TRNG I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

TRNG I HC CNG NGH THNG TIN

KHOA KHOA HC MY TNH
()

Lp CNTN04

BO CO
n Lp Trnh Symbolic
Ti:
V S MCH IN MT CHIU
V GII BI TON IN MT CHIU
Gio vin hng dn: ThS. Nguyn nh Hin.
Sinh vin: Tng Vn Chun 09520475.
Hunh Vn c 09520066.

MC LC
I.

THU THP TRI THC. .............................................................................................................3

1. Yu cu bi ton t ra. .....................................................................................................3
2. Thu thp tri thc. ...............................................................................................................3
3. Biu din tri thc. ..............................................................................................................4
4. T chc lu tr trn my tnh. ...........................................................................................5

II. THIT K NG C SUY DIN. ...............................................................................................7

1. M hnh bi ton. ...............................................................................................................7
a. M hnh: .........................................................................................................................7
b. c t bi ton: ...............................................................................................................8
2. Thut gii. ..........................................................................................................................8
a. Cc bc chun b: ..........................................................................................................9
b. Qu trnh i tm li gii: ................................................................................................ 10
c. V d minh ha cho thut gii. ....................................................................................... 11
III.

CI T TH NGHIM. ..................................................................................................... 13

TI LIU THAM KHO: ............................................................................................................... 16

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I. THU THP TRI THC.
1. Yu cu bi ton t ra.
Nhp vo:
Nhng yu t bit di dng:
Biu thc quan h gia cc i tng- hnh thc mc cc i tng: Bao
gm cc bin v cc ton t song song // v ni tip Nt.
V d: R1 // R2 Nt ( R3 // R4 ).
Cc bin v gi tr c th ca n.
V d: R1=5, U3=6, I2=1.5.
Mi lin h gia cc yu t di dng phng trnh.
V d: I1=3*I2, R1=2*sin(U2)+2, R1^2=R3^2+1
Vn cn tnh: Mt hay nhiu yu t cn tm.
Xut ra: Hnh v ca mch v gi tr ca cc yu t cn tnh, i km li gii chi tit.
2. Thu thp tri thc.
C s tri thc y gm:
Cc khi nim v cc yu t trong mch in mt chiu:
Xt 4 yu t chnh trong mch in mt chiu c lit k sau y:
I: Cng dng in.
R: in tr.
U: Hiu in th.
P: Cng sut tiu th in.
Cc loi i tng trong mch in mt chiu:
in tr.
Bng n.
Ampe k.
Vn k.
Ngun.
Cc h thc lin h ni b gia cc yu t ca mt i tng trong mch:
1. nh Lut m:
I = U/R
2. Cc cng thc tnh cng sut:
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P = U*I = R*I2 = U2/R.

Cc h thc lin h gia cc i tng trong 2 cch mc mch:
- Mch mc song song:
Ut = U1 = U2.
It = I1 + I2.

- Mch mc ni tip:
Ut = U1 + U2.
It = I1 = I2.
Rt = R1 + R2.
3. Biu din tri thc.
M hnh biu din tri thc l m hnh cy kt hp vi Mng tnh ton[1]. Gm hai
thnh phn:
Tp hp cc yu t ca cc i tng trong mch in mt chiu, mi yu t
s c biu din bng mt bin thc dng c thu thp phn II.1.
Tp hp cc quan h gia cc bin.
Cc yu t ca mch in mt chiu c biu din bng cc bin c ch s. V d:
I1, I2, I3...: l tn bin i din cho cc cng dng in ln lt i qua cc
i tng c ch s 1, 2, 3 km theo.
R1, R2, R3...: l tn bin i din cho in tr ln lt ca cc i tng c ch
s 1, 2, 3
U1,U2,U3...: l tn bin i din cho hiu in th ln lt ca cc i tng
c ch s 1, 2, 3
Cc quan h gia cc bin c biu din nh sau:
{ phng trnh quan h}
- V d:
{I=U/R}
{P=U*I}
{ P = R * ( I^2 ) }
{ U3 = U2 }
{ I3 = I1 + I2 }
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{ 1/R3 = 1/R1 + 1/R2 }
...
4. T chc lu tr trn my tnh.
Lu tr di dng cc tp tin TEXT c cu trc:
File lu cc bin s trong mch in mt chiu v n v tnh tng ng.
Tn file: Facts.txt
Cu trc file:
Cac thanh phan cua mot doi tuong cua mach:
{ I(A), R(Om), U(V), P(W) }
Chuthich:
I : Cuong do dong dien.
R : Dien tro.
U : Hieu dien the.
P : Cong suat tieu thu.
File lu cc gi tr mc nh u vo cho cc yu t cn xc nh trc ca
tng i tng ca mch in mt chiu bo gm in tr (R), bng n (L),
dy dn (W), vn k(V), Ampe k(A):
Tn file: Items.txt
Cu trc file:
Begin
R: {I, R, U, P} //Dien tro
L: {I, R, U, P} //Bong den
W: {I, R=0, U=0, P=0} //Day dan
V: {I=0, R=10000, U, P=0} //Von ke
A: {I, R=0, U=0, P=0} //Ampe ke
End.
File lu cc quan h ni b gia cc yu t ca 1 i tng trong mch.
Tn file: InternalRels.txt
Cu trc file:
Cac cong thuc quan he giua cac doi tuong trong quan he noi tiep:
{ I = U/R }
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{ P = U*I }
{ P = R*(I^2) }
{ P = (U^2)/R }
File lu cc quan h gia cc yu t trong mch mc song song.
Tn file: ParallelRels.txt
Cu trc file:
Cac cong thuc quan he giua cac doi tuong trong quan he noi tiep:
{ U1 = U2 }
{ U3 = U1 }
{ U3 = U2 }
{ I3 = I1 + I2 }
{ 1/R3 = 1/R1 + 1/R2 }
Chuthich:
I3, R3, U3: l i din cc i tng pht sinh, l cc gi tr tng ca
mch gm 2 i tng thnh phn vi ch s i din 1 v 2.
File lu cc quan h gia cc yu t trong mch mc ni tip.
Tn file: SeriesRels.txt
Cu trc file:
Cac cong thuc quan he giua cac doi tuong trong quan he noi tiep:
{ U3 = U1 + U2 }
{ I1 = I2 }
{ I3 = I1 }
{ I3 = I2 }
{ R3 = R1 + R2 }
Chuthich:
I3, R3, U3: l i din cc i tng pht sinh, l cc gi tr tng ca
mch gm 2 i tng thnh phn vi ch s i din 1 v 2.

