Application of OR gate

Wherever the occurrence of any one or more than one event is needed to be detected or some
actions are to be taken after their occurrence, in all those cases OR gates can be used. It can
be explained with an example. Suppose in an industrial plant if one or more than one parameter
exceeds the safe value, some protective measure is needed to be done. In that case OR gate is
used. We are going to show this with the help of a diagram.

Application of OR gate
The above figure is a typical schematic diagram where an OR gate is used to detect exceed of
temperature or pressure and produce command signal for the system to take required actions.

Application of AND gate

There are mainly two applications of AND gate as Enable gate and Inhibit gate. Enable gate
means allowance of data through a channel and Inhibit gate is just the reverse of that process
i.e. disallowance of data through a channel. We are going to show an enabling operation to
understand it in an easier way. Suppose in the measurement of frequency of a pulsed
waveform. For measurement of frequency a gating pulse of known frequency is sent to enable
the passage of the waveform whose frequency is to be measured. The diagram below shows
the arrangement of the above explained operation.

Application of AND gate

Application of NOT gate or Inverters

NOT gates are also known as inverter because they invert the output given to them and show
the reverse result. Now the CMOS inverters are commonly used to build square wave oscillators
which are used for generating clock signals. The advantage of using these is they consume low
power and their interfacing is very easy compared to other logic gates.

Square wave oscillator by using a ring configuration

The above figure shows the most fundamental circuit made of ring configuration to generate
square wave oscillator. The frequency of this type generator is given by
Where n represents the number of inverters and tp shows the propagation delay per gate.