Chapter 4 : INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN LIVING ORGANISMS

AND ENVIRONMENT
Species, population, community, and ecosystem
1. Group of organisms with the same morphology (shape and
structure) and can mutually propagate.

1. Species

2. Natural living place for animals and plants.

2. Habitat

3. A group of similar species living in a certain area.

3. Population

4. Several populations of organisms living together interacting and 4. Community

influencing one another.
5. Several communities interdependent on one another and on
the physical environment.

5. Ecosystem

6 Study on how organisms depend on one another and on the

environment.

6. Ecology

Types of interaction between living things

Biological control
Meaning of biological control
A method of using a predator which is a natural enemy of a pest to control the
population of that pest (prey) in an area.
Advantages of biological control
1 Does not pollute the environment
2 Cheap and safe to use
3 Does not kill other organisms except the pest
4 The effect is long lasting
Constructing food chains and food webs
Food Chain. Is a sequence of feeding relationship between several organisms
Food web a combination of several food chains
Food chain
(i) Leaf Deer Tiger
(ii) Leaf Rabbit Tiger/Wolf
(iii) Leaf Caterpillar Chicken
(iv) Leaf Caterpillar Chicken Tiger
(v) Leaf Caterpillar Chicken Wolf

Pyramid Of number

The diagram above shows a pyramid of numbers in a grassland.

1 What role is played by the trees in the pyramid of numbers?
Producers
2 Which organisms are the primary and secondary consumers?
(a) Primary consumers: Y (b) Secondary consumers: X
3 How does the number of organisms change when one moves from the base to the
peak of the pyramid?
Becomes smaller
Photosynthesis
A process that takes place in green plants where they make food for themselves.