
,
.
284
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Education in Australia
.
.
-
.
:
.
.
.
80%
, 20%
.
6 15 .
6+4+2 7+3+2.
5 .
1 6
7.
285
3 4 .
.
.
, ,
.
.
.
Vocabulary:
to exist [gzst]
still [stl]
obligatory [3blg3tr]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Education in Our Life
,
.
286
During all the periods of human history
education ranked high among people.
Human progress mostly depended
upon well-educated people.
Self-education is very important for
the development of humans talents.
Only through self-education
aperson can become aharmonically
developed personality.
Aperson becomes ahighly qualified
specialist after getting some special
education.
And professionalism can be reached
only through it.
Even highly qualified specialists from
time to time attend refresher courses
to refresh their knowledge.
.
,
-.
, .
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
:
.
287
Vocabulary:
important [mp1:t3nt]
valuable [v0lj3bl]
self-education [selfedj\ke6n]
qualified [kw1:lfad]
personality [ p-:s3n0lt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Foreign Languages in Our
Life
,
.
,
,
,
.
, ,
,
, .
,
.
Istudy English.
, ,
.
300 .
288
,
, ,
, .
, , .
,
.
,
, ,
.
: ,
, .
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
effort [ef3t]
outlook [a\tl\k]
polyglot [p5lgl5t]
trade [tred]
mother tongue [m293 t28]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
289
l
Learning Foreign
Languages
11 .
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
290
privilege [prvld4]
techniques [tekn:ks]
modern society [m1:d3n s3sa3t]
original [5rd4n3l]
culture [k2lt63]
to get acquainted [3kwentd]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Why ILearn the English
Language
,
7 .
,
-
.
;
.
,
, ,
, ,
- ,
.
.
.
,
.
-,
!
291
:
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
official language [3f6l l08gwd4]
United Nations Organization
[junatd ne6nz 1:g3naze6n]
Shakespeare[6eksp3]
Byron [bar3n]
Charles Dickens [t6:rlz dk3nz]
Winnie-the-Pooh [wn 93 pu:]
-
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
X. Entertainment ()
l
Music in Our Life
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
: , , ,
, .
- -.
, .
,
.
-.
,
.
293
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
classical music [kl0sk3l mju:zk]
symphonic [smf5nk]
dull [d2l]
record [rek1:d]
achievement [3t6:vm3nt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
At the Theatre
,
.
,
.
7 .
294
Entertainment l
,
, .
,
.
We alsoapplauded enthusiastically.
Vocabulary:
swan [sw1:n]
enthusiastically
[in 7ju:z0stk3l]
success [s3kses]
to impress [mpres] ,
to enjoy [nd41]
,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
At the Cinema
,
.
295
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
-
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
Vocabulary:
feature films [f:t63 flmz]
cartoon [k:tu:n]
science films [sa3ns flmz]
-
screen version [skr:n v-:6n]
296
Entertainment l
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Cinema in Our Life
.
.
1828
.
1895- ,
.
.
1904 .
1907
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
297
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
,
.
, .
Vocabulary:
truly [tru:l] ,
movies [mu:vz]
aesthetic [:s7etk]
force [f1:s]
to invent [nvent]
purpose [p-:p3s]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Cinema
,
.
, .
, ,
.
298
Entertainment l
,
.
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
, ,
,
-,
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
Lumyer [lu:mje]
to invent [nvent]
animated cartoons [3nmetd
k:tu:nz]
as arule [ru:l]
to amuse [3mju:z]
to attract [3tr0kt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
299
l
Cinema in Ukraine
1896- .,
.
1907.
1927-
.
II
.
4 .
, ,
.
.
.
.
.
1946
.
300
Entertainment l
1983
..
Vocabulary:
newsreel [nju:zri:l]
cinematography [sn3m3t5gr3f]
defence [dfens]
domestic [d3mestk]
documentary [d5kj\mentr]
prize [praz] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
At the Museum
, ,
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
301
,
.
.
.
.
, .
.
.
Vocabulary:
exhibit [gzbt]
coin [k1n]
ancient [en63nt]
guide [gad] ,
arm [:m]
aquarium [3kw1:r3m]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
Kharkiv Museums
,
.
,
.
,
;
, ,
.
.
302
The Museum building is not very large
but it contains arich collection of
paintings by Russian, Ukrainian and
West European painters.
There are pictures by Russian
painters Brulov, Kramskoy, Shishkin
and Repin.
By the way, Repin was born in Chuguyiv
not far from Kharkiv; there is avery
good museum of Repin in Chuguyiv.
In the Kharkiv Picture Gallery there
are several paintings by Repin.
My favourite Repins picture is Za
porozhtsi; it shows Zaporizhian
Cossacks writing aletter to aTurkish
sultan.
I believe Repins picture Zaporozhtsi
reflects the soul of the Ukrainian people,
shows the best national characteristics.
My favourite Ukrainian painter is Semi
radsky.
Semiradsky is also our fellow-coun
tryman; he was born in 1843 in the
village of Petchenegi.
Semiradsky is arepresentative of
the academic painting, and he was
much criticised because he painted
historical scenes but the real life.
But Ilike his pictures because they
are painted with agreat skill.
The Museum also contains sculptures
by Russian and Ukrainian sculptors,
pictures by Italian Renaissance
painters and paintings by French,
Flemish and German artists.
Another museum is the Museum of
the Natural History which is situated in
the centre of the city, too.
This Museum is famous for its
zoological collection; it shows
dinosaur fossils, fossil footprints and
eggs, collections of butterflies and
stuffed animals and birds.
Entertainment l
,
,
.
, ,
.
,
;
.
.
;
,
.
,
,
.
.
; 1843
.
,
,
, .
,
.
,
,
.
.
;
,
,
.
303
,
;
.
; ,
.
.
, .
;
, ,
, .
; ,
.
.
Vocabulary:
coin [k1n]
Museum of Fine Arts [mjuz3m fan
:ts]
Renaissance [rnes%:s]
to reflect [rflekt] ,
fellow-countryman [fel3\
k2ntrm0n]
footprints [fu:tprnts]
stuffed animal [st2ft 0nm3l]
representative [r3przent3tv]
skill [skl]
Museum of theNatural History
[mjuz3m n0t6r3l hst3r]
fossils [f5sl] ,
soul [s3\l]
weapon [wep3n]
aquarium [3kw1:r3m]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
304
Entertainment l
l
My Last Visit to
the Circus
,
.
, .
,
.
:
, ,
.
,
.
,
-.
305
,
.
,
, ,
.
, .
Vocabulary:
cloak-room [kl3\kru:m]
acrobat [0kr3b0t]
rope walker [r3\pw1:k3]
juggler [d42gl3]
circus band [s-:k3sb0nd]
to conduct [k3nd2kt]
cotton-candy [k5tn k0nd]
animal trainer [0nml tren3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
My Favourite Occupation
,
,
.
: .
,
10 .
306
Entertainment l
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
12 .
,
.
-, .
,
.
Vocabulary:
to do well [du: wel]
to try [tra]
occupation [5kj\pe6n]
complicated [k5mplketd]
to cut [k2t] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
307
l
Hobby
, .
, ,
.
,
.
: , ,
.
, .
, .
,
.
, .
,
,
.
,
,
.
308
Entertainment l
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
for example [f1(r) gz:mpl]
to sew [s1:]
to look through [7ru:]
to repair [rpe3] ,
collection [k1lek6n]
stamp [st0mp]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Hobby
,
.
, ,
.
.
, ,
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
309
, ,
, , .
, ,
.
, ,
.
, .
Vocabulary:
unfortunately [2nf1:t63ntl]
spare [spe3]
crossword [kr5sw-:d]
puzzle [p2zl]
scientific [sa3ntfk]
Scandinavian [sk0ndnev3n]
detective [dtektv]
to solve [s5lv]
Hungarian [h2nge3r3n]
Japanese [d40p3n:z]
to ontain [k3nten]
to make up [mek 2p]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Music in Ukraine
, .
,
, ,
.
310
Entertainment l
, ,
.
, , 10
, .
,
, ,
,
.
, ,
, .
Among his operas there are the wellknown Taras Bulba and Natalka
Poltavka.
,
.
(19241926).
1962 .
., ..
- 70- .
,
-
, , ,
.
,
, ,
.
