SPOKEN LANGUAGE, ORAL CULTURE

It refers to how
participants in take up
various social roles in
a cultural space.

The spoken medium is

directly linked to the
time of its enunciation
and perception of the
verbal event

The two very different media

of speech and writing

SPEECH AND WRITING

Oral cultures must

have experienced
before the invention
of writing

Traces of orality have

remained both in speech
and writing

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEECH AND WRITING

Speech is transient
rather tan
permanent

Writing as a
mdium can easlily
lead people

It express is
permanent

To understand a message
or conversation the
interlocutors may not
speak at the same time

Speech is aggregative use

of verbal aggregates or
Speech
is
additive,
formulaic expressions
speakers
add
connectors
and maintain the contact
like and.. And,then in a
between interlocutors
conversation

Writing is hierarchically
ordered,
the
most
important ideas go on
the top of a page
according to the cultural
convention

Speech
redundant,
Writing
hasiscome
to bespeakers tend to
make
frequent
use of repetition,
viewed as the mdium
paraphrase
that fosters analysis,
logical reasoning and
abstract categorization

Written language doesn`t have to

make such demands on short term
memory, it tends to avoid redundancy

Speech is loosely structured

grammatically and is lexically
sparse
Writing, by contrast is grammatically
compact and lexically dense

Speech tends to be people

centered, speakers not only focus
on their topic, but try to engage
their listeners as well, and appeal
to their senses and emotions.

Speech is characterized by false

starts, filled and unfilled pauses,
hesitations, parenthetic remarks,
unfinished sentences.

Writers of expositiory prose try to make

their messange as clear, unambiguous,
coherent, and trustworthy as possible.
Other written texts apeal to the
reader`s emotions.

Speech, being close to the situation at hand,

is context dependent and based on
common experience.

Spoken
and
writing
languges may be used in
scribbed emo, e- mail
informal letter, academic
lecture
scientific
presentation
scholary
article, and so on

By: Johanna Arrobo and Cristina Herrera

The social structure of a

discourse community is
reflected, constructed and
perpetuated
by
the
members use language to
define their position

7th A