Stoichiometry

Chapter 9

I. Introduction to Stoichiometry
A. Stoichiometry calculation of quantities of substances involved in
chemical reactions
B. How many pieces of bread are needed to make 13 ham sandwiches?
H
+
2B
1 ham
2 bread
13 HB2

HB2
1 sandwich

2B _ = 26 B
1 HB2

C. Mole Ratio
N2
1 mol

3 H2
3 mol

2 NH3
2 mol

D. Molar Mass the mass of 1 mol of a substance

mass A

molar mass
<============> mol A

1. Find the mass of 25.0 moles of ammonia.

2. Find the number of moles of 34.8 g of calcium nitrate.

II. Stoichiometric Calculations

A.

coefficients
mol A =============> mol B

B. How many moles of hydrogen react with 3.1 moles of oxygen in a

synthesis reaction?

C. How many moles of aluminum are needed to produce 2.3 moles of

aluminum oxide?

D.
molar
molar
mass
coefficients
mass
grams A ======> mol A =========> mol B ======> grams B
E. How many grams of nitrogen react with hydrogen to produce 1.80
moles of ammonia ?

F. How many moles of oxygen are needed for the combustion of 13.0
grams of C2H2 ?

G. How many grams of iron (III) oxide are produced when oxygen
combines with 143 grams of iron ?

III. Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield

A. Limiting Reactant
1. reactant that is used up first
2. reactant that could yield the least amount of product
B. 60 pieces of bread and 25 pieces of ham are available for making ham
sandwiches
H
+
2B
1 ham
2 bread

HB2
1 sandwich

1. find the amount of product which could be produced and identify the
limiting reactant

2. how much excess reactant remain?

C. 7.41 moles of aluminum are mixed with 7.81 moles of oxygen and
caused to react
1. find the amount of product which could be produced and identify the
limiting reactant

2. How many moles of excess reactant remain?

D. 80.0 g copper and 25.0 g sulfur are mixed and react to produce copper
(I) sulfide
How many grams of copper (I) sulfide should be produced and which is
the limiting reactant?

How many grams of sulfur remain?

E. Percent Yield
1.
% Yield =

actual yield
theoretical yield

_ (100)

2. actual yield amount of product that is produced when the reaction

is carried out in the lab
3. theoretical yield amount of product that is predicted by
calculations involving the chemical equation
4.

3.74 g Cu is produced when 1.87 g Al reacts with an excess of

copper (II) sulfate ?

a. find theoretical yield

b. find percent yield