Water Treatment Control Philosophy

.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
FENNAGH WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY
Co
ns
en
TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH P+ID PLAN (Rev. 02)
CARLOW COUNTY COUNCIL
Prepared by: Declan Mc Carthy

Checked by: George Henchion
Approved by: George Henchion
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:12
Control Philosophy
1/28
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
PRELIMINARY
I.
Over view....................................................................................................................... 3
II.
Abbreviations List........................................................................................................... 5
III.
Tags and codes in P+ID plans ....................................................................................... 6
IV. Alarms............................................................................................................................ 7
se
Treatment Plant
Inlet Works ..................................................................................................................... 8
2.
Forward Feed Pumping Station.................................................................................... 11
3.
Storm Tank .................................................................................................................. 13
4.
Aeration Tank............................................................................................................... 15
5.
Clarifier and RAS/ WAS Pumps ................................................................................... 17
6.
Sludge Holding Tanks (SHT)........................................................................................ 20
7.
Tertiary Filter Feed Sump............................................................................................. 21
8.
Tertiary Treatment Filter............................................................................................... 23
9.
Final Effluent P.S ......................................................................................................... 26
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
1.
10. Ferric Dosing................................................................................................................ 28
Fennagh WWTP Ref No. 1728
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:12
Control Philosophy
2/28
REVISION TABLE
Index
Date
Modification
Written
Draft
07 /2007
First Issue
D.C
Rev. 1
05/ 2008
Tertiary Filter
D.M.C
Design
Contract
Client
App.
Eng. App.
App.
The process control description is based on the following P+ID drawing:

Title / description
107417-501
P&ID Fennagh Waste Water Treatment Plant
Revision
2
Date
06/ 2008
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Drawing No.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:12
Control Philosophy
I.
3/28
OVER VIEW
The existing waste water treatment plant at Fennagh Co. Carlow is being upgrade to treat
waste water from a population equivalent of 1500. The treated waste water will be pumped to
the River burren some 1600m away.
a.
Waste Water Treatment Plant
Waste water enters the treatment plant from the existing local sewer network. The incoming
waste water passes through a mechanical spiral screen where solid non-biodegradable
objects are removed from the incoming flow and transferred to a waste skip.
A sampler automatically collects samples of the incoming waste water for analysis.
ru
se
Following the spiral screen the flows gravitate to the grit trap where grit settles to the bottom
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
compacted prior to disposal into a skip.
ot
he
of the grit chamber. Periodically grit is removed to a classifier where it is dewatered and
The waste water gravitates to the forward feed pumping station from where it is pumped to
the aeration tank by 2 No. D/ S submersible centrifugal pumps.
During storm conditions, flows in excess 11.7 l/s (3 x DWF) overflow the pumping station to
the storm tank (Existing aeration tank). If the incoming flows exceed the capacity of the storm
tank the excess flows overflow to the nearby stream.
Co
ns
en
The contents of the storm tank are pumped back to the forward feed pumping station by 2
No. D/ S pumps at a rate of 5 l/s via a DN100 pipe when storm conditions recede.
Oxygen is introduced to the aeration tank by a fixed film aerator on a VSD drive. The drive is
controlled by a dissolved oxygen probe located in the tank. Ferric Sulphate is dosed into the
inlet pipe to the aeration tank to reduce Phosphorus levels. The effluent flows from the
aeration tank to the clarifier. A rotating half bridge cause the sludge to settle to the bottom of
the tank where it is pumped to the sludge holding tanks as WAS or returned as RAS to the
aeration tank. Clarified effluent overflows a weir in the clarifier and flows by gravity to the
tertiary filter feed pumping station. The clarified effluent is pumped to the tertiary filter for final
treatment and gravitates to the final effluent pumping station. The tertiary filter is periodically
back washed using treated effluent. The wash water is directed back to the forward feed
pumping station. A sampler automatically collects samples of the treated effluent for analysis.
The treated effluent is pumped to the Burren river at a rate of 13.75 l/s via a DN150 rising
main.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
b.
4/28
Waste Sludge
Scum from the clarifier and WAS is stored transferred to the sludge holding tanks.
Supernatant is automatically decanted off at a high level and flows to the forward feed
pumping station. Settled sludge is periodically removed from the tanks by a road tanker. A
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
flow meter on the bauer connection pipe monitors the sludge removed from the tanks.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
5/28
II. ABBREVIATIONS LIST
AB = Air Blower
B = Bin / Skip
BV = Butterfly Valve
CO = Compressor
D/S = Duty / Standby
DO = Dissolved Oxygen
DWF= Dry Weather Flow
FEPS = Final Effluent Pumping Station
FFPS = Forward Feed Pumping Station
ru
se
FM = Flow Meter
ot
he
GV = Gate Valve
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
LS = Limit Switch
M = Motor
P = Pump
P&ID = Process & Instrumentation Diagram

PLC = Programmable Logic Controller
PS = Position Switch
SA = Sampler
Co
ns
en
RAS = Return Activated Sludge

SC = Screen
SHT = Sludge Holding Tank
SV = Solenoid Valve
US = Ultrasonic Level Sensor
VSD = Variable Speed Drive
WAS = Waste Activated Sludge
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
6/28
III. TAGS AND CODES IN P+ID PLANS
Tags for equipment instruments are specified as follows:
01-
SV
05
Unit No. (e.g. inlet works,
Instrument / equipment
Instrument
pumping station)
(see note 1)
number.
equipment
Existing
Replaced
--
New
Letter codes for identification function of plant / equipment instruments as follows:

First letter
Succeeding letter(s)
--
Display of state (e.g. motor running)
--
Controlling
Flow
--
--
Time or time programme
Level
Moisture or humidity
--
Pressure (analysis, concentration, conductivity, etc.)
--
Quality
--
Speed
Indicating
On/Off
--
ns
en
Temperature
Co
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Letter
---Recording
Switching
Transmitting
-Emergency of safety acting
Additional specifications (used as first letter; OC = Open / Close
In case of 2 or more succeeding letters, they will be placed one after the other in the
sequence I-R-C-T-Q-S-Z-A-B.
Note 1:
For explanation of tags / symbols, please refer to Process and Instrumentation Diagram
Details plan.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
7/28
IV. ALARMS
Priority 1
Event
Locally displayed at control panel.
Priority 2
Attention (High level detected)
Caution
ot
he
ru
se
Alarm raised locally and at the county councils head office.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Priority 3
Urgent (Over flow, pump fail to start, etc)
Alarm raised locally and at the county councils head office.
ns
en
Where duty / standby pumps are installed. If the duty pump fails to start, the standby pump
Co
automatically becomes the duty pump. A priority 2 alarm is raised.

All electrical equipment and instruments are wired to the control panel (PL-01) located in the
control house.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
8/28
1. INLET WORKS
1.1.
Process Description
Inlet screening
Flow enters the inlet works in a gravity 225 sewer from the local area.
The spiral screen & compactor (01-SC01) is automatically controlled on a level-time basis.
Control process is detailed as follows:
A high level to be set during commissioning (500 mm variable) is detected by (01US01), located prior (01-SC01).
An enable signal is triggered from panel (PL-01) and (01-SC01) is activated.
Solid matter is removed by the conveyor spiral from the separation screen, which is
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
cleaned by a brush attached to the conveyor spiral. Screenings are compacted in the
compaction zone and binned into a wheelie bin. Drained liquid is diverted downstream
of (01-SC01).
(01-SV01) (Lower washing valve) starts with (01-SC01) and is controlled on a time
basis (2 seconds running / 5 seconds pause) while (01-SC01) is running.
(01-SV02) (compaction zone cleaning valve) starts with (01-SC01) as well, and it is
ns
en
Co
controlled on a time basis while (01-SC01) is running (5 seconds running after every
120 seconds running time of (01-SC01).
(01-SC01) and solenoid valves stop 0-5 minutes (to be set during commissioning) after
a low level is detected by (01-US01) (100mm variable), or on a time basis if (01SC01) is continuously running after a period based on screen manufacturers
recommendations.
Wash water for the screen will be supplied by 2 No D/ S wash water supply pumps (07-P03/
P04) located at the tertiary filter feed sump.. Y type strains 01-YS01/ YS02 will be installed
prior to the solenoid valves to prevent dirt particles that affect their functioning.
In the event of any kind of failure (power, mechanical, etc), the effluent overflows to the
bypass screen (01-SC02), and an overflow alarm is raised. Screening are manually raked
and removed by an operator.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
9/28
The sampling system (01-SA01) will have variable set point controls which will be calibrated
during commissioning. The system is equipped with time and flow proportional manual
overrides. The sampler is controlled from its local panel.
Screened effluent passes through a 225mm UPVC pipe to the grit trap.
Grit trap.
The grit trap is a vortex type. Grit settles to the bottom of the chamber and is lifted on an
intermittent basis by means of air flow from 01-AB01 to the bottom of the chamber via 2 No
air pipes.
The settle grit is removed in a two stage timed process. The wash and the lift sequence are
1.2.
Control Philosophy
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
described as follows (the following time periods may need to be adjusted on commissioning):
(Levels to be set during commissioning)
(01-AB01) and (01-SC04) are off and (01-3BV01) is in air position (i.e. external to the
Co
(Automatic Operation)
ns
en
1.2.1.
discharge pipe).
A 0-24 hour timer is used to initiate the process timer.
(01-AB01) and (01-SC04) starts running for 0-60 minutes.
When (01-AB01) is started, air is diverted to the bottom of the chamber where it
agitates the settled grit locally, causing it to be suspended in solution.
Grit is transferred to the grit classifier (01-SC04) and discharged into a bin after being
drained. Drained liquid is diverted to the grit trap inlet pipe.
(01-3BV01) into the discharge pipe creates an air lift pump as follows:
o
After 0-10 minutes, the 3-way valve changes to the air lift position.
After 0-10 minutes, the 3-way valve reverts to the air wash position.
After 0-10 minutes, the 3-way valve changes to the air lift position.
After 0-10 minutes, the 3-way valve changes to the air lift position. 01-AB01 stops.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
10/28
At the end 01-AB01 stops, 01-3BV01 set to air wash position, and (01-SC04) stops
5 minutes after (01-AB01).
The cycle frequency is variable and will be determined during commissioning and adjusted
as appropriate by operator.
Flow from the grit trap is directed to the forward feed pumping station.
DRIVES PLANT
Tag
Description
Control
Control parameter
Comment
Duty
Mechanical spiral
01-SC01
screen and
compactor
01-US01
Level
Timer
Time
Controls at PL-01
An ON signal controls
01-SC04
Grit classifier
01-SV01
Solenoid valve
01-SV02
Solenoid valve
Manual
he
Grit trap
ot
Manual screen
01-SC03
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
01-SC02
ru
se
wash water pumps (07-P03/
Air blower
01-3BV01
3-way actuated valve
Time
Timer
Time
Timer
Time
Timer
Time
Timer
Time
Description
Signal
Alarm
Ultrasonic level
Analogue
Bypass screen
Duty
Controls at PL-01
Lower washing valve
Compaction zone cleaning
valve
Duty
Controls at PL-01
Co
ns
en
01-AB01
Timer
P04)
Duty
Controls at PL-01
INSTRUMENTATION
Tag
01-US01
01-SA01
sensor
Sampler
Comment
LIC
High level
Controls 01-SC01
QIR
Controlled by local timer
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
11/28
2. FORWARD FEED PUMPING STATION

