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Fear of Communism

Name: Mr. Budd


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Growing fears

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Breakdown of relations

At end of WWII, USA and USSR


controlled half of Europe each.
Both worried about the other.
Federal Employee Loyalty
Progamme (FELP) - sacked
suspected Communists.
House of Un-American Activities
Committee (HUAAC)
investigated 'Communist
influtration'.

By late 1940s there were real


concerns about Soviet
intentions.
1948 Berlin Blockade.
1949 Communist takeover of
China, first Soviet atom bomb.
1950 Invasion of South Korea
by Communist North Korea.

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Hysteria

Suspected Communist
sympathisers were blacklisted.
1948 Alger Hiss (former US
state department official) falsely
accused of spying. Imprisoned
for 5 years.
1950 Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg convicted of passing
nuclear secrets.

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Why did the USA develop a


fear of Communism?

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Impact

McCarthyism

Senator Joe McCarthy, a


Republican senator, claimed
Communists were everywhere in
the US government.
Nobody challenged him
otherwise they would be
branded a 'Commie'!
He forced over 2 thousand
innocent people to appear in
front of the HUAAC.

Why did it end?

He bullied, threatened and


accused witnesses.
Once the hearings were
televised public opinion turned
against him.
Couldn't produce the evidence.
He claimed the US army was
infultrated - this was too much!
Relations with USSR improved
since death of Stalin (1953).

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Showed how fearful America


was of Communism - 'the Red
Scare'.
Many thousands of civil
servants lost their jobs, as did
teachers, actors, writers and
performers.
The scare meant that many
reputations were unfairly ruined
e.g. Charlie Chaplin.

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