Lab # 4 Aperture Antennas

1. For open ended waveguide :

f = 10.5 GHz

Friis transmission formula gives,

with same gain at both transmission and receiver,

therefore with experimental readings,

G = 7.71 = 8.87 dB (with Friis method)
Now, measured beam width are,
H = 62 0

E = 930
D 35230/ H E
D 6.31 8 dB

From aperture theory,

with ap = 0.81
D = 2.87 = 4.57 dB
Calculation of theoretical beamwidths is done using :

which gives,
HPBW
H-plane
E-plane

Theoretical(degree)
61.6
141

Practical(degree)
62
93

2. For a Horn a small horn,

using Friis formula and using gain of open ended waveguide provided by previous measurement,
Gt = 7.71 = 8.87 dB
Therefore,
Gr = gain of small horn = 20.51 = 13.04 dB
Measured beamwidths for small are horn were,

H = 34 0

E = 400

which gives,
D 41253/ H E
D 23.81 13.74 dB
From aperture theory,

with ap = 0.51
D = 11.3 = 10.53 dB
Calculation of theoretical beamwidths is done using :

which gives,
HPBW
H-plane
E-plane

Theoretical(degree)
43.28
61

Practical(degree)
34
40

3. Measured small horn gain is G =13.04 dB(20.51 linear). So using aperture theory formula and
readjustment,

4. For H-plane
Small Horn
3483523560
340344
336
332
328
324
-5
320
316
312
-10
308
304
300
-15
296
292
-20
288
284
280
-25
276
272
-30
268
264
260
256
252
248
244
240
236
232
228
224
220
216
212
208
204
200196
192188184

180

Big Horn
4 8 12
16 20

24

28

32

36

40

44
48
52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
92
96
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
144
148
152
156
160
164
176172168

figure 1 : Polar plot H-planes of both horns

H-Plane
Small Horn
Big Horn

3 dB beamwidth
Theoretical
Measured
43.28
43.57
31.23
20.89

SLL
Theoretical

Measured

5. For E-plane
Small Horn

3483523560
340344
336
332
328
324
-5
320
316
312
-10
308
304
300
-15
296
292
-20
288
284
280
-25
276
272
-30
268
264
260
256
252
248
244
240
236
232
228
224
220
216
212
208
204
200196
192188184

180

Big Horn

4 8 12
16 20

24

28

32

36

40

44
48
52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
92
96
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
144
148
152
156
164160
168
176172

figure 2: Polar plot of E-plane of both horns

E-Plane
Small Horn
Big Horn

3 dB beamwidth
Theoretical
Measured
61
26.18
35
20

SLL
Theoretical

Measured
-14
-12

6. Small Horn

figure 3: Radiation pattern of small horn (a) E-plane (b) H-plane

figure 4: Big horn radiation patterns (a) E-plane (b) H-Plane

From the figure 3 for small horn,

Small Horn
Directivity
-3 dB beamwidth
side lobe level

E-plane
12.37 dB
47.410
19.64 dB

H-Plane
12.37 dB
42.160
19.64 dB

E-plane
16.41 dB
27.380
24.01 dB

H-Plane
16.41 dB
26.430
12.92 dB

From figure 4 for big horn,

Big Horn
Directivity
-3 dB beamwidth
side lobe level

7. Waveguide with sharp edges gives following radiations

Directivity obtained with sharp edge waveguide as antenna is 4.71 =6.73 dB.
And here it can be observed radiation in H- plane is narrower than that of E plane. Because H
plane is along broader side of waveguide.

Directivity obtained with sharp edge waveguide as antenna is 4.21 = 6.24 dB.
And here it can be observed radiation in H- plane is wider than that of H- plane of sharp edge
waveguide.