2.1.
Process Description
The pumping station receives flows from:

Inlet grit trap via a 225 pipe
Waste water from the control house via a 100 pipe
Supernatant return flows via a 150 pipe
Backwash flows from the tertiary filter via a 225 pipe
Return flows from the storm tank via a 100 pipe
The pumping station consists of 2 No. submersible centrifugal pumps (02-P01 & 02-P02)
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
located in the wet well.
(02-P01 & 02-P02) each have a capacity of 11.70 l/s and operate on a D/ S basis.
Automatic pump control is obtained by use of an ultrasonic level sensor in the wet well (02US01) which transmits a 4-20Ma signal to (PL-01).
ns
en
Pump controls allows for the automatic changeover of duty pumps on a time basis set out at
Co
24 hours initially. The forward flow rate to treatment is monitored and recorded by flow meter
(04-FM01), which transmits a 4-20 ma signal to (PL-01). The forward flow rate is restricted to
11.7 l/s.
In the event of the incoming flows exceeding the capacity of the forward feed pumps over an
extended period i.e. storm conditions, the excess flows overflow to the storm tank (existing
aeration tank).
2.2.
Control Philosophy
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
2.2.1.
12/28
Automatic Operation
Forward Feed Pumps (02-P01/ P02)

In the event of a high level as monitored by level sensor (02-US01), duty pump starts.
In the event of a low level as monitored by level sensor (02-US01), duty pump stops.
If the level in the pumping station increases as monitored by (02-US01) the duty pump
ramps up.
If the level in the pumping station decrease as monitored by (02-US01), duty pump ramps
down.
In the event of a high high level as monitored by (02-US01) an alarm is raised at the
local control panel and at the County Councils head office. Excess flows over flow to the
storm tank.
se
If the duty pump fails to start the standby pump becomes the duty pump. A priority 2 alarm
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
is raised.
DRIVES PLANT
Description
02-P01/ P02
Foul Pumps
Control
02-US01 /
04-FM01
Control parameter
Comment
Duty/ Standby VSD
Level / Flow
Controls at PL-01
Co
ns
en
Tag
INSTRUMENTATION
Tag
02-US01
Description
Signal
Ultrasonic level
Analogue
sensor
Alarm
Comment
Overflow level
May 2008
Controls 02-P01/ P02, 03P01/ P02
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
13/28
3. STORM TANK
3.1.
Process Description
The storm tank receives overflows from the forward feed pumping station during storm
conditions (incoming flows >11.70 l/s) via a 225 overflow pipe.
Once storm conditions have subsided the storm water is pumped back to the forward feed
pumping station by storm return pumps (03-P01 & 03-P02) at a rate of 5l/s. These pumps are
controlled by the level sensor (03-US01) located in the storm tank and level sensor (02US01) located in the forward feed pumping station and operate on a duty/ standby basis.
If the capacity of the storm tank is reached the incoming flows overflow a weir and discharge
ru
se
to the nearby stream.

outfall weir in the tank.
3.2.
Control Philosophy
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
The ultrasonic level sensor (03-US01) mounted in the tank records the flow rate over the
Automatic Operation
Co
3.2.1.
ns
en
In the event of a high level detected in the storm tank as monitored by level sensor (03US01) and a low level detected in the forward feed P.S as monitored by (02-US01) the
duty storm pump starts.
In the event of a high level detected in the forward feed P.S as monitored by (02-US01)
the duty storm pump stops.
In the event of a low level detected in the storm tank as monitored by level sensor (03US01) the duty storm pump stops.
If the duty storm pump fails to start the assist storm pump starts. A priority 2 alarm is
raised/
The duty pump is alternated after every cycle.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
14/28
DRIVES PLANT
Tag
Description
Control
03-P01/ P02
Storm Return Pumps
03-US01
02-US01
Control parameter
Comment
Duty/ Standby
Level / Flow
Controls at PL-01
INSTRUMENTATION
Tag
Signal
Ultrasonic level
Analogue
sensor
Alarm
Comment
LIRC (Overflow monitoring)
Overflow level
Controls 03-P01/ P02
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
03-US01
Description
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
15/28
4. AERATION TANK
4.1.
Process Description
The system consists of an aeration tank, aeration wheel and an aeration wheel drive motor
(04-M01).
The aeration tank receives incoming flows from the forward feed pumping station via a
DN100 pipe and RAS flows from the clarifier via a DN150 pipe.
The Aerator wheel is powered by a drive motor (04-M01) using a chain a sprocket
transmission. The drive motor is controlled by DO probe (04-DO01) located in the tank,
which is maintained within an operating band between 2 and 3 mg/l (levels to be adjusted
during commissioning). The drive motor ramps up/ down in relations to the DO level of the
ru
se
waste water. If (04-DO01) records either a high or low oxygen level, a priority 1 alarm will be
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
activated. Ferric sulphate is dosed in to the inlet pipe from the forward feed pumping station.
The ferric sulphate reduces the phosphorus level in the process by causing the phosphorus
to coagulate and settle as sludge in the clarifier.
Aerated liquid overflows a weir on the outlet side of the tank and gravitates to the clarifier
tank through a 250 mm pipe.
4.2.
Control Philosophy
Co
ns
en
4.2.1.
Automatic Operation
Aeration Wheel Drive Motor (04-M01)
In the event of low dissolved oxygen levels as monitored by (04-DO01), the motor ramps
up.
In the event of high dissolved oxygen levels as monitored by (04-DO01), the motor ramps
down.
At a high - high dissolved oxygen level the motor stops.
The drive motor is also started by the PLC timer if it has not operated with in a set time
(60 minutes). On start up the drive motor is configured to operate at full speed for 10
minutes.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13
Control Philosophy
16/28
DRIVES PLANT
Tag
04-M01
Description
Control
Control parameter
Aeration wheel drive
04-DO01
Dissolved oxygen
motor
Timer
Timer
Comment
Duty
VSD
Controls at PL-01
INSTRUMENTATION
Tag
Description
Signal
Alarm
Comment
04-DO01
Dissolved oxygen
Analogue
High / Low
Controls 04-M01
FIRC
04-FM01
Flow meter
Analogue
Controls 05-P02/ P03,
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
10-P01/ P02, 02-P01/ P02
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
17/28
5. CLARIFIER AND RAS/ WAS PUMPS

5.1.
Process Description
The system consists of a clarifier tank, 2 No. Sludge pumps mounted on a RC plinth (05-P02
& 03), a scum pump (05-P01).
Flow from the aeration tank enters the clarifier and is directed to the central diffusion drum,
which is designed such that flows will discharge radially at the bottom. As settlement occurs
the clarified effluent rises and overflows the peripheral weir. The heavier activated sludge
settles to the floor of the tank.
The rotating half bridge is supported on a steel tripod and at the perimeter. The drive unit
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
(05-M01) is fitted to the wheel at the perimeter of the bridge and is constantly rotating.
The rotating bridge is fitted with a series of floor scrappers which continuously direct the
settled sludge to a central hopper. At the base of the hopper is the sludge draw off pipe
which is directed to the RAS / WAS pumps.
Sludge pumps (05-P02/ P03) each have a capacity of 11.7 l/s, operate on a D/S basis, and
ns
en
are controlled by VSDs which ramp up/ down in relation to the incoming flow to aeration tank
Co
as monitored by flow meter (04-FM01).