311
Vocabulary:
folk [f3\k]
philharmonic [fil:m5nk]
to mention [men6n]
jazz orchestra [d40z 1:kstr3]
genre [d4:nr3]
throughout [7ru:a\t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
American Music
, ,
.
, , ,
, , ,
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
.
.
,
--.
312
Entertainment l
,
.
,
.
,
.
And one can say that rhythm-andblues was the beginning of modern
dancing music.
--
.
Vocabulary:
to settle [setl]
Europeans [j\3r3pi:3nz]
composer [k3mp3\z3]
Irish [ar6]
generation [d4en3re6n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Music in Great Britain
(16591695),
,
17.
.
.
313
.
.
(19131976).
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
Henry Purcell [henr p-:rsl]
King Arthur [k8%:73]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
314
Entertainment l
l
Madame Tussauds
,
.
,
81 ,
.
,
.
.
.
,
,
.
.,
. .
200
2-
.
, :
,
,
.
,
.
.
., ,
, .
, .
, .
Vocabulary:
chat [t60t] ,
wax [w0ks]
beneath [bn:7]
to fascinate [f0snet]
cathedral [k37:dr3l]
Tussaud [t3s3\]
Chamber of Horrors [t60mb3
3vh5r3z]
Sir Christopher Wren [s-:krst5f3
ren]
315
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Favourite Video Film
.
,
1912 .
.
:
,
.
.
.
-, .
.
,
.
.
.
.
11 ,
, .
Vocabulary:
Titanic [tat0nk]
James Cameron [d4emz k0mer3n]
colossal [k3l5s3l]
tragic [tr0d4k]
acting [0kt8] ()
full-size model[f\l saz m5dl]
316
Entertainment l
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Television
in Great Britain
(
)
, ,
50 .
, 1936
.
,
.
,
.
1955-
, 1982-
.
.
,
,
.
-
,
, , ,
,
.
,
.
317
,
.
,
- .
Vocabulary:
nowadays [na\3dez] ,
BBC [bi:bi: si:] British
Broadcasting Corporation
to transmit [tr0nsmt]
to provide [pr3vad]
broadcasting [br5dk%:st8]
interview [nt3vju:]
to attract [3tr0kt]
Authority [1:75rt]
,
Eurovision [j\3r3\~v43n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
My Favourite
TV Programme
,
.
.
318
Entertainment l
,
.
,
,
.
,
, .
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
to introduce [ntr3dju:s]
to feel [f:l]
joke [d43\k]
united [ju:natd]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Favourite
Cinema Actor
319
,
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
:
?
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
to attend [3tend]
film show [flm 63\]
former Soviet Union [f1:m3
s3\v3t ju:nj3n]
All-Union Institute of
theCinematography [1:l ju:nj3n
nsttju:t sn3m3t5gr3f]
spectators [sp3ktet3z]
The Caucasian Prisoner
[k1:k3z3n prz3n3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
,
24.
1991
,
.
.
9
.
, .
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
8
.
,
, .
,
,
.
,
, .
321
Vocabulary:
to celebrate [selbret]
Christmas [krsm0s]
Easter [:st3]
Jesus Christ [d4i:z3s krast]
to congratulate [k3ngr0tj\let]
solidarity [s5ld0r3t]
to invite [nvat]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Ukrainian Holidays
,
.
: ,
1, ,
,
.
,
.
, 9 .
,
8 ,
.
, .
,
.
322
7 .
25.
,
.
, :
.
,
.
,
.
,,
,
24 .
1991
.
Vocabulary:
Resurrection [r3z3rek6n]
to carry [k0r]
fascism [f06zm]
present [prez3nt]
323
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Ukrainian Traditions and
Religious Festivals
, ,
:
,
.
.
, 1 .
.
.
:
.
12
!.
14
.
13
:
, .
324
,
,
.
6 ;
.
,
12
;
,
.
,
,
.
;
,
.
,
(19).
,
.
,
.
:
.
325
,
, , ,
.
: ,
,
.
, ,
!
.
.
.
Vocabulary:
dwelling [dwel8] ,
carol [k0rl] ,
Holy [h5l]
Orthodox [1:73d5ks]
to pray [pre]
to glorify [gl5rfa]
Jordanian Holiday
to consecrate [k5nskret]
Questions:
1. What are themost important religious festivals of theOrthodox Church in
Ukraine?
2. When do we observe Christmas in Ukraine?
3. How do people in Ukraine celebrate theNew Year?
4. What is theJordanian Holiday?
l
Easter in Ukraine
.
.
, 3000
,
.
326
7 .
.
.
, .
.
.
.
.
,
,
.
,
, .
, ,
, .
.
.
, , .
Vocabulary:
shell [6el]
archaeological [:k3l5d4kl]
design [dzan] ,
advent [0dvent]
to dye [da]
Lent [lent]
willow [wl3\]
blessed [blest]
according to [3k1:d8]
sunrise [s2nraz]
mass [m0s] ( )
to exchange [kst6end4]
327
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
l
New Year in Our Country
, .
,
, .
12
.
328
,
.
Vocabulary:
especially [spe63l]
to celebrate [selbret]
among [3m28]
tasty [test]
congratulation [k3ngr0tj\le6n]
,
to organize [1:g3naz]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
l
The First of September
,
.
,
.
Boys and girls are carrying schoolbags, many of them have flowers in
their hands.
, .
329
, .
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
speech [sp:t6]
to begin [bgn] ,
to carry [k0r]
present [preznt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
UK Holidays
25
.
This day is marked by setting the firtree and decorating it with different
toys and candles.
330
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
331
,
.
Vocabulary:
Bank holiday [b0nk h5lde]
to wait [wet]
Santa Claus [s0nt3kl1:z]
wealth [wel7]
to symbolize [smb3laz]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Christmas in Great Britain
, .
,
.
332
,
.
, ,
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
carol service
holly [h5l]
Christmas [krsm3s]
combination [k5mbne6n]
,
Christ [krast]
church [t6-:t6]
hymn [hm]
to wrap up [r0p 2p]
turkey [t-:k]
congratulation [k3ngr0tj\le6n]
,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
New Years Eve in Great
Britain
1 , ,
.
.
333
, ,
.
12
.
, .
,
.
12,
.
Vocabulary:
Eve [:v]
square [skwe3]
brightly [bratl]
to strike [strak] ,
Trafalgar Square
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
334
l
Easter in Great Britain
,
,
.
,
-
.
,
,
, .
, ,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
chocolate [t65kl3t]
cross [kr5s]
pastime [p:stam]
Ulster [2lst3]
Isle of Man [al 3v m0n]
to consist of [k3nsst]
slope [sl3\p]
undamaged [2nd0md4d]
custom [k2st3m] ,
to appear [3p3]
335
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Boxing Day and
Halloween
,
,
.
(
).
,
,
.
26 .
31 .
,
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
,
.
336
,
,
,
.
, .
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
Boxing day [b5ks8 de]
fox-hunting [f5ksh2nt8]
witch [wt6]
entertain [ent3ten]
to pretend [prtend]
pumpkin [p2mpkn]
treat [tr:t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
National Celebrations
in the USA
: 1
15
14 .
: 4
337
: 12
31
: 11
: 25
:
, .
,
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
, 25 ,
,
.
,
,
.
, , 1 .
,
.
338
to fall on [f1:l]
to belief [bl:f]
resurrection [rez3rek63n]
servis [s-:vs]
annual [0nju3l]
lawn [l1:n]
to gather [g093]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Holidays in the USA
.
.
,
.
,
, ,
, .
.
.
-,
.
, ,
.
,
.
339
30 .
,
.
,
,
.
1776
,
.
,
.
,
50 100
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
340
to associate [3s3\6et]
merriment [merm3nt]
to gather [g093]
fireworks [fa3w-:ks]
vegetables [ved4t3blz]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
American Holidays
,
,
.
.
.
,
.
4
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
341
,
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
generally [d4en3r3l]
all over thecountry[1:l 3\v3 93
k2ntr]
blessing [bles8]
fireworks [fa3w-:ks]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Uniquely American Holidays
l 4
4 1776 ,
,
, ,
.
.
4
.
( )
,
.
.
,
.
342
1783-,
.
14 .
1777
.
,
,
,
.
, .