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II. THIT K NG C SUY DIN.
1. M hnh bi ton.
a. M hnh:
Da trn vic nghin cu cc bi ton c th ta c th xut m hnh bi ton tng
qut trn m hnh tri thc Mng tnh ton[2,3] gm nhng phn nh sau:
A, B, C ( M, F )
Trong :

A l tp hp cc i tng tnh ton c trong gi thuyt.

B l tp hp cc i tng tnh ton mc tiu.
C tp hp cc iu kin, quan h gia cc i tng tnh ton.
M l tp hp y cc i tng tnh ton trong khng gian cho v bao
gm c cc i tng pht sinh tin x l trc khi a vo m hnh .
F l tp hp cc quan h gia cc i tng tnh ton trong tp M.
V d: Cho mch in c biu thc quan h sau: ((R1//R2)ntR3)ntR4. Cho U4=4, R3=2,
I1=1.5, I2=2/3 *I1 v U1234=12. Tnh R2, I3 ?
(Ch thch U1234 l yu t ca i tng mi pht sinh c ch s 1234)
Bi ton c th m hnh ha theo m hnh trn nh sau:
A: { U4=4, R3=2, I1=1.5, U1234=12}.
B: {R2, I3}.
C:= f: I2 =2/3 * I1.
M := {I1, R1, U1, P1, I2, R2, U2, P2, I3, R3, U3, P3, I4, R4, U4, P4, I12, R12, U12, P12,
I123, R123, U123, P123, I1234, R1234, U1234, P1234 }.
Trong cc bin trong tp M c khi nim trong phn I.2 (thu thp tri thc).

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F : l tp bao gm phng trnh f: I2 =2/3 * I1 trong C v cc phng trnh l cc

quan h ni b gia cc yu t ca tng i tng, cc phng trnh quan h song
song v ni tip ti bi ton ny c da trn c s mc I.2 (thu thp tri thc).
b. c t bi ton:
bi c th m t di dng mt tp tin vn bn c cu trc n gin sau:
Begin
Relation: {<chui quan h mc mch gia cc i tng> }
Hypothesis: {< tn i tng 1> = <gi tr tng ng>, <tn i tng 2> = <gi
tr tng ng>, ...,<tn i tng n> = <gi tr tng ng>}
Conditions: {<phng trnh quan h 1>,<phng trnh quan h 2>,..,<phng
trnh quan h k>}
Targets: {<tn i tng 1>, <tn i tng 2>, ..., <tn i tng m>}
End.
V d c t bi ton nu phn II.1.a( m hnh).
Begin
Relation: {((R1//R2)ntR3)ntR4}
Hypothesis: {U1234=12, U4=4, R3=2, I1=1.5}
Conditions: { I2 =2*I1 /3}
Targets: {R2, I3}
End.