Pump controls allow for the automatic changeover of duty pumps on a time basis set out at
24 hours initially. If duty pump does not cut-in the standby pump becomes the duty pump.
Under normal operation the sludge is returned to the aeration tank as RAS. Periodically the
operator directs the sludge to the sludge holding tanks as WAS by manually operating the
change over valves.
Scum on the surface of the clarified effluent is directed to a scum box by a scraper on the top
of the half bridge. The scum is pumped by scum pump (05-P01) to the sludge holding tanks.
The pump operates on a duty basis. The pump is controlled by a limit switch (05-LS01)
located adjacent to the scum pump.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
18/28
The limit switch is activated by a striker on the rotating half bridge every complete revolution
of the half bridge.
Clarified effluent overflows the V-notch weir and flows by gravity to tertiary filter feed P.S.
5.2.
Control Philosophy
5.2.1.
Automatic Operation
Clarifier Scraper Motor (05-M01)
ru
se
The clarifier scraper motors operate continuously.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
Scum Pump (05-P01)
When the position switch (05-LS01) is activated the sludge pump operates for a set period
of time.
Co
ns
en
RAS / WAS Pumps (05-P02/ P03)
The duty RAS / WAS pump operates continuously.
In the event of higher incoming flows as monitored by (04-FM01), the duty pump
ramps ups.
In the event of lower incoming flows as monitored by (04-FM01), the duty pump
ramps down.
DRIVES PLANT
Tag
Description
Control
Control parameter
Comment
05-M01
Clarifier drive
On/off
On/ Off
Duty
05-LS01
Position
Duty
Timer
Time
Controls at PL-01
04-FM01
Flow
05-P01
05-P02/ P03
Scum pump
Sludge pumps
Duty/ Standby VSD

Controls at PL-01
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
19/28
INSTRUMENTATION
Description
Signal
05-LS01
Limit switch
Digital
Alarm
Comment
P.C
Controls 05-P01
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Tag
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
20/28
6. SLUDGE HOLDING TANKS (SHT)

6.1.
Process Description
Flow enters the sludge holding tank from the sludge pumps and the scum box in the clarifier.
The contents of the tank are the allowed to thicken through the separation of the clear liquid
and sludge by gravity.
Clear liquid at the top of the tank overflows the high level decant pipe or is manually
decanted at a lower level. This liquor is then returned to the forward feed pumping station.
The Bauer coupling at the base of the tank allows for sludge to be removed using a mobile
tanker. The bauer coupling line is fitted with a flowmeter (06-FM01) to record sludge flows
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
taken from the site.
DRIVES PLANT
Description
-
INSTRUMENTATION
Tag
Description
06-FM01
Flow meter
Control parameter
ns
en
Control
Co
Tag
Signal
Alarm
Analogue
Comment
Comment
FIR
Records sludge flows
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
21/28
7. TERTIARY FILTER FEED SUMP

7.1.
Process Description
Clarified effluent enters the tertiary filter feed sump from the clarifier through a DN200mm
pipe.
The pumping station consists of 2 No. submersible pumps (07-P01/ P02) and 2 No. dry
mounted wash water pumps (07-P03/ P04). The wash water pumps supply wash water to the
inlet screen at a rate of 4 l/s.
Clarified effluent is pumped to the tertiary treatment filter by the 2 No. feed pumps (07-P01/
P02) at a rate of 11.7 l/s. The pumps operate on a duty / standby basis and are controlled by
level sensor (07-US01) and by the PLC timer during a back wash cycle.
At a high level the pumping station can overflow to the final effluent P.S via a DN 200
7.2.
Control Philosophy
7.2.1.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
overflow pipe.
Automatic Operation
Co
ns
en
Tertiary Filter Feed Pumps (07-P01/ P02).
In the event of a high level as monitored by (07-US01), duty pump starts.

In the event of a low level as monitored by (07-US01), duty pump stops.
is raised.
When a backwash cycle is initiated for the tertiary filter, the PLC prevents the filter
feed pumps from operating while the backwash cycle takes place irrespective of
level in the sump.
The duty pump alternates after every cycle.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
22/28
Wash Water Pumps (07-P03/ P04).

The duty pump is started by an ON signal from the (PLC) when inlet screen (01-SC01) is
running.
The duty pump is stopped by an OFF signal from the (PLC) when inlet screen (01-SC01)
is stopped.
In the event of a low level detected in the sump as monitored by level sensor (07-US01),
duty pump stops.
is raised.
ru
he
Control
Control parameter
ot
Description
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Tag
se
DRIVES PLANT
Comment
07-US01
07-P01/ P02
Tertiary filter feed

pumps
PLC
Level
Duty/ Standby
(Backwash
Time
Controls at PL-01
timer)
Wash Water pumps
Level
(ON signal
Inlet Screen ON
Duty/ Standby
from 01-
signal
Controls at PL-01
Alarm
Comment
SC01)
Co
ns
en
07-P03/ P04
07-US01
INSTRUMENTATION
Tag
07-US01
Description
Ultrasonic Level
sensor
Signal
LIC
Analogue
Controls 07-P01/ P02/ P03/

P04
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
23/28
8. TERTIARY TREATMENT FILTER

8.1.
Process Description
The tertiary filter consists of:

1 No. Tertiary Filter.
2 No. Filter Feed Pumps (07-P01/ P02) located in the tertiary filter feed sump (See
chapter 7).
1 No. Backwash pump (09-P01) located in the final effluent P.S (See chapter 9).
1 No. DN150mm Actuated Ball Valve (08-BV01) located on the filter outlet pipe.
1 No. DN200mm Actuated Ball Valve (08-BV02) located on the backwash waste pipe.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
1 No. DN150mm Actuated Ball Valve (08-BV03) located on the filter rinse pipe.
Filtering Process
Clarified effluent is pumped from the tertiary filter feed pumping station to the tertiary
treatment filter by 2 No. Duty/ Standby tertiary feed pumps (07-P01/ P02) at a rate of 11.7 l/s.
As the clarified effluent passes down through the filter, suspended solids in the effluent will
ns
en
be retained in the filter. Following the filter the filtered effluent is directed to final effluent p.s.
Co
During the filtering process actuated ball valve (08-BV01) is in the open position and valves
(08-BV02 & 08-BV03) are in the closed position.
A sampler (09-SA01) automatically collects a sample of the treated effluent in the final
effluent P.S. The sampler is controlled by the PLC timer.
Back Wash & Rinse Cycle

Periodically the tertiary filter is backwashed (initially set to 4 times/ day) by isolating the
incoming flow and pumping filtered water back through the filter by duty pump (09-P01)
located in the final effluent P.S at a rate of 47.5 l/s. A back wash only takes place during
periods of low incoming flow through the plant.
Following a backwash cycle, the filter is rinsed for 30 seconds.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
24/28
When a backwash is scheduled by the PLC timer, and a low level detected in the tertiary
filter feed P.S as monitored by level sensor (07-US01), the pumps (07-P01/ P02) are
stopped and actuated valve (08-BV02) is opened and valve (08-BV01) is closed.
Pumps (07-P01/ P02) are prevented from operating during a backwash even if a
high level is detected in the filter feed p.s as monitored by (07-US01),
Backwash pump (09-P01) starts for a time (t1) initially set to 180 seconds. Filtered water
is pumped back through the filter and gravitates to the FFPS via a 225mm pipe.
After time (t1) backwash pump (09-P01) stops.
The filter is allowed to settle for a time (t2) set to 60 seconds.
After time (t2) valve (08-BV02) closes and valve (08-BV03) opens for the rinse cycle.
After the duty filter feed pump operates for time (t3) initially set to 30 seconds, valve (08BV01) opens and valve (08-BV03) closes.
Control Philosophy
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
8.2.
ot
he
ru
se
Back wash cycle complete.
(All times to be set during commissioning)
8.3.
Automatic operation
Co
ns
en
Actuated valve (08-BV01)
During normal operation of the filter, actuated valve (08-BV01) is in the open position.
When a back wash cycle is initiated by the PLC the valve closes. The valve remains
closed until the backwash and rinse cycle is complete.
When the rinse cycle is complete the valve opens.
During normal operation of the filter, actuated valve (08-BV02) is in the closed position.
When a back wash cycle is initiated by the PLC the valve opens. The valve remains open
until the backwash cycle is complete (270 seconds variable).
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
25/28