Vocabulary:
to sign [san]
to recognise [rek3gnaz]
to adopt [3d5pt]
to sew [s3\]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4
.
4 1776 .,
,
.
343
,
,
.
,
,
.
4 ,
2 1776 .
, .
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
to adopt [3d5pt]
Thomas Jefferson [t5m3s
d4ef3rsn]
legislative [led4sletv]
to draft [dr:ft] ,
()
tax [t0ks]
hold (held) [h3\ld]
()
sign [san]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
344
l Thanksgiving Day
,
:
4 .
,
,
4- ,
,
.
1621 ,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
, ,
.
,
: ,
, ,
.
,
,
,
.
345
Vocabulary:
Puritans [pj\3rt3nz]
Massachusetts [~m0s3t6u:s3ts]
dissenting [dsent8]
interference [nt3f3r3ns]
fall [f1:l] (. .)
bountiful [ba\ntful]
to inspire [nspa3]
feast [f:st] ,
prosperity [pr5spert]
to sacrifice [s0krfas]
to captivate [k0ptvet]
imagination [m0d4ne6n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l Mothers Day
,
.
,
, 1914 .
.
1907 .
.
,
.
1914 .
.
346
, .
,
.
Vocabulary:
Philadelphia [~fl3delfj3]
Germany [d4-:m3n]
Pensylvania [~penslvenj3]
honour [5n3] ;
to observe [3bz-:v]
(, )
observance [3bz-:v3ns]
()
to suggest [s3d43st]
annual [0nj\3l]
to set aside [set3sad]
reunion [r:ju:n3n]
Questions:
1. When did Mothers Day come in America?
2. What is Mothers Day like?
3. Is it anational holiday?
4. Who suggested this holiday?
5. Was it set by an act of Congress for annual celebration?
6. Where is it also observed?
7. Where was theday celebrated in 1907?
8. What did amember of that church plan?
9. Since when has thewhole country observed Mothers Day?
10. Most mothers like to celebrate theday with family reunions, dont they?
l Fathers Day
,
.
347
, .
,
.
:
, ! ,
.
1909 .
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
to congratulate [k3ngr0tj\let]
to respect [rspekt]
to admire [3dma3]
to spread [spred]
occasion [3ke4n] ;
Whitsun Monday
throughout [7ru:a\t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
348
l Memorial Day
,
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
to honor [5n3]
dead [ded]
Civil War [svlw1:]
aftermath [:ft3m07]
cemetery [sem3t3r]
Questions:
l Labour Day
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
typically [tpk3l] ,
parade [p3red]
to mean [m:n]
Questions:
1. When is Labour Day celebrated?
2. Whom does this holiday honour?
3. What does this holiday mean for most Americans?
l Columbus Day
12 1492
.
349
12,
.
Vocabulary:
Christopher [krst5f3]
navigator [n0vget3]
to land [l0nd]
to observe [3bz-:v]
Questions:
1. When did Christopher Columbus land in theNew World?
2. When do most other nations of theAmericans observe this holiday?
l Veterans Day
.
,
.
11 ,
1918 .,
, .
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
armistice [:msts]
to serve [s-:v]
to fall on [f1:l]
customarily [k2st3m3rl]
wreath [r:7]
tomb [tu:m]
hero [h3ro\]
Arlington Cemetery [%:l8t3n
semtr]
Questions:
1. When is Veterans Day celebrated?
2. What does thepresident customarily place on theTomb of
theUnknowns?
350
l Presidents Day
22,
,
,
.
, 12
,
.
,
.
3-
.
Vocabulary:
Revolutionary War [rev3lu:63nr
w1:]
George Washington [d41:d4
w568t3n]
Abraham Lincoln [ebr3h0ml8k3n]
in addition [3d6n] ,
to be joined [d41nd]
to be expanded [ksp0ndd]
to embrace [mbres]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
-
,
.
1968
15 .
351
1986
3- ,
.
Vocabulary:
clergyman [kl-:d4m3n]
to consider [k3nsd3] ,
civil [svl]
to declare [dkle3]
assassination [3s0sne6n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Ethnic Holidays
in the USA
, .
, ,
.
17 .
.
, .
.
,
.
, -
.
352
ethnic [e7nk]
Jew [d4u:]
Irish [ar6]
New Orleans [nju:1:l3nz]
Louisiana [lu:i:z0n3]
to observe [3bz-:v]
occasion [3ke4n] ,
holy [h3\l]
Lent [lent]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
St Valentines Day
l
.
.
14.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, 14
.
,
,
.
,
.
353
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
Vocabulary:
legal [l:g3l] ;
gift [gft]
patron [petr3n] ,
sweetheart [sw:th:t]
(-)
to sell (sold) [sel]([s3\ld])
trimming [trm8]
lace [les] ;
bow [b3\]
verse [v-:s]
host [h3\st]
to trim [trm]
,
refreshments [rfre6m3nts]
punch [p2nt6]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
354
l
Halloween
31 (
)
, ,
: .
,
.
.
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
to dress [dres]
neighbourhood [neb3hu:d]
candy [k0nd]
adult [3d2lt]
Questions:
1. When do theAmerican children dress up in funny or scary costumes and go
trick or treating?
2. What are theneighbours expected to respond?
3. What do people put on thewindow-sills?
l
My Summer Holidays
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
355
.
- .
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
yard [j:d]
to stay [ste]
hike [hak]
tent [tent]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Winter Holidays
356
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
- .
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
indoors [nd1:z]
skating-rink [sket8r8k] ,
to pass [p:s]
sledges [sled4z]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
357
l
Travelling
,
.
-
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
.
.
.
- ,
.
.
,
,
.
.
358
, .
,
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
to travel [tr0vl]
to consider [k3nsd3]
tourist [t\3rst]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Last Trip
,
.
,
.
359
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
, .
-
.
,
, .
, .
,
.
,
.
360
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
walking tour [w1:k8t\3]
heavy [hev]
rucksack [r2ks0k]
fire [fa3]
tremendous [trmend3s]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Physical Training and Sports
in Ukraine
, ,
,
.
19.
,
-
.
1869 1895 .
20
.
1900
196 ,
8000 .
1912
.
1913
.
,
.
, ,
14 .
362
100000
12000 .
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
physical training [fzk3l tren8]
sport organization
[sp1:t 1:g3naze6n]
unite [ju:nat]
stadium [sted3m]
voluntary [v5l3nt3r]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
363
l
Sport in Our Life
,
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
(-).
364
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
disciplined [ds3plnd]
jogging [d45g8]
to keep fit [k:p ft]
attention [3ten6n]
mobility [m3blt]
liveliness [lavlns]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
The Olympic Games
,
2700 .
,
.
, ,
.
393 .
1700
.
1896 .
365
,
.
,
.
, .
,
, , ,
, ,
.
, , ,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
tradition [tr3d6n]
athletic [07letk] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
366
l
From the History of
Basketball
19- .
18911892.
, .
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
basket [b:skt] ,
gymnasium [d4mn0z3m]
indoor [nd1:]
coach [k3\t6]
to move [mu:v]
team [t:m]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
367
l
Can All People Become
Champions?
l
?
,
.
,
?
, ,
,
.
,
.
, , , ,
, . .
368
,
,
, ,
.
,
,
, ; ,
.
Vocabulary:
aim [em]
to produce [pr3dju:s] ,
to develop [dvel3p]
alone [3l3\n] ,
Questions:
1. Are many people interested in sport? How can you explain this?
2. Can you give an example to show that physical culture and sports are a part
of our cultural and public life?
3. Only some of those who take part in sports activities can become champions.
Why?
4. What is themain aim of sports competitions?
l
My Attitude to Sports
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
369
.
,
,
,
.
,
, .
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
stout [sta\t]
clumsy [kl2mz] ,
adroitness [3dr1tn3s]
sneeze [sn:z]
cheerful [t63fl]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Sports in Great Britain
,
.
, to play the game
,
, thts not
cricket ,
.
370
,
.
: , ,
, -, ,
(),
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
, .
,
,
.
: , ,
, ,
.
371
,
.
Vocabulary:
idiom[d:3m]
to be proud[pra\d]
national[ne6nl]
racing[res8] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
XIII.
(Outstanding People of Ukraine)
l
Outstanding People of
Ukraine
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
.
.
, , ,
, , .
, .
, .
, . , .
, ..
.