2. Thut gii.
Sau y l mt s nh ngha li d dng ng ha vi chng trnh gii bi ton in
mt chiu:
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1)
2)
3)
4)

ListRelations
(M, F).
ListNodes
A.
ListEquations
C.
ListTargets
B.

a. Cc bc chun b:
Bc 1: To cc i tng t chui quan h mc cc i tng trong mch, bao gm
c cc i tng pht sinh. S dng k nng x l chui v to cy nh phn gii
quyt vn ny.
V d: t chui (R1//R2)NtR3 ta biu din trc quan cy nh sau:

Ch thch:
1. Tn ca 1 i tng mi c dng R + index _lesft + index_right. Nh ta thy
trn hnh v i tng c to ra t 2 i tng R1 v R2 s c tn l R12.
2. Op(Operator) ton t: * -> song song, + -> ni tip.
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Bc 2: to cc quan h(Relations) ni b, quan h song song, ni tip gia cc i

tng trn cy :
Sau y l biu din trc quan 1 relation:

By gi ta c 3 tp chnh sau: ListNodes, ListRelations, ListTarget.

Bc 3: To mng li th t ListNodes v ListRelations:
Gom cc node v cc relation th ta c th cha lin thng. V ta tin hnh kt
ni chng vi nhau. Ta tin hnh lin kt cc relation khc nhau c node cng tn vi
nhau. ng nht cc node trong ListNodes(cc node c cho trong gi thit c
gi tr) vi node trong th, ng thi kch hot relation cha n.
b. Qu trnh i tm li gii:
Bc 1: Loi b cc yu t cn tm m tn ti gi tr( cho trong gi thit) bng cch
xa cc node trong ListTargets m c trong ListNodes.
Bc 2: Chy ln lt cc node trong ListTargets tm ng i n tng Target.

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Bc 3: Sau khi nhn mt node tr v t bc 2. Nu node ny null th kt lun

khng tm c li gii. Ngc li sang bc 4.
Bc 4: Ta d ngc li t node tm danh sch cc relation cha cc phng
trnh p dng tm node .
Bc 5: Xa b cc relation trng nhau do tm tng i tng ring l.
c. V d minh ha cho thut gii.
Cho mch in c biu thc quan h sau: ((R1//R2)ntR3)ntR4. Cho U4=4, R3=2, I1=1.5,
I2=2/3 *I1 v U1234=12. Tnh R2, I3 ?
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- M t bi ton:
Gi thit: {((R1//R2)ntR3)ntR4, U4=4, R3=2, I1=1.5, I2=2/3 *I1,U1234=12 }.
Kt lun: tnh {R2, I3 }.
- Ghi nhn thng tin ca bi ton theo m hnh mng tnh ton kt hp vi th:
Begin
Relation: {((R1//R2)ntR3)ntR4}
Hypothesis: {U1234=12, U4=4, R3=2, I1=1.5}
Conditions: { I2 =2*I1 /3}
Targets: {R2, I3}
End.
- Trnh t suy din ca bi ton c m t qua li gii nh sau:
p dng cng thc f: I12 =I1 +I2
Ta c: I12 = I1+I2
Th cc gi tr vo ta c:
I12 = 1.5+ 1
I12=2.5 (A)
p dng cng thc f: I12 =I3
Ta c: I3 = I12
Th cc gi tr vo ta c:
I3=2.5 (A)
p dng cng thc f: I3=U3/R3
Ta c: U3 = I3*R3
Th cc gi tr vo ta c:
U3 = 2.5* 2
U3=5 (V)
p dng cng thc f: U1234 =U123 +U4
Ta c: U123 = U1234-U4
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Th cc gi tr vo ta c:
U123 = 12- 4
U123=8 (V)
p dng cng thc f: U123 =U12 +U3
Ta c: U12 = U123-U3
Th cc gi tr vo ta c:
U12 = 8- 5
U12=3 (V)
p dng cng thc f: U12 =U2
Ta c: U2 = U12
Th cc gi tr vo ta c:
U2=3 (V)
p dng cng thc f: I2=U2/R2
Ta c: R2 = U2/I2
Th cc gi tr vo ta c:
R2 = 3/ 1
R2=3 (Om)
III.

CI T TH NGHIM.
- Chng trnh c vit trn ngn ng C# khng h tr ca bn th 3.
- V mch in c thc hin duyt cy theo hng tri- phi-cha. V vic v
mch n gin nn nhm khng trnh by chi tit.
- Theo kho st cc bi ton t bc trung hc c s, thng th trung bnh mt bi
ton c khong di 8 i tng trong mch. V l do chng trnh ny cng
x l khong di 10 i tng thnh phn.
- Mt vi hn ch ca chng trnh l:
Khi ngi nhp sai th chng trnh ch bo li chung chung.
Mt s dng quan h dng tam thc bc 2 cha gii c.
- Giao din chng:
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- Hng dn s dng chng trnh:

: M hp thoi chn cc mu:

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: Thc hin li gii cho bi tp:

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TI LIU THAM KHO:

[1] GSTS. Hong Kim & PGS.TS Vn Nhn- Mng tnh ton v ng dng (1996).
[2]

Nhon Van Do, Constructing of Intelligent Computation Systems, Ph.D Thesis, National
University of Ho Chi Minh City (2002).

[3]

Nhon Do, Tam Pham - Problem Solving Techniques with Extensive Computational Network
and Applying in an Educational Software (2010).

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