During normal operation of the filter, actuated valve (08-BV03) is in the closed position.
Following a backwash and filter settling time of 1 minute the valve opens.
The valve remains open for 30 seconds while the duty pump (07-P01/ P02) in the FEPS
operates.
The rinse water is directed to the FFPS.
After the rinse cycle the valve closes.
Backwash Pump (09-P01)
(See chapter 9)
08-BV01
08-BV02
PLC
outlet)
wash)
(Back
PLC (Back
(Backwash outlet)
Actuated Ball valve
wash)
PLC (Back
wash)
(Drain)
he
ru
Actuated valve (Filter
Actuated valve
Control parameter
Comment
Duty
Time
Controls at PL-01
Duty
Time
Controls at PL-01
Duty
Time
Controls at PL-01
Co
ns
en
08-BV03
Control
ot
Description
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Tag
se
DRIVES PLANT
INSTRUMENTATION
Tag
Description
-
Signal
-
Alarm
Comment
-
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
26/28
9. FINAL EFFLUENT P.S

9.1.
Process Description
Flow enters the pumping station through a 150mm pipe from the tertiary filter and is
pumped approximately 1600m to the Burren River.
Rising main pumps (09-P02 & 09-P03) each have a capacity of 13.75 l/s and operate on a D/
S basis.
The sampling system (09-SA01) operates on variable set point controls which will be
calibrated during commissioning. The system is equipped with time and flow proportional
ru
se
Control Philosophy
9.2.1.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
9.2.
manual overrides. The sampler is controlled from its local panel.
Automatic Operation
Co
ns
en
Backwash Pump (09-P01)
The pump is controlled by an ON signal from the PLC during a back wash cycle.
The pump runs for 180 second as part of the back wash cycle.
In the event of a low level detected in the sump as monitored by level sensor (09-US01)
the pump stops.
The pump is prevented from running when the filter supply pumps (07-P01/ P02) are
operating.
Rising Main Pumps (09-P02/ P03)
During a back wash cycle the pumps are prevented from operating to ensure sufficient level
in the sump for a back wash cycle.
In the event of a high level detected in the sump as monitored by level sensor (09US01) the duty pump starts.
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:14
Control Philosophy
27/28
In the event of a low level detected in the sump as monitored by level sensor (09-US01)
the duty pump stops.
is raised.
DRIVES PLANT
Tag
Description
Control
Control parameter
Comment
PLC
Level
Duty
(Backwash
Time
Controls at PL-01
PLC
Level
Duty/ Standby
(Backwash
Time
09-US01
09-P01
Backwash pump
timer)
INSTRUMENTATION
Description
Signal
Analogue
sensor
09-FM01
Flow meter
09-SA01
Sampler
ns
en
Ultrasonic Level
Co
09-US01
se
ru
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
timer)
Tag
he
Rising main pumps
Controls at PL-01
ot
09-P02/ P03
09-US01
Analogue
Alarm
Comment
LIC
Controls 09-P01/ P02/ P03
FIR
QIR
Timer controlled
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:15
Control Philosophy
28/28
10. FERRIC DOSING

The Ferric dosing unit consist of a ferric dosing tank and 2 No. dosing pumps (10-P01/ P02).
The ferric solution is pumped at a rate of 0-5 l/hr to the inlet to the aeration tank by means of
dosing pumps (10-P01/ P02). The Phosphate level is reduced in a chemical reaction and
settles as sludge.
The dose rate is set manually by the operator based on the incoming effluent. Once the
dose rate is set the pumps are controlled automatically based on the incoming flow to the
aeration tank as monitored by flow meter (04-FM01).
PLANT
Description
Control
Control parameter
10-P01/ P02
Dosing pump
04-FM01
Flow
Comment
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Tag
INSTRUMENTATION
Tag
Description
-
Alarm
Controls at PL-01
Comment
-
Co
ns
en
Signal
Duty / Standby
May 2008
Rev. 01
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:15
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:15
Co
en
t
ns
of
co For
py in
rig sp
ht ect
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
he
ru
ot
se
.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:15
en
t
ns
Co
of
co For
py in
rig sp
ht ect
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
.
se
ru
he
ot
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:15
Co
en
t
ns
of
co For
py in
rig sp
ht ect
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
he
ru
ot
se
.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:15
Co
en
t
ns
of
co For
py in
rig sp
ht ect
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
he
ru
ot
se
.
Section C1
The village of Fennagh is serviced by a waste water drainage system and wastewater
treatment works (WWTW). The original WWTW was constructed in the early 1970s
and was designed for a population equivalent of 180PE. The treatment works consisted
of an extended aeration treatment process with settlement and sludge drying beds. The
original secondary settlement tank was replaced by a GRP hopper bottomed secondary
settlement tank with lamella plates in the mid 90s, as there was hydraulic overloading.
There was also disused sludge drying beds. By 2005 the contributing load to the WWTW
was determined as 390PE and the WWTW was significantly overloaded, with poor
treatment capacity.
In 2008 Carlow County Council replaced the old WWTW with a new treatment works
with a capacity of 1,500 pe, this works was put into use in Dec 2008 and is being
commissioned at present. The new works consists of the following:
ru
se
Inlet 6mm screening and de-gritting on all flows, including storm flows.
Storm water holding of 3DWF for 2 hours, providing settlement and a baffled
outlet for overflow to the Burren Tributary, with held storm water returned for
treatment
Flow measurement of flow to full treatment and storm overflow.
Secondary treatment using aeration and settlement.
Tertiary treatment using a sand filtration system
Phosphorous reduction using ferric dosing
Sludge holding and thickening tank with flow measurement for sludge removed
from site.
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
Co
The treatment standards for the new works are:

BOD
TSS
Amm N
Total P
10mg/l
10mg/l
5mg/l
1mg/l
95%ile
95%ile
95%ile
95%ile
The old Fennagh WWTW discharged into the Burren Tributary which flows to the
Burren River, the confluence with the Burren is about 1.5 km east of the WWTW. The
new works will discharge into the Burren River via a new pumping station. The Burren
Tributary was considered for discharge however as the 95%ile flow, estimated by the
EPA, is 11l/s and the design load for Fennagh is 1,500 pe the dilution in the Burren
Tributary was considered to be marginally unacceptable as the BOD in the stream as a
result of the works would be about 3.2 mg/l during low flows. Therefore it was decided
to pump the final effluent to the Burren River itself as this would allow for future
expansion of the works when required.
1
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:15
The 95%ile flow in the River Burren at the discharge point is estimated at about 100 l/s,
providing dilution of almost 30:1 and the BOD in the river as a result of the works would
be about 0.85mg/l for a discharge standard of 25 mg/l at design loading and would be
approximately 0.35mg/l for the consent standard of 10mgBOD/l. The consent standard
for the Fennagh WWTW was set to 10:10(BOD:TSS) as there is a water abstraction point
about 15km downstream of the works on the Burren River(Sion Cross). The site layout
for Fennagh (drawing C2) shows the location of the final effluent pumping station and
the storm water overflow, and drawing C1 is a schematic of the WWTW, drawing C3
shows the location of the final effluent discharge point on the River Burren.
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
The treatment works has been operational since Dec 2008 is going through a
commissioning period at present.
2
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:15
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:16
Co
en
t
ns
of
co For
py in
rig sp
ht ect
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
he
ru
ot
se
.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:16
se
Co
n
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
nt
o
se
.
ru
he
ot
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:16
se
Co
n
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
nt
o
se
.
ru
he
ot
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:16
se
Co
n
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
nt
o
se
.
ru
he
ot
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:16
Co
en
t
ns
of
co For
py in
rig sp
ht ect
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
he
ru
ot
se
.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:16
se
Co
n
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
nt
o
se
.
ru
he
ot
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:16
se
Co
n
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
nt
o
se
.
ru
he
ot
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:16
Co
en
t
ns
of
co For
py in
rig sp
ht ect
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
he
ru
ot
se
.
Biological Wastewater Treatment with the STHLERMATIC-Aerotor

Proven Aeration System - Combination of Activated Sludge and Fixed Film
nearly 30 years of experience, well-engineered, rugged construction
Pipe-Aerotor (RR)
oxygen input
at the spillway
rotation
angle of opening
oxygen supply of
the fixed film
intake of
atmospheric air
forced conduction and
compression of the trapped air
wastewater
filling the pipe
running in wastewater
aeration from
release of trapped air
ru
se
oxygen transfer at the

transition zones air / water
alternative:
additional pipe
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
scraper blade
Process Description
The wastewater treatment unit combines the advantages of the activated sludge process with those
of fixed film in a unique design. The system works like a conventional activated sludge system with
activated biological sludge in the mixed liquor and a return sludge circuit. This process is enhanced
by working with higher concentrations of suspended sludge as a consequence of the low sludge
volume index and by the additional effect of the fixed film.
Co
ns
en
The STM-AEROTOR is designed as a rotor equipped with pipes created by media discs. By rotating
the rotor by a motor above water level, surface air is captured by the special design of the fixed film
media and consequently the microorganisms in the basin are supplied with oxygen.
As soon as a pipe of the rotor emerges above water level during rotation, the mixed liquor inside the
pipes flows out. By this it is firstly aerated at the spillway. The pipe will then be filled with
atmospheric air. The necessary oxygen for the fixed film dissolves on the wet surfaces of the media
discs. During the downward rotation the air is trapped in the pipes and forced into the mixed liquor.
Moving downwards to the bottom of the biotank the air is compressed more and more. The
compressed air is contacting all inner surface areas of the disc during rotation. The fixed film is
supplied with oxygen during the entire rotation in the atmosphere and in the mixed liquor. During
rotation parts of the air can escape. The bubbles travelling to the centre of the rotor result in a
homogeneous mixing of the biotank. A circular stream in the centre of the rotor increases
significantly the detention time of the bubbles so that consequently the oxygen transfer time is
much larger compared to a conventional diffuser aeration system. The activated sludge in the mixed
liquor is always effectively supplied with oxygen.
The STM-AEROTOR is a high-capacity oxygen supply mechanism designed to satisfy high demands
while using less power.
Zones with different oxygen concentrations are formed in the basin. These zones influence with
advantage the processes of nitrification / denitrification and increased biological P-elimination.
The system can be flexibly designed and controlled adapted to varying requirements
- by appropriately sizing the volume of the biotank
- by changing the speed of the rotor (frequency controlled motor)
- by adding additional media pipes and scraper blades
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:16
Choosing larger dimensions of the biotank