373
. ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
humanity [hju:m0n3t]
contribution [k5nrbju:6n]
melody [mel3d]
science [sans]
impact [mp0kt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Taras Shevchenko
1814 .
, ,
,
- .
1829
, -
.
- .
374
,
.
,
-
.
2500.
1838
.
1840
,
.
(
).
1843
.
375
1846
,
.
,
( (1844),
(1845),
).
1847
.
, ,
.
1857
-.
,
.
-
.
, ., .
.
1859 ,
,
-
.
10 .
.
.
376
,
.
Vocabulary:
orphan [1:fn]
manor [m0n3]
shepherd [6ep3d]
close [kl3\z]
St Petersburg [s3ntpi:t3zb-:g]
-
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Modern Ukrainian
Writers
l Oles Honchar
, ,
, .
.
.
.
, ,
, .
377
.
, ,
,
,
.
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
.
.
,
, .
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
conscience [k5n63ns]
bound [ba\nd]
plot [pl5t]
fate [fet]
Questions:
1. Why do you think thenames of modern writers are not so wide-known as
they should be?
2. What problems were raised in theworks of Oles Honchar?
3. Name some of his novels. Did you read them?
4. What can you tell about his novel Sobor?
5. Why do you like thebooks by Oles Honchar?
378
l Roman Ivanychuk
,
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
He is Roman Ivanychuk.
1929 .
.
.
1957 .
379
,
, .
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
to belong [bl58]
previous [pr:v3s]
novel [n3\v3l]
to enter [ent3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Ukrainian Painters
l Vasyl Kasiian
.
.
,
, .
: ,
.
1927
.
.
.
380
.
.
1990
50 .
.
Vocabulary:
graphic [gr0fk]
Heritage [hertd4]
Byzantine [bz3nti:n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Ilia Repin
5
1844 .
29 1930 .
.
, ,
-
1893,
(18631864).
(18641871),
(18731876).
1878
1890 .
381
(18941907),
(18981899) ,
.,
., .,
..
1900
..
,
.
(18891891),
(1881),
(18981917), (1908),
(19261930, ).
, . (1877),
. (1880, 1886),
. (1882),
. (1888),
. (1906).
(1872)
(1882)
.
.
(19101914).
382
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
career [k3r3]
painte [pent3] ,
genre [4:nr3]
Fair [fe3]
Antiquity [3ntkwt]
attachment [3t0t6m3nt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Ukrainian Musical
Culture
.
.
.
11
.
1617
.
,
.
1675,
.
19 .
.
.
383
,
.
.
.
,
, .
.
..
1904
,
.
.
1903 .
.
.
Vocabulary:
folk songs [f3\k s58z]
festivals [festv3lz]
banquet [b08kwt]
Byzantium [bz0nti:3m]
Society [s3sa3t]
religious [rld43s]
conservatory [k3ns-:v3tr]
folklore [f3\kl1:]
development [dvel3pm3nt]
description [dskrp6n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
384
l
Ukrainian Musicians
l Mykola Lysenko
1842
1912 .
,
.
1860
.
1865
.
,
-.
1904
.
.
.
: ,
.
385
Vocabulary:
to graduate [gredj\et]
pianist [p3nst]
to include [nklu:d]
piano concert [p0n3\ k5ns3t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Ukrainian Scientists
l Yevhen Paton
1870
.
1929
.
1894 -
1896 .
19041939
.
,
.
386
In 18961929 he constructed
35bridges, among them the main
bridge across the Dnieper in Kyiv.
18961929
35,
.
1929
,
1934 .
1953
.
Vocabulary:
constructor [k3nstr2kt3]
Civil [svl]
Polytechnical [~p5lteknk3l]
to discover [dsk2v3]
electric welding [lektrk
weld8]
to bear [be3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Valentyn Voino-Yasenetskyi
l -
-
,
.
1877
.
1880-
,
.
-
.
-
.
387
,
, , ,
.
,
1898
.
,
.
1904 ,
- ,
.
,
-
.
1915
,
.
-
.
388
1946
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
progress [pr5gres]
representative [reprzent3tv]
pharmaceutical [f:m3sju:tkl]
acknowledgement
[0kn5ld4m3nt]
anaesthesia [0ns7:43]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
, ,
.
, ,
.
, 15 ,
,
.
, .
,
, ,
,
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
, .
390
.
,
.
1955 ,
:
,
- .
,
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
acknowledgement [3kn5ld4m3nt]
statesman [stetsm3n]
Romeo and Juliet [r5m3nd
d4u:l3t]
Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
[h0ml3tprns3vdenm%:k]
,
King Lear [k8l3]
Macbeth [m0kb37]
l
to reject [rd4ekt]
William Hogarth [wl3m h5g37]
Sir Joshua Reynolds [s-:d456w3
ren3ldz ]
Thomas Gainsborough [t5m3s
genzb3r3]
John Constable [d45n
k2nst3bl]
391
Alexander Fleming [~0lgz%:nd3
flem8]
suffering [s2f3r8]
Ernest Rutherford [-:n3st
r293rf3rd]
Michael Faraday [makl
f0r3de]
entirely [nta3l]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
British Writers
l William Shakespeare
,
, 1564
--.
,
.
--.
, .
21 ,
.
392
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
.
,
, ,
.
.
,
,
.
.
Vocabulary:
to become [bk2m]
to stage [sted4]
to join [d41n]
relation [rle6n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Oscar Wilde
1856
.
,
.
,
.
393
,
1900.
,
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
394
optician [5pt6n]
poetess [p3\t3s]
ethics [e7ks]
Oscar Wilde [5sk3 wald]
behaviour [bhev3]
feeling [f:l8]
Paris [p0rs]
Dorian Gray [d5r3n gre]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Rudyard Kipling
.
1865
.
,
1882 .
6,
.
.
1890
,
.
.
, ,
.
,
,
.
-
.
.
1902
.
395
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
.
1907
.
Vocabulary:
Rudyard Kipling [r2dj3d kpl8]
Anglo-Boer War [08gl3\~b3\rw1:]
-
Wonderland [w2nd3l0nd]
Jungle [d428gl]
outstanding [a\tst0nd8]
colonial [k3l5n3l]
impression [mpre6n]
fairy-tales [fe3rtelz]
rhythm [r7m]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
396
l Charlotte Bront
19 .
.
1816
.
.
,
.
1821
, ,
.
.
.
1846 ,
.
,
, .
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
, .
,
, ,
.
397
, .
,
.
Vocabulary:
Charlotte Bronte [6%:l3t
br5nti:]
Yorkshire [j1:k63]
Clergy [kl-:d4]
Jane Eyre [d43n e3]
Shirley [6-:rl]
Lowood [lu:wu:d]
unique [ju:nk]
trend [trend]
pseudonym [sju:d3nm]
governess [g2v3ns]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Robert Burns
25
1759 .
, .
,
, .
:
-
.
,
, .
398
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
27
,
.
.
! !
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
21
1796 .
37 .
.
Vocabulary:
Alloway [3la\3]
engrave [ngrev]
to prove [pru:v]
Dumfries [d2mfrz]
Scotia [sk3\63]
failure [fel3]
to bury [ber]
399
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
British Painters
l Joseph Turner
- 23
1775 .
.
.
.
,
.
14
.
,
.
18 .
,
.
18021809
, ,
.
,
, .
1819
.
1500
400
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
Covent Garden [k5v3nt
g%:dn] -
landscape [l0ndskep]
barber [b:b3]
water-colours [w5t3k2l3z]
oils [1lz]
Royal [r13l]
Geneva [d4ni:v3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Thomas Gainsborough
.
.
1727
.
.
8 ,
.
.
l
In his portraits green and blue colours
predominate.
He was the first British painter who
painted British native countryside.
He painted awagon of hay, apoor
cottage, poor peasants.
His works of landscape contain much
poetry and music.
His best works are Blue Boy, The
Portrait of the Duchess of Beaufort,
Sara Siddons and others.
The particular discovery of
Gainsborough was the creation of
aform of art in which the characters
and the background form asingle
unity.
The landscape is not kept in the back
ground, but in most cases man and
nature are fused in asingle whole through
the atmospheric harmony of mood.
Gainsborough emphasized that the
natural background for his characters
should be nature itself.
His works, painted in clear and trans
parent tones, had aconsiderable influen
ce on the artists of the English school.
