Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 10 Transport: Pertahanan Badan. (4 Marks)
Chapter 10 Transport: Pertahanan Badan. (4 Marks)
1. (a)
Immunity level
1st vaccination
2nd vaccination
Time (weeks)
Blood capillary
Kapilari darah
Fluid R
Bendalir R
Based on Diagram 10.2, describe how fluid S is formed from blood plasma
until it is brought back into the blood circulatory system.
Berdasarkan Rajah10.2, bincangkan bagaimana bendalir S terbentuk dari plasma
darah sehingga ia dikembalikan semula ke sistem peredaran darah.
[7marks]
3.
A blood test shows that a mans erythrocytes count is below normal. Explain the
possible consequences of this condition on his health.
Satu ujian darah manusia menunjukkan bilangan eritrositnya rendah daripada normal.
Terangkan kesan keadaan ini ke atas kesihatannya.
[ 5 marks]
4.
(a) Diagram 10.4.1 shows the part of a stem of a tree where the ring of bark has been
removed. The tree is watered everyday.
Rajah 10.4.1 menunjukkan bahagian batang satu pokok dimana kulit yang digelang
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Organism A
Organism B
the blood
[6 marks]
5.
Location of
Pacemaker
Lokasi perentak
Left atrium
Atrium kiri
(i)
Explain the effect of taking excess fatty food in the long term to our blood
circulatory system / human healthy life.
Terangkan kesan pengambilan makanan berlemak secara berlebihan dalam
jangka masa yang lama kepada sistem peredarah darah manusia dan kesihatan
manusia.
[ 5 marks ]
6.
Diagram 10.6 shows the structure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The virus
causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) that infects the human immune
system.
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Rajah 10.6 menunjukkan struktur Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Virus ini
menyebabkan Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) yang menyerang
sistem keimunan manusia.
(b)
Explain how first line defence can prevent the entry pathogens into the body.
Terangkan bagaimana barisan pertahanan pertama boleh mencegah kemasukan
pathogen ke dalam badan.
[ 6 marks ]
s
Diagram 11.1.2 / Rajah 11.1.2
Explain how locomotion in earthworm occurs.
Terangkan bagaimana pergerakan cacing tanah berlaku.
[6 marks]
(c) Diagram 11.1.3 shows the movement of a human forearm.
Rajah 11.1.3 menunjukkan pergerakan lengan manusia.
Based on Diagram 11.1.3(i) and Diagram 11.1.3(ii), explain the roles of the muscle,
tendons, bones and ligaments in the movement of the forearm.
Berdasarkan Rajah 11.1.3(i) dan Rajah 11.1.3(ii), terangkan peranan otot, tendon dan
tulang dalam pergerakan lengan.
[10 marks]
(a)
A bird can fly with its wings.
Burung boleh terbang dengan sayapnya.
Describe the mechanism of locomotion of a bird flying in the air.
Huraikan mekanisme pergerakan seekor burung yang terbang di udara.
[10 marks]
(b) Impaired musculoskeletal system could cause diseases such as osteoporosis, muscular
dystrophy and arthritis.
Sistem rangka otot yang tidak sempurna boleh menyebabkan penyakit-penyakit seperti
osteoporosis, distrofi otot dan artritis.
Discuss how someone could have a healthy musculoskeletal system.
Bincangkan bagaimana seseorang itu boleh mendapatkan kesihatan sistem rangka otot
yang sihat.
[ 10 marks ]
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Justify the above statement and explain how such diseases can be avoided.
Justifikasikan kenyataan di atas dan terangkan bagaimana penyakit-penyakit tersebut
boleh dielakkan.
[10 marks]
CHAPTER 12 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
1. Diagram 12.1 shows the nerve transmission from neurone P to neurone R.
Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan pemindahan impuls dari neuron P ke neuron R.
Nerve impulse
Impulse saraf
Axon of neurone P
Akson neuron P
Synaptic knob
Bonggol sinaps
Dendrite of neurone R
Dendrit neuron R
(a) Explain the transmission of a nerve impulse from neurone P to neurone R across Q.
Terangkan pemindahan impuls dari neuron P ke neuron R merentasi Q.
[8 marks]
(b)
Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases are related to nervous system. Explain the
causes and the effects of the diseases on victims.
Alzheimer dan Parkinson adalah penyakit-penyakit berkait saraf.Terangkan penyebab
dan kesan penyakit ini ke atas pengidap.
[4 marks]
(c) In an accident, a motorist was seriously injured and was sent to a nearby hospital. A
doctor is going to do a knee jerk test to examine the patients nerve system.
Draw the reflect arch and describe the pathway involved in the transmission of nerve
impulses which result in the reflect action.
Dalam satu kemalangan, seorang penunggang motosikal mengalami kecederaan
serius. Doktor menjalankan ujian sentakan lutut untuk menguji sistem saraf ke atas
mangsa tersebut.
Lukis arka refleks dan huraikan laluan pemindahan impulse yang terlibat bagi
menghasilkan tindakan refleks.
[8 marks]
2.
(a)
The pituitary gland is regarded as the master endocrine gland.
Kelenjar pituitary dikenali sebagai kelenjar induk.
Explain the involvement of both the nervous system and the endocrine system in
that critical situation.
Terangkan penglibatan sistem saraf dan system endokrin dalam situasi tersebut.
[8 marks]
3.
(a)
Explain how the body of a healthy person restores the blood sugar level to
normal if the level drops too low.
Terangkan bagaimana seseorang yang sihat tubuh badannya mengekalkan aras
gula dalam darahnya apabila aras gula menjadi rendah .