equipped with the same aerotor (expanding the
biotank volume) results in a larger treatment
volume. Consequently the anoxic
environmental zones are increased so that
simultaneous denitrification takes place. These
anoxic zones are mainly beneath and under the
aerotor. At the tank bottom the concentration of
the mixed liquor increases too as a result of
first sedimentation in consequence of the low
sludge volume index created by the fixed film.
Here all oxygen is consumted and a anaerobic
zone is created so that an increased biological
phosphorus elimination (luxury P-uptake) is
additionally achieved. To that the sludge in the
anaerobic zone becomes septic a scraper and /
or additional pipes are to be installed so that
the sludge is mixed and get back into the
aerated turbulence of the aerotor.
circular stream
aerobic zone
fluctuation zone:
aerobic / anoxic
air coming out
anoxic / anaerobic zone
Design
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
The basic construction of the rotor is a central shaft and a steel cage structure which transfers
forces directly to the bearings. The central shaft is significantly less stressed.
ns
en
Pipe-Aerotor
Co
The pipes are formed by joining discs into cylinders. Several of these pipes are specially arranged
to create the rotor. The pipes form hollow chambers which serve both to input oxygen and as fixed
film growth surfaces. The discs consist of durable polypropylene. The distance between the discs is
20 mm.
Each rotor can be fitted with additional scrapers and pipes.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:17
Wide Applicability
- treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater
- partial or basic treatment, advanced treatment with nitrification/denitrification,
and increased biological P-elimination
- new plants, expansions, and retrofits of existing plants
- single home treatment units
- containerized and modular plants
- large treatment plants in single and compactly designed concrete tanks
- separate aerobic sludge stabilisation
- treatment of septic and faecal sludges
- treatment of liquid manure and other wastewaters from livestock
se
Advantages
he
ru
Process Stability
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
The STM-system is very capable and reliable under even the highest demands. By optimally
combining activated sludge with fixed film, required effluent concentrations are safely and steadily
achieved, both for basic and for advanced treatment.
The Sthlermatic-AEROTOR
Using modular construction, it is possible to adapt the process to the requirements of every
application or loading. The simple and ruggedly designed construction requires less maintenance.
The selected materials guarantee long service life. Only half the power of a conventional diffused-air
aeration system is required.
High Process Stability
Co
ns
en
Highest process stability is achieved through a wide spectrum of microorganisms in the mixed
liquor and the fixed film. Oxygen supply is always guaranteed even with increased effluent
standards or during excessive loadings.
Smaller Footprint and Volume

The high efficiency and the compact design reduce the needed footprint to nearly 50% of
conventional process with the same efficiency.
Low Noise and Odour-Free

Formation of aerosols and emission of odours are minimized due to the special design of the
system. The low speed of the rotor requires no additional noise control measures.
Improved Sludge Quality

Less production of waste sludge by the fixed film component, significantly lower sludge volume
index, and best sludge settling and dewatering characteristics are the main attributes of the STMAEROTOR-System.
125%
112%
100%100%
100%
78%
75%
52% 45%
50%
25%
0%
Sthlermatic
Activated
Sludge
SBR
Total Volume
Energy kWh/d
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:17
Details of Proposed Treatment System

The Stahlermatic (STM) process is an advanced process incorporating a combination
of fixed film and activated sludge growth mechanisms in a single basin. Each of these
processes has their own advantages.
Historically, fixed film systems such as RBCs are simple and stable with low
maintenance. The activated sludge process is a more flexible process and will
produce a higher quality of final effluent. The STM plant combines the advantages of
both processes.
The system works like a conventional activated sludge system with activated
biological sludge in the mixed liquor and with a return sludge circuit to increase the
concentration of the suspended sludge. The efficiency of the typical activated sludge
system is enhanced by working with higher concentrations of the suspended sludge
than usual and by the additional effect of the biofilm. The powerful effects of the
STM system results from this significant increase of the total biomass concentration.
he
ru
se
The STM-system can be used in the same way and with the same process
combinations as a conventional activated sludge system.
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
The immersed STM-contact aerators or contactors are attached radially around a

large center shaft. The plates and discs in the contactors are formed with a special
surface profile. The process uses only a single mechanical drive system. A geared
motor above water level rotates a contactor. Through it atmospheric air is dissolved
in the mixer liquor to supply the activated sludge sufficiently with oxygen. The
biofilm on the contact aerators is supplied with oxygen when the contactors emerge
above water level. During the downward rotation the air is trapped in the chambers
created by the plates and discs of the contactors, and forced into the water. As it is
conducted to the bottom of the biotank the air is compressed more and more. In
principle the biofilm is supplied with oxygen during the total rotation of the contactor,
in the atmosphere and in the mixed liquor. The trapped air is partially used to reduce
the power requirements by buoyancy so that the power consumption of the system is
relatively low. In effect, the contactor acts an extremely efficient aerator.
The oxygen supply for all microorganisms is ensured by rotating the contactors
slowly. As soon as a segment emerges with its chambers above water level during
this rotation, the mixed liquor inside the chambers runs out. The segment will then be
filled with atmospheric air. The necessary oxygen for the biological wastewater
treatment dissolves on the wet surfaces of the fixed biofilm.
Because this very large surface area is directly affected by the partial pressure of the
air, an immediate saturation of the oxygen concentration is achieved. By diffusion
oxygen penetrates into the biofilm due to the concentration gradient.
While the segments are submerging again into the mixed liquor the air cannot escape
and is trapped in the segments. As the contactor rotates, the air is forced conducted to
the bottom of the biotank. In this way the air is compressed more and more. During
the downward rotation some of the air can escape and is channelled in the form of
middle fine and fine bubbles to the centre of the aerator caused by the shape of the
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:17
segments. Finally the bubbles reach the water surface through the opposite segments.
This turbulence combined with the rotation of the wheel effects a homogeneous
mixing of the biotank. The activated sludge in the mixed liquor is always sufficiently
supplied with oxygen.
During the upward rotation of the contact aerator the partially air filled segments
provide buoyancy and tremendously reduce the propulsive power required for
rotation. Only a few moments before emerging again the rest of the air is released
into the water.
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
The fixed film on the surface areas within the segments are supplied with oxygen up
to saturation while open to atmosphere at the start of the cycle. The forced conducted
air is contacting all inner surface areas of the plates or discs in the segments during
rotation. By this all microorganisms of the fixed film are sufficiently supplied with
oxygen during rotation in the mixed liquor too.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:17
Characteristics of the STM Process
ot
he
ru
se
Suitable for Population Equivalents of 50 PE to 5,000. ( can go to 25,000PE )

Complete Waste Water Treatment System that needs no chemicals
Utilises a very small space.
Totally Automatic. Normally no personnel required on site.
Combines the process of fixed film contactors and Activated Sludge treatment.
Low Cost, saves over 50% of the power requirement on a conventional plant.
Low Maintenance (components have 20 year plus life)
Automatic Nitrification and de-Nitrification, Automatic Oxygen level control.
Simple to Install. Simple and robust construction.
Replaces the technology of Rotating Biological Contactors.
No odours of any kind.
Larger tank operational volume to conventional RBC's
Huge area for the growth of active biofilm.
Constant mixing without additional equipment.
Higher than normal concentration of the suspended sludge biomass.
High process stability.
Optimal Oxygen transfer Efficiency
Can be containerised, mobile
Silent operation
Better sludge quality giving better dewatering capability
Over 500 installations world-wide. Patented and licensed in 66 Countries.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
For an Equivalent volume of waste water to be treated :

Compared to the Sequence batch reactor process (SBR) the Stahlermatic consumes
67% less energy and occupies 26% less volume area.
Co
ns
en
Compared to a conventional Activated sludge system the Stahlermatic consumes

