UNIVERSITY OF MALTA FACULTY OF ENGINEERING B.ENG. (HONS.) COURSE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING STREAM YEAR II - SEMESTER I June 2009 SESSION OF EXAMINATIONS PCE 2003 - ELECTRICAL MACHINES, 25% June 2009 0915-1115 hours This paper contains FOUR questions. You are to attempt THREE, Stationery: Use of Calculators is allowed 1 @ () © @) te) Briefly explain the function of a buckholtz relay in a power transformer (5 marks) ‘What is the function of a breather in an oil filled power transformer (3 marks) ‘What limits the maximum temperature that a transformer can reach. (4 marks) Enumerate the losses of a transformer and explain how each loss varies with the load, ( marks) A transformer has a temperature rise of 30°C after | hour and 50°C after 2 hours while carrying continuously the full load current. The copper loss is 2 times the core loss, Estimate the final temperature rise in service after continuous loading of (i) Ihr 15min at full load (5 marks) (ii) and then a further Ihr 45min at half load (8 marks) Page 1 of 3(@) (b) (c) (a) (b) () Enumerate the losses of a d.c, machine (5 marks) Working from first principles derive for a d.c. motor an expression for the back emf. generated E. (8 marks) Using the equation obtained in (b) derive an equation for the torque developed at the shaft of a D.C. motor. (state any assumptions) G marks) A 400V shunt wound d.c. motor having an armature and field resistance of 0.62 and 2002 respectively takes a full load current of 100A from the supply when running at 1200r.p.m. (i) What will be the total torque developed by the motor when the supply current is reduce to 70A (7marks) (ii) Calculate the value of resistance that must be added in series with the armature in order that the speed may be reduced from 1200r.p.m to 800r.p.m when taking 100A from the supply. (7 marks) Enumerate the losses of a cage induction machine. (6 marks) Describe briefly two methods for starting an induction motor. (7 marks) A 4 pole, three phase, 420V, S0hz, delta connected induction motor rated at 100kW has a full load efficiency of 89% and a p.f. of 0.8 when running at 1450 p.m. If the stator loss is 3kW, Calculate; (i) the full load slip (3 marks) i) frequency of the rotor emf. (4 marks) (Gii) full load line and phase current (4 marks) (iv) rotor copper loss (5 marks) (v) output torque in N.m. (1 marks) Page 2 of 3(a) (b) (©) State the conditions which must be obtained before a synchronous generator is connected to live busbars. (4 marks) Deduce an expression for the real power P generated by a synchronous generator when connected to an infinite busbar system. Neglect the armature resistance. (6 marks) Two, LIKV, star connected synchronous alternators are connected in parallel to supply a load of 12 MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging. The steam turbines are set such that fone machine delivers twice as much power as the other. The heavily loaded machine has a synchronous reactance of S@2/phase and its excitation is so adjusted that it operates at 0.8 p-f. lagging. The synchronous reactance of the other machine is 6O/phase. Neglecting the internal resistances, calculate for each machine; (i) the current and its power factor, (8 marks) (ii) the generated e.m.f. (6 marks) (ii) the torque angle, (6 marks) Page 3 of 3