[6 marks]
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Label and complete Diagram 12.3 above. State the role of a nephron.
Label dan lengkapkan Rajah 12.3 di atas. Nyatakan fungsi nefron.
[4 marks]
(ii)
4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
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Diagram 13.1 /
Q
(a)
Rajah 13.1
marks]
Mrs. Lee is a married woman, she faces problem to get pregnant.
Diagram 13.2 shows two laboratory methods which may help Mr. Lee and Mrs. Lee
to have their own child.
Pn. Lee telah lama berkahwin, beliau menghadapi masalah untuk hamil.
Rajah 13.2 menunjukkan dua kaedah makmal yang mungkin boleh membantu En.
Lee dan Pn. Lee untuk mendapatkan anak sendiri.
M rLee
. A li
Mr.
Mrs.
M r Lee
s . A li
M adam X
Im p la n ta tio n
Im p la n ta tio n
M e th o d
A
M e th o d
B
Z y g o te
Explain under what type of condition Method A can be used to help Mr. and
Mrs. Lee.
Terangkan dalam keadaan yang bagaimanakah Kaedah A dapat membantu
En. Lee dan isterinya.
[5 marks]
(b) Discuss the role of Madam X in Method B and the issue may arise.
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Bincangkan peranan Puan X dalam Kaedah B dan isu yang mungkin timbul.
[5 marks]
Diagram 13.3(a) shows the formation of the embryo sac in the ovule, while Diagram
13.3(b) shows the formation of pollen grain in the anther in a flowering plant
(angiosperm)
Rajah 13.3(a) menunjukkan pembentukan pundi embrio di ovul, manakala Rajah 13.3(b)
menunjukkan proses pembentukan butir debunga di anter pada tumbuhan
berbunga (angiosperma).
Anther/ant
er
Embryo sac/ Pundi
embrio
Mitosis
Pollen grain/
Butir
debunga
Based on the above diagrams, explain how the formation of the embryo sac and pollen
grain process occurs.
Berdasarkan rajah di atas, jelaskan bagaimana proses pembentukan pundi embrio
dan butir debunga berlaku.
[10 marks]
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Ovule/Ovul
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CHAPTER 14 INHERITANCE
1. The variation of ABO blood group determined by three different alleles, but an individual can
carry only two of the three alleles.
Variasi dalam kumpulan darah ABO ditentukan oleh tiga alel yang berbeza, tetapi setiap
individu hanya membawa dua daripada tiga alel tersebut.
With schematic diagram, explain the possibilities of the blood group and the genotypes of
the offspring if the fathers blood group is A and the mothers blood group is B.
Dengan gambarajah skema, terangkan kebarangkalian kumpulan darah dan genotip pada
anak jika ayahnya mempunyai kumpulan darah A dan ibunya kumpulan darah B.
[10 marks]
2.
Colour blindness is a genetic disease that could be inherited and occurs within a
specific gender. Inheritance of colour blindness can be prevented in a family.
Buta warna adalah penyakit genetik yang boleh diwarisi dan barlaku dikalangan jantina
tertentu. Pewarisan buta warna dapat dicegah daripada berlaku dalam sesebuah keluarga.
Schematic Diagram 14.2 shows a genetic pedigree of colour blindness in three generations
of a family.
Rajah skema 14.2 berikut menunjukkan salasilah buta warna bagi tiga generasi dalam
sesebuah keluarga.
b represents allele for colour blindness and ,
B represents allele for normal vision.
b mewakili alel untuk buta warna dan,
B mewakili alel untuk penglihatan yang normal.
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XBY
XBXb
Generation l
Generation lI
Generation lII
Normal male
Normal female
Carrierl female
Colour blind female
keys:
Based on Diagram 14.2, give your opinion about the above statements.
Carrier female
3.
The Law of Independent Assortment states that two or more pairs of alleles segregate
independently of one another during the formation of gametes.
a.
Hukum Segregasi menyatakan bahawa dua atau lebih pasangan alel terpisah secara
bebas antara satau sama lain semasa pembentukan gamet.
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Illustrate the above statements by using the following cross between a pure bred
watermelon with green and short fruit with a pure bred watermelon with striped and long
fruit. Show the second filial (F2) generation phenotype and its ratio.
Gambarkisahkan pernyataan di atas dengan menggunakan kacukan diantara tembikai
baka tulen untuk warna hijau dan buah yang bulat dengan tembikai baka tulen untuk
warna berjalur dan buah yang bujur.Tunjukkan fenotip dan nisbah fenotip bagi generasi
kedua.
[10
marks]
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CHAPTER 15 VARIATION
1.
Diagram 15.1(a) and Diagram 15.1(b) shows the histogram about distribution of genetic
variation in human.
Rajah 15.1(a) dan Rajah 15.1(b) menunjukkan histogram mengenai taburan variasi
genetik dalam manusia.
[6 marks]
3.
An ex-champion runner in 800m has two sons. The first son has a well
developed body muscles very much like his father. He is also a good athlete,
who practices every day. The second son is small in build, choosy in his diet,
reluctant to exercise and prefers to spend his time indoors sleeping and
reading.
Seorang bekas juara pelari 800m mempunyai dua orang anak lelaki. Anak
yang pertama mempunyai otot badan yang berkembang baik seperti
ayahnya. Dia juga seorang atlit yang baik yang berlatih setiap hari. Anak
yang kedua pula berbadan kecil, amat memilih dalam pemakanan, tidak
suka bersenam serta lebih suka mengisi masanya di dalam rumah tidur dan
membaca.
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