55% less energy and occupies 48% less volume area.
Compared to the other two processes the Stahlermatic provides:
A lower required treatment volume
More advanced degradation of carbon elements
More advanced nitrification
More advanced de-nitrification
More advanced biological P elimination
Simultaneous stabilisation of the sludge.
The system can handle storm flows and dry weather flows equally well, with automatic
DO sensing to speed up or slow down process.
The Stahlermatic can work with or without a final clarifier, (depending on plant size)
To summarise, this system has significant advantages over comparable processes. It has
lower investment costs, lower running costs, and a complete absence of the use of any
chemicals.
It has a very small footprint. e.g. a 3000PE plant is just 1000m2 including inlet screens,
gravel traps, the Stahlermatic system and final clarification.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:17
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:17
Co
en
t
ns
of
co For
py in
rig sp
ht ect
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
he
ru
ot
se
.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:17
Co
en
t
ns
of
co For
py in
rig sp
ht ect
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
he
ru
ot
se
.
Section C2
There are no pumping stations in the Fenagh catchment and there are no overflows in the
drainage network other than at the new wastewater treatment works. At the treatment
works there is a storm overflow discharge, the final effluent is pumped to the primary
discharge at Ullard Bridge.
The final effluent (3DWF) is tertiary treated to the following standard.
BOD
TSS
Amm N
Total P
10mg/l
10mg/l
5mg/l
1mg/l
95%ile
95%ile
95%ile
95%ile
ot
he
ru
se
The storm water is treated in the following manner:

to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
When flows exceed the capacity of the forward feed pumps, the storm pumps kick in and
pump the storm water unto the storm tank.
The storm pumps are sited in a sump and the two pumps operate on a duty/standby basis.
In the case of one pump tripping out the other pump cuts in.
Co
ns
en
All flows are screened (6mm) and de-gritted and then any storm water flow above
3DWF(35m3/hr) is overflowed to the storm water holding tank. This tank has a storage
capacity of 2 hours at 3DWF which equates to a storage volume of over 80m3. If the
tank fills up then settled, screened and de-gritted storm water is overflowed to the river,
via a baffled overflow pipe, this flow is measured and recorded. The held storm water in
the tank is returned to the forward feed pumping station and provided with secondary
treatment, as inlet flows permit, this is managed by the operator. The treated storm water
is over flowed to the Burren Tributary at the boundary of the WWTW site, as after 2
hours holding there would be higher flow conditions in the stream providing sufficient
dilution.
1
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:17
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:18
Co
en
t
ns
of
co For
py in
rig sp
ht ect
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
he
ru
ot
se
.
SITE SYNOPSIS
SITE NAME: RIVER BARROW AND RIVER NORE

