Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kanker Gyn
Kanker Gyn
Kanker Gyn
dr.Hariadi, SpOG-K.Onk
Tumor
Tumor = benjolan
jinak/ganas
Kanker = tumor ganas
Jaringan abnormal
tumbuh banyak
tdk terkoordinasi
Kista Ovarium
Kista ovarium
Prolap uteri
Mioma uteri
31.0
Cancer
23.2
Cerebrovascular Diseases
6.8
4.8
Accidents
4.2
3.9
Diabetes Mellitus
2.8
Suicide
1.3
Nephritis
1.1
1.1
Greenlee RT, et al. CA Cancer J Clin.
2001:51;15-36.
Etiologi kanker
Faktor lingkungan
Exposure to
carcinogens
Lifestyle factors
Biologic agents
Pharmacologic/Iatrogenic factors
Kanker Liver
kanker payudara
Site of Cancer
Hepatitis B
Liver
Hepatitis C
Liver
HIV-1
Kaposis sarcoma
HTLV-1
HPV
Uterine cervix
Epstein-Barr
Cole P, Rodu B. Cancer: Principles & Practice ofOncology. 6th ed. 2001;241-252.
Agents
Helicobacter pylori
Schistosoma haematobium
Opisthorchis viverrini
Site of Cancer
Stomach, Pancreas
(?)
Urinary bladder
Liver
Ullrich RL, et al. Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology. 6th ed. 2001;195-206.
Penyebab Iatrogenic
Agents
Ionizing radiation
Site of Cancer
Breast cancer
Leukemia
Skin cancer
Thyroid cancer
Lung cancer
Carcinogen
Shipbuilding,demolition
Varnish, glue
Asbestos
Benzene
Pesticides, smelting
Arsenic
Cancer
Lung, pleura, skin
Leukemia
Lung, skin, liver
Lung, nasal
Furniture manufacturing
Wood dusts
Nasal passages
Petroleum products
Polycyclic hydrocarbons
Lung
Rubber manufacturing
Aromatic amines
Bladder
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl chloride
Liver
Radium
Radium
Lung, bone
Ultraviolet light
Skin
Outdoor occupations
Bale AE, Brown SJ. Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology. 6th ed. 2001;207-217.
Kanker Hereditary/familial
5 dan 10% dari semua tumor, mempunyai karakter
yang herediter
Penting untuk diidentifikasi
deteksi dini dan pencegahan tumor
Beberapa anggota sering mewarisi jenis kanker
yang sama, dari generasi ke generasi
Terjadi pada usia dini: 40 - 50 tahun
Kanker Hereditary/familial
Konseling genetik:
Organ reproduksi
Harapan kebahagiaan
Masalah duka
Rentan terhadap kanker
Payudara, Leher rahim,
indung telur, badan rahim
Kenali masalah
ORGAN REPRODUKSI !!!!
Rentan terhadap kanker
Payudara
Serviks (Leher rahim) >>>>)
Ovarium (Indung telur)
Badan rahim (Endometrium)
Organ reproduksi
Tanpa
gejala
Perdarahan,
Keputihan,
Benjolan, Nyeri
Ggn kencing
Ggn BAB
Bengkak
Rasa berat
Ggn mentruasi
Tanda infeksi
Sesak
Asites
Syok
Program skrining
Payudara (mammografi, thermografi)
KLR (PAP Smear)
100000
200000
300000
400000
Ca Endometrium
Wanita gemuk, postmenopause, paritas rendah,
walaupun ada pd wanita muda (1,2-8,4%)
Meningkat scr gradual sesuai usia
Ovarium
90%
timbul sporadik
10%
et.faktor genetik
Tantangan
awalnya tdk ada gejala
2/3 kasus
stadium lanjut
Ca serviks
Urutan 3 di dunia
100 kasus/100.000 /thn (dep-kes)
70% ke RS stdm lanjut
HPV >> diteliti scr molekular
>> wanita Amerika latin, Afrika, Asia
Di negara maju (KLR stlh ca.payudara,
kolorectal)
ASR di US meningkat scr gradual
Risk factor
Ca.Endometrium
Sering di US
Wanita gemuk, postmenopause, paritas
rendah, walaupun ada pd wanita muda
(1,2-8,4%)
Meningkat scr gradual sesuai usia
Insiden rendah di jepang, india, kulit hitam
Tinggi negara barat
Faktor risiko
Estrogen > progesteron (eliminasi , tumor
granulosa, obesitas: konversi, hipertensi,
DM
risiko : oophorectomy, kurus, olah raga,
merokok
Penelitian epidemiologik
Ca.endometrium
Pemberian estrogen terus
hiperplasi
>>estrogen dr tumor granulosa
kanker
endometrium
Ggn hepar
kanker endometrium
Gemuk
konversi androstenodion
Premenopause (unovulasi)
ca.endometrium
Ca.ovarium
90%
timbul sporadik
10%
et.faktor genetik
Kematian ginekologi utama di US
>> jenis epithelial, usia muda germinal
pd usia 45 th
Tantangan
awalnya tdk ada gejala
2/3 kasus
stadium lanjut
Ca.vulva
4% dr kanker gin
Umumnya usia lanjut (postmenopause)
Risk fc: HPV, merokok, distropia kronik
3x lebih sering dr Ca.vagina
Ca.vagina
Primer (tdk meliputi serviks dan vulva)
Jarang : 0,23/100.000 wanita
Umumnya sel skuamosa
Usia > 60 thn
Risk fc: sosek , HPV, iritasi kronis, DES
pd wanita hamil (clear cell
adenocarcinoma
US: 2x lebih sering pd kulit hitam
Usia muda : sarcoma botyroides
Ca cervix
Ca cerviks
Apa ya.
Kanker rahim itu ???
kematian
Ca cerviks
Penderita kanker sang pencipta (biasa)
Wanita mengetahui kanker
Bersikap apa?
Tdk mengerti skrining (masalah Informasi)
Peran
tenaga kesehatan
Global Problem
466,000 new cases identified each year
80% of the new cases occur in
developing countries
At least 231,000 women die of cervical
cancer each year
Cervical cancer is the third most
common cancer worldwide
1/8/2015
46
Indonesian Problems
1. Cervical Ca still a leading type of Ca among the
woman
2. Ca Cervix represent 11 % of total cancer in
woman and 66 % of gynecology Cancer
3. Overall survival rate cervical cancer in INA is low
4. Patients come to hosp. in the late stages
5. Death can prevent only by screening routinely
6. Adeno Ca of the cervix is increasing
7. Developing of the early detection and
the management of the cervical cancer is
important
1/8/2015
47
pengobatan lama/mahal
follow up/harapan hidup
khawatir kambuh
Displasi
a
Noninvasiv
e Cancer
Invasive
Cancer
NORMAL CELL
LAYERS
Facing
outside
the cervix
PRE CANCER
CELL LAYERS
Superficial
Superficial
Intermediate
Intermediate
Pra Basal
Basal
Basal
LGSIL
Inside
cervix
Upper layers
Columnar
Reserve
Lower layers
HGSIL
Superficial
Upper layers
Basal
Lower layers
HGSIL
FIGO
Cipto
80,0-95,1%
48 %
II
63,566,3%,
42%
III
33,3-38,7 %
19%
IV
9,4-17,1%
0%
Kanker
Ancaman derita (diri & kel)
Gejala
Ringan berat dampak keluarga
100
80
60
Ca. Cervix
40
20
0
2005
2006
2007
Penyebab utama
Virus (HPV)
Tapi .?????
Wassalam
Terima kasih
Arigato
Mercy Beaucoup
Vielen Dank
Thank You