He was in advance of his time.
His art became aforerunner of the Ro
mantic Movement.
401
.
,
.
,
, -.
.
,
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
Vocabulary:
Sudbury [s2dberi:]
Flemish [flem6]
merchant [m-:t63nt]
to acquaint [3kwent]
to emphasize [emf3saz]
background [b0kgra\nd]
to predominate [prd5mnet]
transparent [tr3nspe3r3nt]
Duchess of Beaufort [d2t6s3v
b3\f3rt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
402
l John Constable
,
,
11 1776 .
.
.
.
, .
1795 ,
.
1799
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
, .
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
403
, .
Vocabulary:
miller [ml3]
secretly [skr3tl]
sketch [sket6] ,
Royal [r13l]
Waterloo [w5t3lu:]
open air[3\p3n e3]
to earn[-:n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
British Musicians
and Actors
l George Handel
,
.
,
,
40 ,
20 ,
,
.
23
1685 .
,
.
1702 ,
404
to Hamburg the next year, where he
obtained aposition as aviolinist in the
opera orchestra.
His St John Passion was performed
in 1704 and his first opera, Almira,
in 1705.
Then Handel went to Italy, which was
the musical centre of Europe, where
his work was already known.
,
.
.
1704 ,
1705.
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
1710 .
1711 .
1713
.
,
1741 ,
.
1718
,
12 .
,
.
,
, 1742 .
1751
.
14 1759.
.
405
Vocabulary:
baroque [b3r5k]
George Frederic Handel [d41:d4
fred3rk h0nd3l]
Germany [d4-:m3n]
Halle University [h%:l3]
musical giant [mj\zk3l d4a3nt]
to combine [k3mban]
to compose [k3mp3\z]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Where did George Frederic Handel live and when was he born?
What musical styles did he combine in his different music?
How many operas, oratorios, vocal pieces and other works did he create?
What did he win in 1713?
Where was he buried in 1759?
l Henry Purcell
, ,
.
,
17 .
( )
1659 .
,
.
,
.
,
.
1682 .
406
II
1685
.
,
, .
1689 .
.
13
.
43 .
(1692)
.
, ,
.
(1685),
II.
(1695),
,
.
.
21
1695 .
Vocabulary:
Henry Purcell [henr p-:rsl]
Chapel Royal [t60pl r13l]
Dido and Aeneas [dad3\3nd
i:ns]
harpsichord [h:psk1:d]
Fairy [fe3r] ,
St Cecilias Day [s3ntssi:lj3]
obvious [5bv3s] ,
unfinished [2nfn6t]
407
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
(18881976)
1912.
.
, , , ,
, , .
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
,
, .
:
,
.
, ,
; ;
408
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
amateur [0m3t3] ,
tour [t\3]
Congreve [k5ngri:v]
Wycherley [wt63rli:]
to reflect [rflekt]
to be checked :
exceedingly [ks:d8l]
strength [stre87]
unattainable [2n3ten3bl]
to seek [s:k]
to govern [g2v3n]
audience [1:d3ns]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
,
17 ,
1660 .
,
.
, VIII,
, ,
.
:
,
.
l
Dignity in his work and personal life
made Betterton the model for actors.
Many observers were impressed by
Bettertons acting in specific scenes.
Richard Steele, in The Tatler
described afew important moments
in Othello, while The Laureat,
in 1740, quoted the memories of
an old playgoer who remembered
Bettertons Hamlet upon meeting the
Ghost.
One of Bettertons admirers wrote
about Mr. Bettertons performing this
part of Hamlet: he has observed the
actors countenance in the Scene of
the fourth act when his Fathers Ghost
appears.
Through the violent and sudden
emotions of amazement and horror
it turns instantly on the sight of his
Fathers spirit, as pale as his neckcloth.
You can imagine well enough what
loud applause accompanied
this exit!
409
,
.
.
,
1740 .
,
,
.
,
:
,
.
,
, .
,
!
Vocabulary:
to admire [3dma3]
Macbeth [m0kbe7]
Mercutio [m-:kju:63]
King Lear [k8 l3]
Othello [57el3\]
Brutus [br\t3s]
admirer [3dma3r3]
to endow [nda\]
()
passionate [p063nt]
virtue [v-:tju:]
Laureat [l1:ri:t]
Ghost [g3\st] ,
judicious [d4\d63s]
variety [v3ra3t]
dignity [dgnt]
countenance [ka\ntn3ns]
lung [l28]
to quote [kw3\t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
410
,
,
, ,
,
,
,
.
,
.
1913
.
20-.
,
,
, ,
1919.
.
,
,
.
He died in 1977.
1977 .
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
moustache [m3st:6]
bowler hat [ba\l3 h0t]
tramp [tr0mp]
unfair [2nfe3]
immortal [m1:tl] ,
engagement [nged4m3nt]
masterpiece [m:st3p:s]
citizen [stzn]
Switzerland [swts3l3nd]
411
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
British Scientists
1642
:
.
15 ,
,
.
,
.
30 .
1665
, ,
.
,
:
,
.
,
(
).
412
, ,
,
, ,
.
, ,
, ,
,
, .
,
,
.
1684
,
.
:
,
.
,
:
.
, 1672
.
1695
;
.
1703
.
1727 .
413
20
.
.
:
,
.
Vocabulary:
Isaac Newton [az3k nju:t3n]
Lincolnshire [l8k3n63]
Trinity [trnt]
plague [pleg]
differential alculuses [df3ren63l
k0lkj\l3sz]
particle [p:tkl]
corpuscle [k1:p2sl] ,
to be in charge of [t6:d4]
ether [:73]
gravity [grevt]
mirror telescope [mr3 telskoup]
contemporary [k3ntemp3p3r]
to appoint [3p1nt]
to coin [k1n]
()
to surpass [s3p:s]
ethereal [73r:3l]
dual [dju:3l]
namely [neml]
the Royal Mint [r13l mnt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
,
.
.
414
1950-
.
1903 .
,
.
1921
.
1925
.
1928
.
,
1948
1964 .
1947
.
,
.
l
In1950 he was awarded the Nobel
Prize for his development of the
photographic method and his meson
discoveries.
415
1950
.
Vocabulary:
Cecil Powell [sesl fr0nk
pa\3l]
prominent [pr5mn3nt]
discovery [dsk2v3r]
Ernest Rutherford [-:n3st
r293rf3rd]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
,
,
.
15
.
,
,
.
,
1856,
.
1859.
1871
.
416
,
.
1864
1873.
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
50, 1879 .
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
Maxwell [m0ksw3l]
Aberdeen [~0b3di:n]
Henry Cavendish [henr
k0v3nd6]
Einstein [anstan]
sign [san]
to refuse [rfju:z]
equation [kwe4n]
professorship [pref3s36p]
magnetism [m0gntzm]
Questions:
1. How old was Maxwell when he contributed apiece of original work on
thedrawing of oval curves?
2. When did he appoint his first professorship?
3. What was his most important work? What was it about?
4. What did Maxwells theory show?
5. Are Maxwells equations untouched nowadays?
417
l Alexander Fleming
,
,
1881 .
,
.
1895
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
, , ,
.
.
,
,
.
, - .
1955 ,
:
,
- .
Vocabulary:
to differ [df3]
research [rs-:t6]
penicillin [pensln]
benefit [benft]
418
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Ernest Rutherford
-
.
,
.
, .
1919
.
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
419
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
atomic physics [3t5mk fzks]
heroic age [hr3\k ed4]
,
tireless [ta3ls]
wave [wev]
nucleus [nju:kl3s]
magnetic detector [m0gnetk
dtekt3]
attention [3ten6n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.
,
1809 .
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
1846
.
.
1860
.
1864
,
.
1847 .
,
.
12 ,
.
.
.
421
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
, .
, ,
, .
Vocabulary:
Abraham Lincoln [ebr3h0m
l8k3n]
fate [fet]
common [k5m3n] ,
slavery [slev3r]
to limit [lmt]
Thomas Alva Edison [t5m3s %:lv3
eds3n]
transmitter [tr0nsmt3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
422
l
American Writers
l Ernest Hemingway
21 1899
,
.
1917
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
1919 .
1929 ,
,
, ,
.
,
.
1936
.
,
.
, .
1954
.
: ,
,
.