SITE CODE: 002162
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
This site consists of the freshwater stretches of the Barrow/Nore River catchments as far
upstream as the Slieve Bloom Mountains and it also includes the tidal elements and
estuary as far downstream as Creadun Head in Waterford. The site passes through eight
counties Offaly, Kildare, Laois, Carlow, Kilkenny, Tipperary, Wexford and Waterford.
Major towns along the edge of the site include Mountmellick, Portarlington,
Monasterevin, Stradbally, Athy, Carlow, Leighlinbridge, Graiguenamanagh, New Ross,
Inistioge, Thomastown, Callan, Bennettsbridge, Kilkenny and Durrow. The larger of the
many tributaries include the Lerr, Fushoge, Mountain, Aughavaud, Owenass, Boherbaun
and Stradbally Rivers of the Barrow and the Delour, Dinin, Erkina, Owveg, Munster,
Arrigle and Kings Rivers on the Nore. Both rivers rise in the Old Red Sandstone of the
Slieve Bloom Mountains before passing through a band of Carboniferous shales and
sandstones. The Nore, for a large part of its course, traverses limestone plains and then
Old Red Sandstone for a short stretch below Thomastown. Before joining the Barrow it
runs over intrusive rocks poor in silica. The upper reaches of the Barrow also runs
through limestone. The middle reaches and many of the eastern tributaries, sourced in the
Blackstairs Mountains, run through Leinster Granite. The southern end, like the Nore
runs over intrusive rocks poor in silica. Waterford Harbour is a deep valley excavated by
glacial floodwaters when the sea level was lower than today. The coast shelves quite
rapidly along much of the shore.
Co
ns
en
The site is a candidate SAC selected for alluvial wet woodlands and petrifying springs,
priority habitats on Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive. The site is also selected as a
candidate SAC for old oak woodlands, floating river vegetation, estuary, tidal mudflats,
Salicornia mudflats, Atlantic salt meadows, Mediterranean salt meadows, dry heath and
eutrophic tall herbs, all habitats listed on Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive. The site
is also selected for the following species listed on Annex II of the same directive - Sea
Lamprey, River Lamprey, Brook Lamprey, Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Nore Freshwater
Pearl Mussel, Crayfish, Twaite Shad, Atlantic Salmon, Otter, Vertigo moulinsiana and the
plant Killarney Fern.
Good examples of Alluvial Forest are seen at Rathsnagadan, Murphys of the River, in
Abbeyleix estate and along other shorter stretches of both the tidal and freshwater
elements of the site. Typical species seen include Almond Willow (Salix triandra), White
Willow (S. alba), Grey Willow (S. cinerea), Crack Willow (S. fragilis), Osier (S.
viminalis), with Iris (Iris pseudacorus), Hemlock Water-dropwort (Oenanthe crocata),
Angelica (Angelica sylvestris), Thin-spiked Wood-sedge (Carex strigosa), Pendulous
Sedge (C. pendula), Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria), Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
and the Red Data Book species Nettle-leaved Bellflower (Campanula trachelium). Three
rare invertebrates have been recorded in this habitat at Murphys of the River. These are:
Neoascia obliqua (Diptera: Syrphidae), Tetanocera freyi (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) and
Dictya umbrarum (Diptera: Sciomyzidae).
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:18
A good example of petrifying springs with tufa formations occurs at Dysart Wood along
the Nore. This is a rare habitat in Ireland and one listed with priority status on Annex I of
the EU Habitats Directive. These hard water springs are characterised by lime
encrustations, often associated with small waterfalls. A rich bryophyte flora is typical of
the habitat and two diagnostic species, Cratoneuron commutatum var. commutatum and
Eucladium verticillatum, have been recorded.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
The best examples of old Oak woodlands are seen in the ancient Park Hill woodland in
the estate at Abbeyleix; at Kyleadohir, on the Delour, Forest Wood House, Kylecorragh
and Brownstown Woods on the Nore; and at Cloghristic Wood, Drummond Wood and
Borris Demesne on the Barrow, though other patches occur throughout the site.
Abbeyleix Woods is a large tract of mixed deciduous woodland which is one of the only
remaining true ancient woodlands in Ireland. Historical records show that Park Hill has
been continuously wooded since the sixteenth century and has the most complete written
record of any woodland in the country. It supports a variety of woodland habitats and an
exceptional diversity of species including 22 native trees, 44 bryophytes and 92 lichens. It
also contains eight indicator species of ancient woodlands. Park Hill is also the site of
two rare plants, Nettle-leaved Bellflower and the moss Leucodon sciuroides. It has a
typical bird fauna including Jay, Long-eared Owl and Raven. A rare invertebrate,
Mitostoma chrysomelas, occurs in Abbeyleix and only two other sites in the country.
Two flies Chrysogaster virescens and Hybomitra muhlfeldi also occur. The rare
Myxomycete fungus, Licea minima has been recorded from woodland at Abbeyleix.
Co
ns
en
Oak woodland covers parts of the valley side south of Woodstock and is well developed
at Brownsford where the Nore takes several sharp bends. The steep valley side is covered
by Oak (Quercus spp.), Holly (Ilex aquifolium), Hazel (Corylus avellana) and Birch
(Betula pubescens) with some Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior). All
the trees are regenerating through a cover of Bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.), Foxglove
(Digitalis purpurea) Wood Rush (Luzula sylvatica) and Broad Buckler-fern (Dryopteris
dilatata).
On the steeply sloping banks of the River Nore about 5 km west of New Ross, in County
Kilkenny, Kylecorragh Woods form a prominent feature in the landscape. This is an
excellent example of a relatively undisturbed, relict Oak woodland with a very good tree
canopy. The wood is quite damp and there is a rich and varied ground flora. At
Brownstown a small, mature Oak-dominant woodland occurs on a steep slope. There is
younger woodland to the north and east of it. Regeneration throughout is evident. The
understorey is similar to the woods at Brownsford. The ground flora of this woodland is
developed on acidic, brown earth type soil and comprises a thick carpet of Bilberry
(Vaccinium myrtillus), Heather (Calluna vulgaris), Hard Fern (Blechnum spicant), Cowwheat (Melampyrum spp.) and Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum).
Borris Demesne contains a very good example of a semi-natural broad-leaved woodland
in very good condition. There is quite a high degree of natural re-generation of Oak and
Ash through the woodland. At the northern end of the estate Oak species predominate.
Drummond Wood, also on the Barrow, consists of three blocks of deciduous woods
situated on steep slopes above the river. The deciduous trees are mostly Oak species. The
woods have a well established understorey of Holly (Ilex aquifolium), and the herb layer is
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:18
varied, with Brambles abundant. Whitebeam (Sorbus devoniensis) has also been
recorded.
Eutrophic tall herb vegetation occurs in association with the various areas of alluvial
forest and elsewhere where the flood-plain of the river is intact. Characteristic species of
the habitat include Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria), Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum
salicaria), Marsh Ragwort (Senecio aquaticus), Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea) and
Hedge Bindweed (Calystegia sepium). Indian Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), an
introduced and invasive species, is abundant in places.
Floating River Vegetation is well represented in the Barrow and in the many tributaries of
the site. In the Barrow the species found include Water Starworts (Callitriche spp.),
Canadian Pondweed (Elodea canadensis), Bulbous Rush (Juncus bulbosus), Milfoil
(Myriophyllum spp.), Potamogeton x nitens, Broad-leaved Pondweed (P. natans), Fennel
Pondweed (P. pectinatus), Perfoliated Pondweed (P. perfoliatus) and Crowfoots
(Ranunculus spp.). The water quality of the Barrow has improved since the vegetation
survey was carried out (EPA, 1996).
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Dry Heath at the site occurs in pockets along the steep valley sides of the rivers especially
in the Barrow Valley and along the Barrow tributaries where they occur in the foothills of
the Blackstairs Mountains. The dry heath vegetation along the slopes of the river bank
consists of Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and Gorse (Ulex europaeus) species with
patches of acidic grassland vegetation. Additional typical species include Heath Bedstraw
(Galium saxatile), Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), Common Sorrel (Rumex acetosa) and
Bent Grass (Agrostis stolonifera). On the steep slopes above New Ross the Red Data
Book species Greater Broomrape (Orobanche rapum-genistae) has been recorded.
Where rocky outcrops are shown on the maps Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and Wood
Rush (Luzula sylvatica) are present. At Ballyhack a small area of dry heath is
interspersed with patches of lowland dry grassland. These support a number of Clover
species including the legally protected Clustered Clover (Trifolium glomeratum) - a
species known from only one other site in Ireland. This grassland community is
especially well developed on the west side of the mud-capped walls by the road. On the
east of the cliffs a group of rock-dwelling species occur, i.e. English Stonecrop (Sedum
anglicum), Sheep's-bit (Jasione montana) and Wild Madder (Rubia peregrina). These
rocks also support good lichen and moss assemblages with Ramalina subfarinacea and
Hedwigia ciliata.
Dry Heath at the site generally grades into wet woodland or wet swamp vegetation lower
down the slopes on the river bank. Close to the Blackstairs Mountains, in the foothills
associated with the Aughnabrisky, Aughavaud and Mountain Rivers there are small
patches of wet heath dominated by Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) with Heather
(Calluna vulgaris), Tormentil (Potentilla erecta), Carnation Sedge (Carex panicea) and
Bell Heather (Erica cinerea).
Saltmeadows occur at the southern section of the site in old meadows where the
embankment has been breached, along the tidal stretches of in-flowing rivers below
Stokestown House, in a narrow band on the channel side of Common Reed (Phragmites)
beds and in narrow fragmented strips along the open shoreline. In the larger areas of salt
meadow, notably at Carrickcloney, Ballinlaw Ferry and Rochestown on the west bank;
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:18
Fisherstown, Alderton and Great Island to Dunbrody on the east bank, the Atlantic and
Mediterranean sub types are generally intermixed. At the upper edge of the salt meadow
in the narrow ecotonal areas bordering the grasslands where there is significant
percolation of salt water, the legally protected species Borrers Saltmarsh-grass
(Puccinellia fasciculata) and Meadow Barley (Hordeum secalinum) (Flora Protection
Order, 1987) are found. The very rare Divided Sedge (Carex divisa) is also found. Sea
Rush (Juncus maritimus) is also present. Other plants recorded and associated with salt
meadows include Sea Aster (Aster tripolium), Sea Thrift (Armeria maritima), Sea Couch
(Elymus pycnanthus), Spear-leaved Orache (Atriplex prostrata), Lesser Sea-spurrey
(Spergularia marina), Sea Arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima) and Sea Plantain (Plantago
maritima).
Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand are found in the creeks of the
saltmarshes and at the seaward edges of them. The habitat also occurs in small amounts
on some stretches of the shore free of stones.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
The estuary and the other Habitats Directive Annex I habitats within it form a large
component of the site. Extensive areas of intertidal flats, comprised of substrates ranging
from fine, silty mud to coarse sand with pebbles/stones are present. Good quality
intertidal sand and mudflats have developed on a linear shelf on the western side of
Waterford Harbour, extending for over 6 km from north to south between Passage East
and Creadaun Head, and in places are over 1 km wide. The sediments are mostly firm
sands, though grade into muddy sands towards the upper shore. They have a typical
macro-invertebrate fauna, characterised by polychaetes and bivalves. Common species
include Arenicola marina, Nephtys hombergii, Scoloplos armiger, Lanice conchilega and
Cerastoderma edule.
Co
ns
en
The western shore of the harbour is generally stony and backed by low cliffs of glacial
drift. At Woodstown there is a sandy beach, now much influenced by recreation pressure
and erosion. Behind it a lagoonal marsh has been impounded which runs westwards from
Gaultiere Lodge along the course of a slow stream. An extensive reedbed occurs here. At
the edges is a tall fen dominated by sedges (Carex spp.), Meadowsweet, Willowherb
(Epilobium spp.) and rushes (Juncus spp.). Wet woodland also occurs. This area supports
populations of typical waterbirds including Mallard, Snipe, Sedge Warbler and Water
Rail.
The dunes which fringe the strand at Duncannon are dominated by Marram grass
(Ammophila arenaria) towards the sea. Other species present include Wild Sage (Salvia
verbenaca), a rare Red Data Book species. The rocks around Duncannon ford have a rich
flora of seaweeds typical of a moderately exposed shore and the cliffs themselves support
a number of coastal species on ledges, including Thrift (Armeria maritima), Rock
Samphire (Crithmum maritimum) and Buck's-horn Plantain (Plantago coronopus).
Other habitats which occur throughout the site include wet grassland, marsh, reed swamp,
improved grassland, arable land, quarries, coniferous plantations, deciduous woodland,
scrub and ponds.
Seventeen Red Data Book plant species have been recorded within the site, most in the
recent past. These are Killarney Fern (Trichomanes speciosum), Divided Sedge (Carex
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:18
divisa), Clustered Clover (Trifolium glomeratum), Basil Thyme (Acinos arvensis), Hemp
nettle (Galeopsis angustifolia), Borrers Saltmarsh Grass (Puccinellia fasiculata),
Meadow Barley (Hordeum secalinum), Opposite-leaved Pondweed (Groenlandia densa),
Autumn Crocus (Colchicum autumnale), Wild Sage (Salvia verbenaca), Nettle-leaved
Bellflower (Campanula trachelium), Saw-wort (Serratula tinctoria), Bird Cherry (Prunus
padus), Blue Fleabane (Erigeron acer), Fly Orchid (Ophrys insectifera), Broomrape
(Orobanche hederae) and Greater Broomrape (Orobanche rapum-genistae). Of these the
first nine are protected under the Flora Protection Order 1999. Divided Sedge (Carex
divisa) was thought to be extinct but has been found in a few locations in the site since
1990. In addition plants which do not have a very wide distribution in the country are
found in the site including Thin-spiked Wood-sedge (Carex strigosa), Field Garlic
(Allium oleraceum) and Summer Snowflake (Leucojum aestivum). Six rare lichens,
indicators of ancient woodland, are found including Lobaria laetevirens and L.
pulmonaria. The rare moss Leucodon sciuroides also occurs.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
The site is very important for the presence of a number of EU Habitats Directive Annex II
animal species including Freshwater Pearl Mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera and M. m.
durrovensis), Freshwater Crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes), Salmon (Salmo salar),
Twaite Shad (Alosa fallax fallax), three Lamprey species - Sea (Petromyzon marinus),
Brook (Lampetra planeri) and River (Lampetra fluviatilis), the marsh snail Vertigo
moulinsiana and Otter (Lutra lutra). This is the only site in the world for the hard water
form of the Pearl Mussel M. m. durrovensis and one of only a handful of spawning
grounds in the country for Twaite Shad. The freshwater stretches of the River Nore main
channel is a designated salmonid river. The Barrow/Nore is mainly a grilse fishery though
spring salmon fishing is good in the vicinity of Thomastown and Inistioge on the Nore.
The upper stretches of the Barrow and Nore, particularly the Owenass River, are very
important for spawning.
Co
ns
en
The site supports many other important animal species. Those which are listed in the Irish
Red Data Book include Daubentons Bat (Myotis daubentoni), Badger (Meles meles),
Irish Hare (Lepus timidus hibernicus) and Frog (Rana temporaria). The rare Red Data
Book fish species Smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) occurs in estuarine stretches of the site. In
addition to the Freshwater Pearl Mussel, the site also supports two other freshwater
Mussel species, Anodonta anatina and A. cygnea.
The site is of ornithological importance for a number of E.U. Birds Directive Annex I
species including Greenland White-fronted Goose, Whooper Swan, Bewicks Swan, Bartailed Godwit, Peregrine and Kingfisher. Nationally important numbers of Golden Plover
and Bar-tailed Godwit are found during the winter. Wintering flocks of migratory birds
are seen in Shanahoe Marsh and the Curragh and Goul Marsh, both in Co. Laois and also
along the Barrow Estuary in Waterford Harbour. There is also an extensive autumnal
roosting site in the reedbeds of the Barrow Estuary used by Swallows before they leave
the country.
Landuse at the site consists mainly of agricultural activities many intensive, principally
grazing and silage production. Slurry is spread over much of this area. Arable crops are
also grown. The spreading of slurry and fertiliser poses a threat to the water quality of the
salmonid river and to the populations of Habitats Directive Annex II animal species
within the site. Many of the woodlands along the rivers belong to old estates and support
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:18
many non-native species. Little active woodland management occurs. Fishing is a main
tourist attraction along stretches of the main rivers and their tributaries and there are a
number of Angler Associations, some with a number of beats. Fishing stands and styles
have been erected in places. Both commercial and leisure fishing takes place on the
rivers. There is net fishing in the estuary and a mussel bed also. Other recreational
activities such as boating, golfing and walking, particularly along the Barrow towpath are
also popular. There is a golf course on the banks of the Nore at Mount Juliet and GAA
pitches on the banks at Inistioge and Thomastown. There are active and disused sand and
gravel pits throughout the site. Several industrial developments, which discharge into the
river, border the site. New Ross is an important shipping port. Shipping to and from
Waterford and Belview ports also passes through the estuary.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
The main threats to the site and current damaging activities include high inputs of nutrients into
the river system from agricultural run-off and several sewage plants, overgrazing within the
woodland areas, and invasion by non-native species, for example Cherry Laurel and
Rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum). The water quality of the site remains vulnerable.
Good quality water is necessary to maintain the populations of the Annex II animal species listed
above. Good quality is dependent on controlling fertilisation of the grasslands, particularly along
the Nore. It also requires that sewage be properly treated before discharge. Drainage activities in
the catchment can lead to flash floods which can damage the many Annex II species present.
Capital and maintenance dredging within the lower reaches of the system pose a threat to
migrating fish species such as lamprey and shad. Land reclamation also poses a threat to the salt
meadows and the populations of legally protected species therein.
Co
ns
en
Overall, the site is of considerable conservation significance for the occurrence of good
examples of habitats and of populations of plant and animal species that are listed on
Annexes I and II of the E.U. Habitats Directive respectively. Furthermore it is of high
conservation value for the populations of bird species that use it. The occurrence of
several Red Data Book plant species including three rare plants in the salt meadows and
the population of the hard water form of the Pearl Mussel which is limited to a 10 km
stretch of the Nore, add further interest to this site.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:19
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ns
en
Co
se
ru
he
ot
.
16.1.2003
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:19
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Water Quality (Dangerous Substances)

