Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 45

1

H
:


, , ()

[ . .156, . 1773, 2004, . 798-850.]

...


...
...

...
,

.

P.F.Strawson
,
.
. Putnam
1. :
E
.



. ,
,
o ,

2
.

,

1.
,
,
,
,

2, . , ,
, , .
, (Russell) (Moore),
(James) (Dewey)
(Peirce),
,
, ,
3.

, ,

. (Michael
Friedman), Parting of the Ways, Carnap, Cassirer and Heidegger, Open Court, ,
2000. ,
,
, , . Simon Critchley, Continental Philosophy, A Very
Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, , 2001, . 17-31.
, .
, .
2
,
(Brentano)
(Frege). ichael Dummett, Ursprnge der analytischen Philosophie, Suhrkamp,
, 1988. ,
,
.
3
,

, ,
.

3
, a priori
. ,

,
-
-
.

,
,
17704.
,

,
,
.
,
,
.

(Strawson), (Putnam),

(Lear)

(McDowell).
,

. , ,

, ,
,
.

4


, (Frege) (Quine), . Robert Hanna,
Kant and the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy, Clarendon Press, , 2001.

4
.

,
. ,

. ,

.

,
a priori ,
,
.


a priori
,
5.

.
, ,
,
,

,
, a priori . (12/25)
-.. ,
...(1) [
,
- . , E , , 1977-1978
., 1999.]

5
6,
,

.

,
,
, ,
a priori ,

.

.

2. :
;

.


6


, a priori
, ,
.
,
. a priori
, , .
,

,
... ( , VI)

6
50, ,
, ,
, (Ryle)
(Austin)7.
,
Individuals [A ] 1959,
,
, ,
.

K,

,
, .

X ,

, 8.

,
.
:
9
,


. ,



7


, , ..,
( ), , : O
, . , , , 2003, . 9-39. , ,
, .
8
. Individuals, ssay in Descriptive Metaphysics, Methuen, , 1959, . 9-11. Y
, (),
, , K. (.), ,
A, 1980, . 485-577.
9
identification reidentification
. . .. . 528-29.

7
10.
,
, (
).

Kant , he Bounds
of Sense, [ ] 1966,
11.

Individuals, .

,
, ,
, a priori ,
,

.

, ,

a priori
() 12.
, 13,
,

, , ,
14. ,
10

B. , ..
The Bounds of Sense, Methuen, , 1966.
12
Individuals,
. B. ryan
Magee, Conversation with Peter Strawson, Bryan Magee, Modern British Philosophy, Secker and
Warburg, , 1971, . 115-130, 122.
13

, Are There A Priori Concepts? 1939 (Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society),
J.L. Austin, Philosophical Papers, 3 ., xford University Press, ,
1979, . 32-54, 34.

,
.
14
Individuals, .. 40.
.
11

8


,
.

, he Bounds of Sense


: A


,

15,
16.
,

Individuals:
...

. ..
o (self-reflexive)



- .
,

, ..

..., ...

17. ,
,
15

The Bounds of Sense, .., . 15 44 .


Magee, .., . 123
17
The Bounds of Sense, .., . 271-2.
16

9

.

.

, . :

. 18.
The Bounds of Sense,

.

a priori
.


,


.


, ,
.

O,

1968,
,

,
.

19.
18

, . 273.
Stroud, ,

19

10
,


. ,
,


20. ,

modus ponens



:
(1)
(2) ,
,
(3)

. . arry Stroud, Transcendental Arguments, he


Journal of Philosophy . 65, 1968, . 241-256, 245-246,
Stroud, Understanding Human Knowledge, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, 9-25. .
, The Goal of Transcendental Arguments, he Synthetic A
Priori in Strawsons Kantianism Understanding Human Knowledge, . 203-223 224-245.
20
, ,

, ,
,
sub specie aeternitatis ( ). ,
.. ,
, .
,
. (VII)

11
, (1) , ,
(2) , ,
:
(2) ( ) ,
,
(2) ( ) ,
:
(3)

( ) 21.

status
(2), (2) (3)
,

, ,
(
). ,
(1)
- -
(2)
(3),
,
.
, 1985,
,
. ,
, ,

21


Mo , A.W. Moore Conative Transcendental
Arguments, Robert Stern (.) Transcendental Arguments, Problems and
Prospects, Oxford University Press, , 2000, . 271-292, 271.

