During the Gilded Age, large companies built monopolies through trusts and horizontal integration. Andrew Carnegie created the first steel monopoly by vertically integrating the steel production process. John D. Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Trust, which was the first large scale example of horizontal integration that brought many oil refineries under centralized control. While monopolies restricted competition, they were not yet illegal under antitrust laws during this early period of the Gilded Age.
During the Gilded Age, large companies built monopolies through trusts and horizontal integration. Andrew Carnegie created the first steel monopoly by vertically integrating the steel production process. John D. Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Trust, which was the first large scale example of horizontal integration that brought many oil refineries under centralized control. While monopolies restricted competition, they were not yet illegal under antitrust laws during this early period of the Gilded Age.
During the Gilded Age, large companies built monopolies through trusts and horizontal integration. Andrew Carnegie created the first steel monopoly by vertically integrating the steel production process. John D. Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Trust, which was the first large scale example of horizontal integration that brought many oil refineries under centralized control. While monopolies restricted competition, they were not yet illegal under antitrust laws during this early period of the Gilded Age.