423
, .
, 2 1961 .
Vocabulary:
Ernest Hemingway [-:nst
hem8we]
suburb [s2b-:b]
to enlist [nlst]
Milan [ml0n]
degree [dgr:]
to reflect [rflekt]
Nobel Prize [n3\bel praz]
Idaho [ad3h3\]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l OHenry
.
,
,
1862 .
.
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
.
, ,
424
: ,
, , .
150 ,
-.
,
.
,
, , .
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
William Sydney Porter [wlj3m
sdn p1:t3]
to be ranked [r08kt]
to reflect [rflekt]
to embrace [mbres]
society [s3sa3t]
considerable [k3nsd3r3bl]
witty [wt]
to enrich [nrt6]
suspense [s3spens]
precise [prsas] ,
injustice [nd42sts]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
425
l Mark Twain
.
1835 .
.
.
,
12 .
.
1857
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
,
,
,
.
-
426
,
.
1870-
, 1885
.
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
Samuel Clemens [s0mj\3l
klem3ns]
journalist [d4-:n3lst]
Nevada [nev%:d3]
California [~k0lf1:nj3]
Virginia [v3d4nj3]
witty style [wt stal]
sailor [sel3]
marriage [m0rd4]
tycoon [taku:n]
prejudice [pred4\ds]
Huckleberry [h2klber]
Pauper [p1:p3] ,
King Arthurs Court [k8%:73z
k1:t]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Theodore Dreiser
l
He was born in 1871 in the state of In
diana.
He was the 12th child in the family.
His mother came from the family
of Czech immigrants and his father
came to America from Germany and
was afactory worker.
Since his early childhood the boy
knew what poverty was.
In 1887 he moved to Chicago where
he worked in restaurants washing
dishes and cleaning.
For ashort period of time he studied
at the University of Indiana.
Working at the newspaper Chicago
Daily Globe he started to publish his
first sketches and stories.
His first novel Sister Carrie is astory
about real life.
One of his elder sisters, Emma, was
the main character of the novel.
The story about the girl, who became
an actress at ahigh price of losing her
best human qualities was considered
to be immoral by critics.
The feature of American literature that
struck Dreiser most of all was the con
tradiction between the real life and
the life described in literary works.
That is why Dreisers works always
depicted the life of common people,
the cruelty of their existence in
American society.
His novel An American Tragedy
was the sign of critical realism in the
American literature of the 20th century.
In his three novels The Financier,
The Titan, and The Stoic Dreiser de
scribed the life of financier Cauperwood.
He is not only acruel American busi
nessman, aperson without soul and
heart, but avery tragic figure.
427
1871
.
.
,
.
, .
1887 ,
:
.
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
20 .
,
.
,
, .
428
,
.
,
.
1928 ,
.
20.
Vocabulary:
Czech [t6ek]
Chicago [6k%:g3\]
cruelty [kr\3lt]
soul [s3\l]
Financier [fn0nsj3]
Cauperwood [k1:p3w\d]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
..
.
1919 .
,
- .
,
,
.
429
, .
,
,
.
.
.
: , ,
, , , ,
, .
,
.
, ,
.
.
.
5060- .
.
1965
.
Vocabulary:
contemporary [k3ntemp3r3r]
well-to-do family[welt3du:
f0ml]
rye [ra]
Colefield [k3\lfi:ld]
contradiction [k5ntr3dk6n]
sincere [sns3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
430
l Joe Hill
:
, .
, ,
, ,
.
,
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
-
.
- .
1905
.
431
Vocabulary:
labour [leb3]
labour movement [mu:vm3nt]
to unite [ju:nat]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
American Painters
l John Sloan
1908
- ,
.
.
.
,
:
.
.
, 26 ,
, 1904.
-
.
432
,
, , ;
, .
,
.
,
.
,
,
- .
,
,
,
.
1910 .
1912
.
,
.
, , ,
,
.
,
,
.
, .
433
Vocabulary:
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Winslow Homer
,
,
.
,
1866 ,
.
:
, , ,
.
,
,
,
,
.
60-
.
: , .
434
He painted woodsmen, fishermen,
and sailors.
His central theme was mans rela
tionship with nature.
Homer completely ignored the life of
the privileged classes of asociety,
and devoted his art to common
people.
During the 1870s Homers art gained
steadily in strength and skill.
His earlier themes continued, but with
changes in viewpoint and emphasis.
His works of that period were much
preoccupied with women.
New kinds of subjects appeared in
these years and one of them was
Negro life.
45 ,
1881 ,
,
,
15- .
, ,
.
,
, .
,
.
435
,
, .
;
.
Vocabulary:
self-taught artist [selft1:t :tst]
-
post-war [p3\stw1:]
country-life [k2ntr laf]
ugly [2gl]
relationship [rle63n6p]
marine [m3r:n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1882 .
, ,
.
,
20 ,
.
,
,
.
-.
;
.
,
,
.
436
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
. .
.
.
Vocabulary:
department [dp:tm3nt]
to graduate [gr0dj\et]
(
)
recognition [rek3gn6n]
to earn [-:n]
carpenter [k:pnt3]
to reflect [rflekt]
landscape [l0nskep]
exponent [ksp3\n3nt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
American Musicians
4 1900 ,
.
.
l
His grandparents had been slaves.
In 1913 he became the leader of the
school band.
Amusician taught him how to read
music when he joined Mississippi
riverboat band.
In 1922 he went to Chicago to play
with Olivers Creole Jazz Band.
Armstrong organized his own band in
Chicago in 1925.
With his phenomenal gift for melodic
variations, he was able to turn jazz
from ensemble music to asolo art.
The voice was first used as an in
strument by Armstrong.
Another Armstrongs innovation was
professional playing of jazz.
He appeared on television frequently
and made more than 35 short films or
movies.
His classics include West End Blues,
Weather Bird.
He died on July 6, 1971, in New York
City.
Billie Holiday was the finest jazz singer
of her generation, and in the opinion
of her followers and many critics she
was the greatest jazz singer of the
20th century.
Although Holiday received no profes
sional training, her singing was sophis
ticated.
Billie Holiday was born on April 7,
1915, in Baltimore.
Her father was aprofessional guitarist.
Young Holiday made her singing debut
in 1931 in Harlem night-clubs.
She was not widely recognized
until 1935, but her early recordings
437
.
1913
.
,
.
1922 ,
.
1925 .
.
.
.
35 .
, .
6 1971 .
, ,
,
20 .
,
.
7
1915 .
.
1931
.
1935,
438
, ,
, .
-
17 1959 .
Vocabulary:
Louis Armstrong [lu:s
%:mstr58]
New Orleans [nju:1:l3nz]
record [rk1:d]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l George Gershwin
,
.
26
1898 .
, .
12 .
16 ,
.
1916 .
,
, , ,
, 1919 .
439
1920 1924
.
1924
.
.
1924
.
.
,
,
.
11 1937 .
1945 .
Vocabulary:
composer [k3mp3\z3]
Brooklyn [br\kln]
music publishing [mj\zk
p2bl68]
musical [mj\zk3l]
Rhapsody [r0ps3d]
genuine [d4enj\n]
motion pictures [m3\6n pkt63z]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
American Scientists
l Alexander Bell
, , 1847 ,
.
440
,
.
,
,
.
1868 1870
,
.
1870-
.
1866
,
,
.
1873
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
441
1876,
.
,
,
,
: ,
, .
,
,
, ,
.
1915
.
2 1922 .
Vocabulary:
problems of speech [pr5bl3mz 3v
sp:t6]
sound [sa\nd]
deaf [def]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Albert Einstein
-
.
, , ,
.
442
,
.
,
, 14 1879
.
,
,
.
1905 ,
26 ,
.
,
,
,
.
E=mc2,
.
443
1916
.
1919 ,
,
.
1940
.
18 1955 .
Vocabulary:
theories of relativity [73rz 3v
rletvt]
Germany [d4-:m3n]
Jewish [d4u:6]
Munich [mju:nk]
Switzerland [swts3lend]
energy [en3d4]
research [rs-:t6]
investigation [nvestge6n]
curious [kj\3r3s] ,
area [e3r3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Im fond of reading.
,
.
, .
, ,
, .
,
.
,
.
, ,
, .
l ,
445
,
, ,
, ,
, .