..

12
, 22.



, ,
.
,
23.

,
,


(idle)24.
,
, .
,

22

. P.F. Strawson, Scepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties, Methuen, , 1985 [


Woodbridge 1983 - . . , ..]
,

.

. . . P.F. Strawson,
Scruton and Wright on Anti-Realism etc. , Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, . 77, 1976, . 1521. Crispin Wright, Strawson on Anti-Realism, Synthese, . 40, 1979,
. 283-299.
,
,
.
(. , , )

-,
,
. . Michael Dummett, Realism, , ruth and Other
Enigmas, Duckworth, , 1978, . 145-165.
23


, ,

. ,
,
, , . . Stern, (.)
Transcendental Arguments, Problems and Prospects, .. , The Goal of
Transcendental Arguments, he Synthetic A Priori in Strawsons Kantianism, .. Barry
Stroud, The Quest for Reality, Subjectivism and the Metaphysics of Colour, Oxford University Press,
, 2000.
24
. , .. . 82-85.

13
, .

25.
, ,
, ,
,
.


, ,
The Bounds of Sense,
,
,
,
.


. ,
'
26.


.
- 27
,


. ,

25

. , .. Analysis and Metaphysics, n Introduction to Philosophy


[ , ] Oxford University Press, , 1992.
26
B. , .., .. , ..,
Analysis and Metaphysics, ..
27
-, . Marcel Niquet, Tranzendentale
Argumente: Kant, Strawson und die Aporetik der Detranszendentalisierung, Suhrkamp,
2000.

14

28.

;


, , ,
;
;

,
29,
,

. ,
-,
,
,
, , , .

28

B. Entity and Identity [


], Oxford University Press, O, 1997, . 232-243. Analysis and Metaphysics,
.., . 56-7, 123-4. . , .J. Glock (ed.) Strawson and Kant, Oxford University
Press, O, 2003.


- . P. F. Strawson, Kants New Foundations of
Metaphysics, Entity and Identity, .., . 232-243, 232 ( D.Henrich, R.- P.
Horstman (.), etaphysik nach Kant, Klett- Gotta, , 1987).
29
. homas Nagel, , . . , , , 2000, .
16: .
.
... ,
, ,
,
... .

. (. , . 21).
, ,
,
,

. . Strawson, ants New Foundation of Metaphysics, .., . 233.

15
.



.
3.


30



31.
.
,
,
,
, . ,
-

(Skolem-Lwenheim)

,
. , - -,

,

.

30

. Hilary Putnam, athematics, Matter and Method, Philosophical Papers, .1, 2 . Cambridge
University Press, , 1979 (1975), .vii, ind, Language and Reality, Philosophical Papers,
.2, Cambridge University Press, , 1975, . vii-xi .
31
. . Saul Kripke, Naming and
Necessity, Harvard University Press, , ., 1980.

16

.

.

, ,
.

K,

,
.

Kant, -
-,

.

John Locke 1976,


1990 (Conant) Realism with a
Human Face [ ]32. H
Reason Truth and History [ ,
] 1981,
Realism and Reason [ ] 1983
Paul Carus, The Many Faces of Realism [ ],
198733.
,

.

.
- ,
32

, Hilary Putnam, eaning and the Moral Sciences [ ], Routledge and


Kegan Paul, , 1978, John Locke, Realism with a Human
Face, Harvard University Press, , ., 1990.
33
ilary Putnam, Reason, Truth and History, Cambridge University Press, , 1981, Realism
and Reason, Philosophical Papers, . 3, Cambridge University Press, , 1983, he Many
Faces of Realism, Open Court, , , 1987 [ , .
., . , , , 1998].

