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1.6 Sound Waves
1.6 Sound Waves
Longitudinal
wave
Mechanical
wave
Require
medium to
propogate
M = compression
R = rarefaction
Loudness and Pitch
1. Loudness is defined as sound energy per second incident on a unit area
placed
2. Loudness depends on the amplitude of sound wave
Soft sound - small amplitude
Loud sound - big amplitude
Moth
1.Ultrasonic waves are
used to locate the
position of object by
measuring the time the
ultrasonic wave take to
return to the source
2.Method for locating
objects by the reflection
of sound waves is:
d=vx
t
2
d = distance
v = velocity of sound
t = time
1.Ultra sound
scanning helps
doctors to see our
internal body
structures.
2.Different body parts
reflect sound waves
differently.
3.The reflected sound
waves will then be
captured by a
scanner to produce
an image.
2. Example.
1. Echolocation is a
method used by
animal to navigate
in the dark and find
food.
2. For example bats
emit sound waves
through their mouse
or nose to detect the
location,size,shape
and texture of an
insects from the echoes
that bounce back.
a) Sonar waves are emitted from the bottom of a ship which is determining
the depth of the sea. The echoes are received 0.8 s
after emission. Given that the velocity of sound is 1200 ms-1 ,
Calculate the depth of the sea at this point.
Solution:
Time taken for sound to travel from ship to sea bed =
1
x 0.8 s = 0.4 s
2
Velocity = distance
time taken
Depth of sea, d = velocity x time
= 1200 x 0.4
= 480 m
b) A man stands 660 m away from a cliff. He gives a shout and hears his
echo later. What is the time taken for him to hear the echo sound.
(Take the velocity of sound in air to be 330 ms-1 ).
Solution:
2s
,where t is the time taken to hear the echo,
t
2s
Therefore, t =
v
= 2 x 660
330
= 4 seconds.
Using v =
A. 3.0 cm
B. 6.0 cm
C. 9.0 cm
D. 12.0 cm
3. A sound wave is sent into a pool, which is 500 m deep, and the reflection of
the sound can be heard after 10 s. The velocity of the sound wave in water is
A. 100 ms-1
B. 500 ms-1
C. 5000 ms-1
D. 10000 ms-1
4. Which of the following statements about the sound is not true?
A. sound travels faster through rocks than through air
B. sound waves cannot pass through a vacuum
C. the pitch of a sound wave is related to its frequency
D. sound waves are transverse waves
5.Which graph represents the sound wave with the highest pitch?
6. Ahmad shouts in front of a high wall. He hears the echo of his voice 1.2
seconds later.
The velocity of sound in air is 340 ms-1.
What is the distance between Ahmad and the wall?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
204 m
283 m
340 m
408 m
816 m
150 Hz
500 Hz
200 Hz
________________________________________________________________
15. If the amplitude of a sound wave is increased, what difference would you
noticed?
________________________________________________________________
ASSESMENT( 40 minutes)
1. The diagram shows an ultrasonic waves transmitted from a boat to the seabed
to determine the depth ,D , of the sea. The speed of the ultrasonic waves in
water is 1500 ms-1.The echo of the waves is received 2.0 s after the
transmission.
375 m
750 m
1500 m
3000 m
6000 m
2. Which of the following statements best describes how sound travels from one
place to another?
A. Sound waves are transverse propagated by the vibrations of particles
B. Sound waves are transverse waves whose movements are invisible to our
eyes.
C. Sound waves are longitudinal waves propagated by the vibrations of
particles
D. Sound waves are longitudinal waves which move outwards in circles of
increasing radii
3. A compression in a sound wave refers to
A. a region where the molecules move very close together
B. a region where the wavefronts are crowded together
C. a group of molecules which vibrate to produce the sound
D. the wavefront which causes the air molecules to vibrate
4. A normal person can hear sounds whose frequencies lie between
A. 10 Hz and 10 kHz
B. 20 Hz and 20 kHz
C. 25 Hz and 25 kHz
D. 30 Hz and 30 kHz
5. Astronauts in space need to communicate with each other by radio links
because
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pitch
amplitude
frequency
frequency
speed
loudness
frequency
amplitude
speed
amplitude
Nature of wave
longitudinal
longitudinal
transverse
transverse
A.
B.
C.
D.
speed in glass/ms-1
5000
200 000 000
5000
200 000 000
8. What is the correct order for the speed of sound in air, steel and water?
Slowest
Air
Air
Water
Water
A
B
C
D
steel
water
air
steel
fastest
water
steel
steel
air
9. A sound wave from a violin has a larger amplitude than that from a flute. The
sound wave from the flute has a higher frequency than that from the violin.
Which instrument produces the louder sound and which produces the sound of
higher pitch?
A
B
C
D
Louder sound
Flute
Flute
Violin
violin
Higher pitch
Flute
Violin
Flute
Violin
11. A tuning fork produces a sound of 256 Hz. What is its wavelength?
(Take the speed of sound as 340 ms-1)
12. (a) Sound is a longitudinal wave. Explain with the aid of a diagram, what is
14.A sound wave of frequency 220 Hz travels in air at a speed of 330 ms-1.
Increasing frequency
Visible
light
x-rays
(a)(i)Name three regions of the electromagnetic spectrum other than x-rays and
visible light.
________________________________________________________________
(ii)Copy the above figure and on it show the position of the three regions of the
10
(iii)Write one or two sentences about each region of the spectrum that you
have chosen, describing how the electromagnetic waves are used or how
they affect people.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
(iv)State one property that all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum have in
common.
_______________________________________________________________
18.The figure below shows ultrasound being used to study an unborn baby.
(i)Explain how the vibrations of the source produce waves of ultrasound and
suggest how these waves are transmitted through the body tissue to the
receiver.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(ii) Ultrasound used in medicine has a frequency which is about 100 times
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Answers of ACTIVITIES
1. A
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. A
7. transverse
8. vibration
9. Compression, low, rarefraction
10.vacuum
11.higher
12. frequency
13.amplitude
14.500 Hz
15. Pitch of the sound will increase
Answers of ASSESMENT
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. B
11. =
340
256
12
=1.32 m
12. (a)
oscillation
Direction of wave motion
Medium
particle
13. 0.03 m
14. (i)v = f
330
=
220
= 1.5 m
(ii)the sound would be louder
15.(a)lower frequency: 20 Hz
Upper frequency: 20 kHz
(b)The frequency of a sound wave determines its pitch
(c)The air pressure alternately increases and decreases when a sound wave
passes that point
16.(a)An echo is the sound heard after the reflection of sound from hard, flat
surfaces.
2d
t
85(2)
=
0.5
= 340 ms-1
(b) v =
13
infrared
Visible
light
Ultra
violet
x-rays
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