Biographicalessay

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ElizabethMendoza

Physics
10/28/2014
RobVetter
MarieCurieBiographicalEssay

MarieCuriewasaPolishnaturalizedFrenchphysicistandachemist.MarieCurie
conductedherownexperimentsonuraniumrays.Shediscoveredthatnomattertheconditionof
formoftheuranium,theraysremainedconstant.Shetheorizedthattherayscamefromthe
elementsatomicstructure.Withthisideashecreatedthefieldofatomicphysicsandcoinedthe
wordradioactivitytodescribethephenomena.
MarieCurie,alongwithherhusbandPierreCurie,discoveredaradioactiveelementin
1898.TheelementthattheyhadfoundwasnamedPolonium.TheelementwasnamedPolonium
afterMarieCuriesnativecountryofPoland.MarieCurieandPierreCuriealsodetectedthe
presenceofanotherradioactivematerialinthepitchblende,inwhichtheybothdecidedtocall
radium.In1902,MarieCurieandPierreCuriemadeanannouncementthattheyhadproduceda
decigramofpureradium,whichdemonstrateditsexistenceasachemicalelement.
In1903,MarieCuriewasthefirstwomentoreceivetheNobelPrizeinPhysics.Shewon
thehonorofreceivingthisNobelPrizeforherworkonradioactivity,alongwithherhusband
PierreCurieandHenriBecquerel.In1911MarieCuriewonasecondNobelprizeinChemistry.
Thistimeshewaselectedforherdiscoveryofradiumandpolonium.MarieCuriewasthefirst
scientisttowintwoNobelPrizes.

MarieCuriewasborninWarsaw,PolandonNovember7,1867.Shewastheyoungestof
fivechildrenandbothofherparentswereteachers.WhenMarieCuriewasyoung,shetookafter
herfatherLadislasstepswhowasaMathandaPhysicsinstructor.Whenshewas11yearsold,
shelosthermother,Bronsitwa,totuberculosis.Excellingathersecondaryschool,MarieCurie
wasnotallowedtoattendthemenonlyUniversityofWarsaw.Instead,shecontinuedher
educationinWarsawsfloatinguniversity.Thisfloatinguniversityconsistedofasetof
undergroundinformalclassesheldinsecrecy.
Lackingfinancialresourcestopayformoreschooling,MarieCurieandhersisterBronya
couldnotgoabroadtoearnanofficialdegree.Foraboutfiveyears,MarieCurieworkedasa
tutorandagoverness.Insteadingofstudying,MarieCuriewouldusethattimetoreadabout
PhysicsaswellasChemistryandMath.FinallymakingherwayinParis,in1491,MarieCurie
enrolledattheSorbonneinParis.Havinglittlemoneymeantthatshesurvivedonbutteredbread
andtea,inwhichsometimessufferedhealthproblemsbecauseofherpoordiet.
In1893,MarieCuriecompletedhermastersdegreeinPhysics.Ayearlater,sheearned
anotherdegreeinMathematics.Aroundthissameyear,shereceivedacommissiontodoastudy
ondifferenttypesofsteelandtheirmagneticproperties.Nothavingalabtoworkin,acolleague
introducedhertotheFrenchPhysicistPierreCurie.MarieCuriediedinPassy,FranceonJuly4,
1934.Hercauseofdeathwasbyaplasticanemia,whichcanbecausedbyexposuretoradiation
foralongtime.

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