17
(from a Gods eye point of view),

(sub specie aeternitatis) - , ,


,

, .

,
.

, ,
,

() ' 34.


,
.

, -
-
.
,
, ,

-
.

,

, - '
. , ,
, ,
34

Reason, Truth and History, .., . xi., , .., . 1. (


mind, ,
).

(absolute conception of reality), , .
ernard Williams, Descartes, The Project of Pure nquiry, Penguin, , , 1978,
.65-7 .

18
,
.
,
,
,

, .


,
.
, ,

.
.


.

-
,

,
,
.

, , , , -
-,
35, ,


.
,


-,
35

, , .

19
.

Reason, Truth and History,

, ,
. , ,
,
,
36.

, ,
,
, o ,
.


.

(Schulbegriff),
(Weltbegriff),
K 37.
, ,
.
o .

,
,

36

. Curtis Brown, Internal Realism: Transcendental Idealism?, Peter French,


Theodore Uehling, Howard Robinson (.), Realism and Antirealism, Midwest Studies in Philosophy
XII, University of Minnesota Press, , 1988, . 145-155.
37
,
,
, .
(conceptus cosmicus),
, , ,
.
(teleologia rationis
humanae) ,
(838/866 839/867).

20

.
,
,

,
(Quine) .
,

.

38.


,
(Derrida), (Foucault),
.
,

.

.

, , ,
. , ,
,
.
38

., , Why Reason Cant Be Naturalized Realism and Reason, .., . 229-247,


Representation and Reality, The MIT Press, , ., 1988.

21
- 39. K

,
, , 40.
, , ,
. ,
,

,
.

, ,
,
K- A (Apel) (Habermas),

, ,
.
,
, ,
41.
, ,
,
.


, o , -
, -

39

, .., . xxxvi.
- . . Hilary Putnam, The Collapse of
the Fact-Value Dichotomy, arvard University Press, , ,, 2002, thics Without Ontology,
arvard University Press, , ,, 2004.
40
, .., . xxxvii.
41
(Henrich).
, . 53-82, 67-69.

22
42.
,
,
,
. ,
, ,
,
.
,
,
,
, ,
, ,
.

, (interface)
,
.
,
,

,
,
.
, Sense
and Sensibilia43.

42

, ,
John Dewey, 1994, The
Journal of Philosophy Sense, Nonsense and the Senses, . 91, .445-517,
Words and Life,
Harvard University Press, , ., 1990. ,
, . ,
, .., . xv-xxxii, Claudine Tiercelin, Hilary Putnam,
lhritage pragmatiste, Presses Universitaires de France, , 2002.
43

. J.L.Austin, Sense and Sensibilia, Oxford University Press, , 1962

23
,
,

. , ,

(second naivet),

, - .

-
, ,
,
.

. O ,

. O 44, o
,

,
. ,
,

.


o Reason, Truth and History,
,
.


. ,
44

. .3.

24
;

,

, ;
,
.
4.





. ,
,

,
45.

:
.


, , ,
.

, ,

' 46.
45


, ., , , P.M.S.
Hacker, Insight and Illusion, Clarendon Press, , 1972, Leslie Stevenson, The Metaphysics of
Experience, Clarendon Press, , 1982, Stylianos Virvidakis, Transcendental Arguments,
Transcendental Idealism and Scepticism ( ), Princeton University,
1984 .
46
, ,
' .... ,
, : ,
(
) ,

25
,
. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus


. ,
( ) ,

.
Tractatus ,
,
. , , ,
, - -,
, , ,
, .
,
, ,

.
. , a priori
.

,
,

, ,
, ,
, , .
, ,

, - L.Wittgenstein,
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, . . , . 7-8, - 1971, .
183-4. . 6.44 7, . 270-271.

26

, (bersicht)
47. ' ,

- .

.
. ,

,
, . ,

, ,
48.

,

49.

