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Alkanes Ive found, only chemically react

With the halogens and then only under UV,


The first step involves homolytic fission to
Make two radicals to start the substitution

We never substitute with alkenes though


And thats because they undergo
Addition reactions alone
Add things to the double bond

Add water, get an alcohol


Heat the water up, so it turns to steam
The catalyst, sulfuric acid
Lowers energy of activation

When you react, an alkene with some bromine


Get a dibromoalkane at room temperature
For hydrogen, an alkane is the product
It needs hundreds of degrees and nickel catalyst

We havent mentioned the reaction of


Alkenes with hydrogen halides

It happens at room temperature


Makes a halogenoalkane

Ethanol, primary alcohol,


We will oxidise with dichromate ion
Needs some heat, acid catalyst
How much heat dictates what product you make

Make aldehydes, you must distill


The aldehydes dipole-dipole
Forces make them more volatile
You must reflux to make carboxylic acids

If its not primary alcohol


Might not oxidise, or might make ketone
Tertiary wont react at all
Colour will not change from orange to green

With lone pairs, the hydroxide ion


Is a nucleophile and can substitute
On carbon, cause its positive
Makes haloalkanes into alcohols

With curly arrows, the electrons I will show


Moving from where they are now
To where they want to be

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