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8.1 Boiling: General considerations
Boiling is associated with transformation of liquid to vapor at a solid/liquid i
nterface due to convection heat transfer from the solid.
Agitation of fluid by vapor bubbles provides for large convection coefficients a
nd hence large heat fluxes at low-to-moderate surface-to-fluid temperature diffe
rences
Special form of Newton s law of cooling:
esatssThTThq?????)(
where is the saturation temperature of the liquid, and satT)
Special cases
?
Pool Boiling:Liquid motion is due to natural convection and bubble-induced mixin
g.
?
Forced Convection Boiling:Fluid motion is induced by external means, as well as
by bubble-induced mixing.
?
Saturated Boiling:Liquid temperature is slightly larger than saturation temperat
ure
?
Subcooled Boiling:Liquid temperature is less than saturation
The principal wrought and cast brass compositions in
commercial use are listed in Tables 19 and 20 on pages 24 - 26
with an indication of the forms in which they are available. The
tables include two groups of alloys not commonly described as
brasses: the nickel silvers (which, except for the 20% nickel
versions, contain more zinc than nickel) and the so-called bronzewelding
filler alloys. In the USA an alloy containing 5% each of
zinc, tin and lead is known as red brass , but in the UK this alloy
is classified as a leaded gunmetal with the EN designation
CC491K (LG2). Gunmetals are not covered in this publication.