,
,
, -,

.
,
,
47

. L. Wittgenstein, , . . , , ,
1977, 90: ... ,
..
48
. Leslie Stevenson, Wittgensteins Transcendental Deduction and Kants Private Language Argument, Kant-Studien, . 73, 1982, . 321-337, Virvidakis, Transcendental Arguments, Transcendental Idealism and Scepticism, .. B. (5)
,
49

, . , O
", , ,
, A, 1988, . 122-136.

27
,
. ,
, ,
-
, .
,
,
, , 50,


. ,
,
, ,
, .

,
.

,
, ,
.

, ,
. ,
, , , ,
- , -,
, ,
, ,

-
50

28

, 51.

,
52. ,
,

.

,
a priori

, ,
. ,
(Williams) ,
53.
51

, .
Gerold Prauss, Erscheinung bei Kant, Walter De Gruyter, , 1971, ant und das Problem der
Dinge an Sich, Bouvier, , 1974 enry Allison, Kants Transcendental Idealism, An
Interpretation and Defense, 2 ., ale University Press, , 2004.
, ,
. ., , ,
,
, (236/295 260/315).
,
.
52
Strawson
.
,
,
. B. P.F. Strawson, Sensibility and Understanding, and the Doctrine of
Synthesis: Comments on Henrich and Guyer, Eckart Frster, (.), Kants Transcendental
Deductions, Stanford University Press, 1989, , 69-77, 73.
53
H . B. Jonathan Lear, Leaving
the World Alone, he Journal of Philosophy . 79, 1982, . 382-403 [A
. X., , . 16/2, 1998, . 201-227] The
Disappearing We, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, . . 58, 1984, . 219-258 [
, . . , . 13/1, 1994], Transcendental
Anthropology, Philip Pettit, John McDowell, (.), Subject, Thought and Context, Clarendon
Press, , 1986, . 267-298. Jonathan Lear,
Open Minded, Harvard University Press, , ., 1998, . 247-300.
, . Bernard Williams, Wittgenstein and Idealism, Geoffrey Vesey
(), Understanding Wittgenstein, Macmillan, , 1976,
, oral Luck, Cambridge University Press, K, 1981, .144-163. .
Virvidakis, ranscendental Arguments, Transcendental Idelalism and Scepticism, .. .152-257
Wittgenstein and the Development of Transcendental Philosophy, R. Haller & J. Brandl (.),
Wittgenstein; Towards a Re-Evaluation, Proceedings of the 14th Wittgenstein-Symposium: Centenary
Celebration, 13th to 20th August 1989, Hlder-Pichler-Tempsky Verlag, K ,
1990, . 144-146.

29
,
,


.

. , ,
a priori,

, ,
. , ,
, ,
,

,
,
, 54.

status ,
;
, ,
,
;
, ,
,
55.

,
54

L. Wittgenstein, On Certainty / Uber Gewissheit, . G.E.M. Anscombe, G.H. von Wright, .


Denis Paul, G.E.M. Anscombe, Blackwell, , 1974. , status
, .. , ,
, a priori,

. (. 111, 211,
234, 97-98). , , a
priori.
, . . Strawson, ants New
Foundation of Metaphysics, .., . 234-235.
55
Lear, , .., .225.

30
56,
, ,


, , ,
57:

,
.
,
.
, '
,
. ,

, '
.
58.
, :

, ,
, 59. Tractatus,
,
,
. ,

,

, , ,
60, ,

56


our mindedness, being minded as we are,
.
57
Lear, ranscendental Anthropology, .., .298.
58
Lear, , .., . 206-207.
59
Lear, , .. 71-73.
60
Wittgenstein, , .. ( ), 241.

31
61.
,
.
:
, 62.
,
, ( ),
,

..
H

.

, , ,
,
,
,
63. ,
,
,
64.
,
61

. Williams, Wittgenstein and Idealism, .. . 146-147.