Vocabulary:
detective stories [dtektv]
to appreciate [3pr:6et]
tender [tend3]
to assert [3s-:t]
illness [ln3s]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
My Favourite
Writer
,
, .
,
.
:
,
.
It is Alexandra Marinina.
446
My Favorite Personalities l
,
, ,
.
,
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
, .
Vocabulary:
to consider [k3nsd3]
character [k0r3kt3]
investigator [nvest get3]
to compare [k3mpe3]
to get acquainted [3kwentd]
wit [wt]
vividly [vvdl]
unfortunately [2nf1:t6ntl]
to recommend [rek3mend]
,
l ,
447
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Favourite Painters
.
,
.
.
.
,
,
.
.
60- 19
, , , ,
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
,
448
My Favorite Personalities l
,
, .
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
, .
.
Vocabulary:
impressionism [mpres3nzm]
especially [spe63l]
Monet [m5ne]
Renoir [r3nw0r]
Degas [d3g0]
Manet [m0ne]
Pissarro [pi:s0r3\]
Sisley [si:sle]
stress [stres]
existence [gzst3ns]
to admit [3dmt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Favourite Composers
,
.
,
,
, .
,
...
l ,
449
,
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
, ,
.
.
,
.
1900 .
,
, .
,
.
, .
.
450
My Favorite Personalities l
,
.
Vocabulary:
essential part[sen63l p:t]
creative work [kretv w-:k]
trumpet [tr2mp3t]
improvisation [mpr3vaze6n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Favourite Books
...
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
500.
l ,
451
, , ,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
tsar [z:]
Cinderella [ snd3r3l3]
Snowwhite [sn3\wat]
Dwarf [dw1:f]
various [ve3r3s]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
My Favourite Literary
Character
452
My Favorite Personalities l
,
.
, 18,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
, .
,
?
,
.
,
.
l ,
453
Vocabulary:
Eliza Doolittle [3laz3 du:ltl]
Pygmalion [pgmeli:3n]
comedy [k5m3d]
accent [0ks3nt]
accidentally [ 0ksd3ntl]
agreement [3gr:m3nt] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Sherlock Holmes
aFamous Literary
Character
, 140 .
, ,
.
, ,
.
, .
, ,
, ,
.
454
My Favorite Personalities l
Vocabulary:
live [3lav]
to retire [rta3]
to arrive [3rav] ,
abroad [3br1:d]
joke [d43\k]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
.
,
.
.
, ,
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
, ,
, .
.
, .
, ,
.
,
, ,
, .
,
, .
.
456
Mass Media l
, ,
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
mass media [m0s m:d3]
to inform [nf1:m]
accurate [0kj\rt]
reliable [rla3bl]
crime [kram]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why do mass media play avery important role in our everyday life?
How do we get any information? What brings it to us?
What TV programs do you like to watch?
What do daily mass media carry to us?
Does mass media help us to form our opinion on different events,
information?
l
Mass Media in the EnglishSpeaking Countries
, , ,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
, ,
l
they are The Times, The Guardian,
The Independent, The Daily
Telegraph and The Financial Times
in Great Britain and The Wall Street
Journal, The New York Times, The
Washington Post and The Christian
Science Monitor in the USA.
There are two main types of national
newspapers the popular papers
and the quality papers.
Most of the popular papers are tab
loids that is the papers with smallsize pages.
The tabloids place alot of pictures,
big headlines and short articles.
The popular newspapers are easy to
read and often contain little real infor
mation they usually have stories
about ordinary people and events,
which are amusing or odd.
Examples of this type of newspapers
in Great Britain are The Daily Mail,
The Sun and The Daily Mirror.
Quality papers give more reading
material about politics and foreign
affairs: their articles are bigger in size
and have much news.
They have different pages for home
news, foreign affairs, articles on
literature, business, fashion and so on.
All types of newspapers publish alot
of advertisements.
Local newspapers usually give more
attention to local than to world or na
tional news.
Some of them are weekly newspa
pers they are printed once aweek.
Some weekly papers are usually
printedin small towns or even villages
wherepeople know each other and
are interested to know some news
about their neighbours and friends.
457
: , ,
,
, -
,
.
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
, .
:
.
, ,
, ,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
458
Mass Media l
, ,
.
,
.
, .
,
.
- ,
:
.
---1,
--, -- .
--
,
.
--
,
, ,
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
1500
1200 .
,
,
.
459
300
.
, ,
, .
-
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
ordinary [5dn3r]
The Guardian [g%:d3n]
Financial [fan0n63l]
Journal [d4-:nl]
The Christian Science Monitor
[krsti3n sa3ns m5nt3]
The Daily Telegraph [del
telgr%:f]
amusing [3mju:z8]
odd [5d]
advertisement [3dv-:tsm3nt]
,
neighbour [neb3]
wedding [wed8]
entertainment programme
[ent3tenm3nt pr5gr3m]
Editorial office [edt1:r3l 5fs]
prominent [pr5mn3nt]
soap opera [s3\p 5p3r3]
to broadcast [br1:dk:st]
violence [va3l3ns]
crime [kram]
Questions:
1. What types of newspapers are produced in theEnglish-speaking
countries?
2. What are tabloids?
3. What are quality papers?
4. What are themost popular channels on theBritish TV?
5. Why is thetelevision in Britain and theUSA criticised?
l
UK Newspapers
,
.
460
Mass Media l
,
:
.
.
:
, ,
.
,
.
,
, .
.
,
.
, ,
, . .
.
,
.
:
, , .
.
Vocabulary:
peculiarity [pkju:lj3rt]
definite [defnt]
serious [s3r3s]
to contain [k3nten]
affair [3fe3]
461
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
American Press
,
85 34 .
:
.
, -
,
.
,
.
( )
( ).
462
Mass Media l
122
.
4000
1300 .
,
, ,
, .
,
,
.
, .
Vocabulary:
to publish [p2bl6] ,
opinion [3pnj3n]
domestic [d3mestk]
Associated Press [3s3\6etd
pres]
United Press International
[ju:natd pres ~nt3n063nl]
Digest [dad43st]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
463
l
Press in Ukraine
,
,
.
,
,
.
, -
.
,
.
,
.
,
1812 .
,
.
-
: ,
,
, , ,
. .
464
Mass Media l
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
public figure [p2blk fg3]
weather forecast [we93 f1:k:st]
account [3ka\nt]
attract [3tr0kt]
advertising [0dv3taz8]
Questions:
1. What is considered to be thebeginning of Ukrainian press?
2. Do magazines and newspapers play agreat role in thelife of amodern
person?
3. What can you find onthepages of newspapers?
4. What kinds of newspapers and magazines do you know?
5. What do you prefer to read?
6. What di we read newspapers for?
,
.
,
,
.
,
, .
: ( ),
;
, ,
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
466
Protection of Environment l
,
.
, .
: ,
.
Vocabulary:
ocean [3\6n]
to surround [s3ra\nd]
mainland [menl3nd]
Eurasia [j\3re63]
Asia [e63]
Africa [0frk3]
North America [n1:7
3merk3]
South America [sa\7
3merk3]
Australia [5strelj3]
the South Pole [sa\7 p3\l]
Michigan [m6g3n]
Antarctica [0nt%:ktk3]
numerous [nju:m3r3s]
to equal [:kwel]
size [saz]
total area [t3\tl e3r3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
467
l
The Earth
It is very big.
, , .
,
.
,
.
, ,
, .
,
,
.
,
,
,, .
, ,
,
.
Vocabulary:
Earth [-:7]
mountain [ma\ntn]
to grow [gr3\] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Where do we live?
How do we call our planet?
What is there on theEarth?
What countries are there on theEarth?
Name some countries and thelanguages of these countries.
What can you say about our country?
468
Protection of Environment l
l
World Problems of Ecology
,
.
, ,
,
.
.
.
, , .
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
, .
.
.
,
.
,
, , .
, ,
.
.
.
469
1982
.
,
-
, 1983 .
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
balance [b0l3ns] ,
species [sp:6:z] ,
Denmark [denm%:k]
Greece [gri:s]
Norway [n1:we]
the Mediterranean Sea [medt3ren3n
si:]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
470
Protection of Environment l
l
Protection of Environment
in Ukraine
26 1986 ,
- ,
.