Lear, , .., . 207
63
Lear, , .., . 214. Donald Davidson, Proceedings and
Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, . 67, 1973/4, . 5-20,
Donald Davidson, Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation, Clarendon Press, , 1984, . 183-198
[ , .. ., , . 11/1,
O 1992, .13-29].
,
,
,
. . Strawson, ants New Foundation of Metaphysics, .., . 233-234,
Stelios Virvidakis, The Transcendental Strategy Against Scepticism and Relativism, Skepsis 3 (1992):
33-45.
64
Lear, , .. . 52:
.
62

32
,
,
65.
status
,
,
,

,
.

, (resolute), e
Tractatus66, , , (Diamond)
,
.

, ,
. ,
,

67.
65

,
,
, . A.W.Moore, Points of View, Clarendon Press, 1996, Michael Forster,
Wittgenstein on the Arbitrariness of Grammar, Princeton University Press, , 2004. .
Strawson, Kants New Foundation of Metaphysics, .., 234-35.
Graham Bird, Beyond the Limits of Thought,
Cambridge University Press, , 1995, Mark Sacks, The World We Found, The Limits of
Ontological Talk, Duckworth, , 1989. . ,
, Barry Stroud, The Allure of Idealism, Proceedings of the
Aristotelian Society, . . 58, 1984, [ , . .
, . 13/1, 1994, . 61-77].
66
. lice Crary, Rupert Reed (.), he New Wittgenstein, Routledge,
, 2000.
, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Cogito, . 1, 2004, .116-117.
,
, , Tractatus
.
, ,
Tractatus,
, . , ,
E , , 1995. .
.
67
. Stroud, , ...

33
, ,
,
, .
,
.
5.

.

,
68.

. ,
.

.
80, M,

,
. ,
,
,
,
69.
68

, , . , (quietism)
,
,
. ,
. Joachim Schulte, Wittgensteins Quietism, Uwe Meixner (.), Metaphysik in
postmetapysischen Zeitalter, bv&htp, , 2001, . 37-50.
69
, . Lewis White Beck, Kants Strategy,
, Essays on Kant and Hume, Yale University Press, ,

34
M ,
, ,
.
, (Wright)
,

.

,
:
, .

,

. ,
,

70.
,
, ,
,
[- ].
, , :

.
.
1978, . 3-19.
70
B. J.McDowell, Anti-Realism and the Epistemology of Understanding, erman Parret, Jacques
Bouveresse (.), Meaning and Understanding, Walter de Gruyter, , 1981, .225-248,
, Meaning, Knowledge and Reality, Harvard University Press,
K, ., 1998, .314-343, 342. Wittgenstein on Following a Rule, Synthese, .58, 1984,
. 325-363, , Mind, Value and Reality, Harvard University
Press, K, ., 1998, .221-262,
, , [
Wittgenstein , .. ., , .13/2-3,
- 1995, . 175-214.]

35


71.

,
(Kripke)

72.
,

,

,
.

,


73.

, ind and World [
] 199474.


.
71

, . 342-343.
Wittgenstein on Following a Rule, Synthese, .58, 1984, . 325-363,
, Mind, Value and Reality, Harvard University Press, K, ., 1998,
.221-262,
[ Wittgenstein ,
.. ., , .13/2-3, - 1995, . 175-214.], .
, Wittgenstein , , .
13/2-3, . 137-173.
73
McDowell, Wittgenstein on Following a Rule, .., 201.
74
John McDowell, Mind and World, Harvard University Press, , . 1994.
72

36

, ,
(space of reasons) ,
,
.
, ,

,

.
- (Sellars)75.

,
,

.
,
,


. ,


. , ,
.

, ,
,
. ,
,
75

. Wilfrid Sellars, Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind,


(yth of the Given). Herbert Feigl &
Michael Scriven (.) Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, .1,: University of Minnesota
Press, , 1956, Sellars, Science, Perception and
Reality, Routledge and Kegan Paul, , 1963 Ridgeview, , 1991.
,
, (Harvard University Press, , ., 1997).
O .

37
, ,
,
.

76.


.
.

,
.