31
500
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
471
Vocabulary:
attention [3ten6n]
to link [l8k]
explosion [kspl3\4n]
smoke [sm3\k]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Environmental Protection in
Our Country
20.
, , , ,
.
472
People often do things which pollute
land and waters greatly.
It is very dangerous because it
damages health of the people.
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear
power plant in April 1986 caused ra
dioactive contamination of avast area
around the plant.
Soviet statements indicate that
31 people died as aresult of the
accident but the actual number of
deaths caused by the radiation is still
unknown.
More than 100,000 Ukrainian citizens
were evacuated from the city of Cher
nobyl and other areas around the
reactor site.
Environmental protection is agreat
concern of the Ukrainian Government.
The Ministry of Environmental Pro
tection was founded in Ukraine.
Their tasks are to control the state
of the environment and sources
of pollution, to protect the water
resources of Ukraine, to extend the
network of nature reserves and to
maintain co-operation with interna
tional ecological organizations.
Campaign for environmental
protection is supported by public
organizations and individuals.
The Ukrainian Green Party is very
active today.
Zeleny Svit is the Ukrainian
ecological newspaper.
It calls on people to protect the
natural wealth and to use it in amore
careful and economical manner for
the benefit of the present and future
generations.
Protection of Environment l
.
,
.
1986
.
,
31,
, ,
.
100000
.
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
i.
.
473
Vocabulary:
burning problem [b-:n8 pr1bl3m]
foundation [fa\nde6n]
citizen [stz3n]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Environmental Protection in
Britain
,
.
1960
85 %.
,
.
,
.
474
Protection of Environment l
500000 ,
7000
,
.
.
,
.
.
9 %
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
issue [sju:]
inland waters [nl3nd w1:t3z]
emission [em6n]
ozone layer [3\z3\n le3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
l
Protection of Environment
in the UK
.
,
,
,
.
l
Great Britain maintains careful checks
on use of dangerous chemicals and
collects information about new ones.
Acid rains that kill enormous amounts
of fish in Great Britain are also in the
centre of attention.
They are caused by smoke from facto
ries and power stations and exhaust
fumes from transport.
It is produced when coal and oil are
burnt.
The government provides smoke
control programmes.
New power plants will have to meet
very tight limits on emission of
chemical gases.
Britain works with Scandinavian coun
tries in aproject on the problem of
acid rains.
Over the last years local authorities
are carrying on tests of drinking water
in England and Wales.
Nuclear waste from nuclear plants is
discharged into the Irish Sea, making
it one of the most radioactive seas in
the world.
There also have been numerous
leaks of radioactive matter to the
atmosphere.
Water pollution from shipping and
oil platforms, mostly in the North
Atlantic, is great.
Water pollution programmes are
being worked out in Great Britain
nowadays.
Ten National parks have been estab
lished in England and Wales, four in
Scotland.
Their aims are to conserve the natural
beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage.
475
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
, .
.
,
.
,
.
476
Protection of Environment l
.
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
25
2500.
Vocabulary:
to be paid [ped] ,
industrial [nd2str3l]
to check [t6ek]
to collect [k3lekt]
to kill [kl]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
Protection of Environment
in the USA
477
,
.
,
, .
, ,
, .
,
, .
,
,
,
,
.
;
,
,
.
1986
.
,
.
478
Protection of Environment l
, ,
, ,
.
,
1971,
.
,
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
to improve [mpru:v]
construction [k3nstr2k6n]
to disappear [ds3p3]
yew [ju:]
to threaten [7ret3n]
to survive [s3vav]
Questions:
1. What are American specialists concerned about?
2. What is thelevel of damage to theforests in theUSA?
3. Do American environmentalists pay much attention to theresearch in
theproblem of global warming?
4. What have all of thestates adopted?
5. Has theproblems of pollution become apart of American life? What can
you say about it?
: , ,
.
, .
,
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
480
,
, .
,
, .
,
,
.
, -.
Vocabulary:
to be frozen [fr3\zn] ,
cloudless [kla\dls]
storm [st1:m]
to melt [melt]
to return [rt-:n]
open air [3\p3n e3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
481
l
Seasons
l Spring
I love spring.
It is awonderful season.
, .
!
.
, .
,
.
, ,
,
.
Vocabulary:
snowdrop [sn3\dr5p]
nest [nest]
to awaken [3wek3n]
to blossom [bl5s3m]
enough [n2f]
to swim [swm]
482
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l Summer
,
.
: ,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
, .
483
Vocabulary:
heat [h:t]
oppressive [3presv] ,
dandelion [d0ndla3n]
stuffy [st2f]
thunderstorm [72nd3st1:m]
relief [rl:f]
dazzling [d0zl8]
lightning [latn8]
rainbow [renb3\] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
l Autumn
, .
,
,
.
, , ,
.
, -
.
, ,
.
484
,
.
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
to yield [j:ld]
ray [re]
harvest [h:vst]
sunflower [s2nfla\3]
to accompany [3k2mp3n]
turnip [t-:np]
maize [mez]
landscape [l0ndskep]
gossamer [g5s3m3]
Indian Summer [nd3ns2m3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l Winter
,
.
.
.
,
.
, .
,
.
, .
485
,
.
Vocabulary:
to pproach [3pr3\t6]
sight [sat] ,
icicle [askl]
pine [pan]
hop [h5p]
to glitter [glt3] ,
to slide [slad]
jolly [d45l]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
l
My Favourite Season
,
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
486
Summer is over.
,
, , .
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
golden [g3\ld3n]
ripe [rap]
bare [be3] ,
to plough [pla\]
rye [ra]
fantastic [f0nt0stk]
necessary [nes3s3r]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
487
l
Todays Weather and My
Attitude to It
,
.
,
.
,
: ,
, ,
.
:
, .
: ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
Vocabulary:
unsettled [2nsetld]
dull [d2l]
to notice [n3\ts]
sultry [s2ltr]
488
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
The Weather Forecast
,
.
, .
,
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
-
.
, .
489
, .
, .
Vocabulary:
rainstorm [renst1:m] ,
sweater [swet3]
daily [del]
forecast [f1:k%:st]
to collect [k3lekt]
although [1:l93\] ,
,
barometer [b3r5mt3]
pressure [pre63]
misty [mst]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
. Life of Youth ( )
l
Life of Youth in Great
Britain and the USA
,
.
,
,
.
:
.
.
,
. .
:
.
,
.
.
, , , .
.
- :
.
, .
491
14,
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
movement [mu:vm3nt] `
on thegrounds [3n 93 gra\ndz]
Republican Federation [rp2blk3n
fed3re63n]
Coordinative Committee
[k3\1:dn3tv k3mt]
Violent [va3l3nt]
urgent [-:d43nt]
to release [rl:z]
anew [3nju:]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l
The Life of American Youth
,
, ,
.
,
.
492
Life of Youth l
,
.
, .
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
Vocabulary:
hobby [h5b]
talent nights [t0l3nt nats]
to be fond of [f5nd 3v] ,
circle [s-:kl]
to join [d41n]
society [s3sa3t] :
orchestra [5kstr3]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
493
l
The Life of Ukrainian Youth
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
-
.
,
.
, -
,
.
, .
, ,
.
494
Life of Youth l
: ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
, , . .
, ,
; ? ?
?,
, . .
,
.
,
, ,
.
Vocabulary:
higher education[ha3
edju:ke6n]
failure[fel3]
joyful and smart[d41f\l 3nd
sm:t]
()
to respect[rspekt]
extermination [kst-:mne6n]
spirit[sprt]
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
495
l
Your Readiness to Help
Someone
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
: , ,
, .
, ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
, .
,
:
, ,
.
: ;
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
496
Life of Youth l
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
, .
Vocabulary:
to assign [3san]
-
Questions:
1. What kind of help are you prepared to give other people?
2. An English proverb says: He gives twice who gives in atrice. Have you
given help quickly?
3. What kind of help was it?
4. Were you asked to help or did you give it on your own initiative?
l
Politeness aSign of
Culture
,
,
,
.
! !?
, , .
, ,
; ,
.
497
,
.
.
,
.
, , ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
.
?
,
,
() .
,
,
,
.
,
,
-
.
Vocabulary:
sign [san] ;
handwriting [h0ndrat8]
carelessly [ke3l3sl]
impolite [mp3lat]
therefore [9e3f1:] ,
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.