,
,
,



77.
,
Mind and World,
,

, mpiricism and the


76

Mind and World, ., X ,


McDowell , . 19/1, 2001, . 87-106.
77
Mind and World, . ,
Pascal Engel, L'espace des raisons est-il sans limites?, ..pel, J.Barnes et al., Un sicle de
philosophie, Gallimard, , 2000, . 231-176, Richard Bernstein, McDowells Domesticated
Hegelianism, Michael Friedman, Exorcizing the Philosophical Tradition, icholas Smith (.)
Reading McDowell, .., 9-24, 25- 57 Sally Sedgwick, cDowell's Hegelianism, European
Journal of Philosophy, . 5:1, 1997, . 21-38, Andrew Bowie, John McDowell's Mind and World
and Early Romantic Epistemology, Revue Internationale de Philosophie, . 3, 1996, . 515-554.
, . , .. . ,
, , , (. ).

38
Philosophy of Mind78.
(Brandom)
, , 79.


.
.
, , .
, ,
, , ,
, ,
Science and
Metaphysics80. , ,
, ,
,
.
, , o

, ,
, .
( ) :

(, ,
),
78

. John McDowell, , Having the World in View: Sellars, Kant and Intentionality, The Journal of
Philosophy, . 95, 1998, . 431-491.
79
, , .
John
McDowell, , . ., , . 21/1, . 65-90,
Robert Brandom, K : E,
, . . , , . 21/1, .91-112, ,
Sellars, , . 21/1, 45-64.
.
80
. W. Sellars, Science and Metaphysics, Variations on Kantian Themes, Routledge and Kegan Paul,
, 1967.

39

,
.
,
.

,
.

,
,
.
. ,

,
.
,
.
. 81
,


. ,
81

McDowell, , .., . 85-86. ,



, (. .23) - Empiricism and the Philosophy
of Mind,

. Twentieth Century Transcendental Arguments: A
Neglected Option? ( A-
2003).

, . Stelios Virvidakis, n McDowells Conception of the Transcendental,
Teorema.

40

,
82. B,
M, ,
,
, '

.

.

, "
",


: " "83.

, M

, Mind and
World, - ,
.

, ,
.

, , "

"

,

.

, .

82

. random, K , .., , , R.Brandom,


Articulating Reasons: An Introduction to Inferentialism, Harvard University Press, , .,
2000.
83
, K , E ,
(51 /75).

41
,
,
. ,
a priori
,
a priori .
,

,
,
. 84. ,
, (reminders) , , , ,

. , , ,

,

85.
,
,
86.
, ,
,
( Mind and World) ,
,
84

. John McDowell, Replies


to Commentators (Brandom, Collins, Peacocke, Rorty, Wright), Philosophy and Phenomenological
Research . 57, 1997, . 403-431.
85
. Wittgenstein, , .., 309. Mind and World,
Jonathan Weinberg, "John McDowell, Mind and World," Nous, . 32:2, 1998, . 247-264,
,, aximilian de Gaynesford, John McDowell, Polity Press,
, 2004.
86
cDowell, ind and World, .. . 158-159.

42
87,
.

.

, ,
(from sideways on),
, 88.

,
.
6. -

,

:
)
,

,
50.
)
. ,

.
)
,
87

cDowell, Having the World in View: Sellars, Kant and Intentionality, .446, 469.
Tractatus. (.
, . 66).
88

43
,

- .

-
.
) ,
, ,
,
,
, , ,
,
.
)
, ,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,

.
, ,

.

44

89.


,
.

.
,
,
.


. ,
, ,

.


, . ,

,

.

.
,
K ,

, ,
89

.
, ..
., ., et.al., , , 2001, antian Constructivism in
Moral Theory in J.Rawls, Collected Papers, (. Samuel Freeman), Harvard University Press,
, ., 1999, .303 358

-.

45
.

,
,
,
,
90.

90

, , Onora
ONeill, Vindicating Reason, Paul Guyer (.), The Cambridge Companion to Kant, Cambridge
University Press, , 1992, . 280-308.

You might also like