Regulations, 2001
S.I. No. 12 of 2001
Co
ns
en
GUIDANCE MANUAL TO LOCAL

AUTHORITIES
ON PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION OF
MEASURES AND IMPLEMENTATION
REPORTS
Environmental Protection Agency
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:19
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ns
en
Co
se
ru
he
ot
.
An Ghnomhaireacht um Chaomhn Comhshaoil
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:19
Dangerous Substances Regulations, 2001 - EPA Guidance on Report Preparation
MEASURES AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS

PREAMBLE
The Dangerous Substances Regulations, 2001, prescribe water quality standards in
relation to certain substances in surface waters, e.g., rivers, lakes and tidal waters.
The substances include certain pesticides (atrazine, simazine, tributyltin1), solvents
(dichloromethane, toluene, xylene), metals (arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, nickel,
zinc) and certain other compounds (cyanide and fluoride).
The Regulations give
further effect to the EU Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EC) and give effect
to certain provisions of the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC).
This document sets out a general framework for the Dangerous Substances Measures
and Implementation reports along with guidance on what the reports should contain.
The purpose of preparing this document is to facilitate a consistent approach to
implementation of the Regulations and reporting of same.
ot
he
ru
se
Reporting obligations set out in the Regulations are attached as Annex A.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
SUBMISSION OF THE MEASURES AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS
ns
en
Each local authority is required to submit a Measures Report to the EPA by 31 July
2002 in line with Article 10(1) of the Regulations. This report should clearly set out
the status of dangerous substances in waters in their functional area; the targets to be
achieved; an analysis of potential pressures; and a programme of measures to achieve
the standards required in the Regulations.
Co
In addition, under Article 10(2), each local authority must submit an Implementation
Report to the EPA by 31 July 2004 and every two years thereafter. This report should
detail the current water quality and targets; any further information gathered on
potential pressures; and the progress made in implementing the proposed measures in
each local authority area. It is also important that each local authority should provide
information on problems that they may have encountered in the implementation of the
Regulations and highlight successes. In particular, local authorities should discuss
the relative success of measures applied.
Only reports prepared specifically for the implementation of these Regulations will
suffice.
Other reports, such as those by Catchment Management & Monitoring
Schemes or River Basin Management System Projects, will not be considered.
However, it is strongly recommended that further information on dangerous
substances arising as a result of these projects be considered by local authorities in the
implementation of the Regulations and be reported on in local authority
Measures/Implementation Reports where relevant.
The standard for tributyltin applies in relation to tidal waters only and shall be deemed to be met if the
results of monitoring for biological effects indicate no reproductive impairment in gastropods.
3
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:19
Measures and Implementation Reports prepared for the purpose of the Dangerous
Substances Regulations may be submitted with reports required under the Phosphorus
Regulations, 1998. The Report should be concise. The main body of the report
should be restricted to approximately 20 pages with maps and data attached as
Appendices. In addition to a hard copy of the Report, the main body of the report
together with any tabular appendices should also be provided in electronic format.
GENERAL APPROACH
The EPA recommends the use of an environmental management systems approach to
implementation of the Regulations. This approach operates on the basic principle of
continual improvement, which is at the heart of the Regulations. The common
principles underpinning an environmental management system approach are outlined
in Figure 1, adapted to the requirements of the Regulations.
ru
he
ot
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Review and Fine-Tuning

of Programme based
on assessment of water
quality and results of audit
se
Assessment of
Water Quality
Auditing System
Performance
Co
ns
en
LOCAL & NATIONAL

IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS
THE MEASURES REPORT

Setting Targets
& Objectives/
Planning for
Implementation/
Programme Formulation
Programme
Implementation
Figure 1 Generalised Environmental Management Systems Approach Adapted

to Requirements of the Regulations
On an operational level the environmental management system consists of:
initial review (in this case baseline status of water quality, analysis of
pressures on water resources, review of monitoring programmes etc.);
formulation of measures and targets;
formulating an environmental management programme or, in this case, an
implementation programme for achieving the targets;
assigning responsibility for achieving targets and implementing actions;
implementing the programme;
auditing the performance of the programme; and
reviewing and fine tuning the programme until the standards are met.
The environmental management programme is often described as the engine for
continual improvement. However, targets will only be met by keeping the system
4
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:19
dynamic and subjecting the system to periodic auditing to assess the relative success
of measures chosen for meeting the targets. Auditing, in turn, provides information
that can be used for reviewing and fine tuning the system so that changes or
modifications can be made where necessary.
As local authorities are obliged to report every two years to the EPA on the
implementation of the Regulations, the EPA recommends that a system audit be
conducted prior to preparation of each Implementation Report.
Therefore any
changes or modifications necessary to meet the standards can be included in the
updated Implementation reports.
MAIN HEADINGS FOR MEASURES AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
The EPA recommends the following main headings for the Measures and
Implementation Reports. The Measures Report should report on Sections 1-3 and the
Implementation Reports should report on Sections 1-4. Each local authority is to
follow this general layout so that consistent reporting is achieved. This guidance
provides details about the type of information that should be submitted in each section
of the Report.
SECTION 1 - CURRENT WATER QUALITY STATUS AND TARGETS
SECTION 2 - IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL PRESSURES
SECTION 3 - PROGRAMME FOR IMPLEMENTATION
ns
en
SECTION 4 PROGRESS TO DATE (IMPLEMENTATION REPORT ONLY)

Co
Template Tables are provided in Annex C which are to be used for provision of
summary information on:
current status of water quality with regard to all of the dangerous substances
standards to be achieved by 2010
measures, targets and actions to be implemented
5
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:19
SECTION 1: CURRENT WATER QUALITY STATUS AND TARGETS

This section should include current information on dangerous substances in waters in
a local authority functional area and standards to be achieved by 2010. Information
to be provided should include:
The existing condition of a water body for each parameter specified in the
Regulations, where the existing condition is defined as the condition most
recently determined by a local authority or the EPA prior to the making of the
Regulations. Where such condition has not been so determined, the condition
of a water body as first determined by a local authority or the EPA after the
making of the Regulations.
Clear identification of the condition of water bodies in relation to the standards
specified in Table 1 and 2 of the Schedule under the following headings:
satisfactory waters that require protection;
unsatisfactory waters that require improvement to a specified standard.
ru
se
Clear identification of the standards a local authority is required to achieve by

December 31, 2010. Performance will ultimately be measured against the
achievement of these standards.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ns
en
Identification of any water bodies where the specified standard shall not apply
for such a period (not exceeding five years), subject to the approval of the
EPA, due to the water body being so affected by human activity that
compliance with the relevant standard within that period is not feasible or
would be disproportionately expensive (Article 9(1)).
Co
Identification of any water bodies so permanently affected by naturally

occurring conditions or by past human activity that compliance with the
relevant standard is not feasible or would be disproportionately expensive,
subject to the approval of the EPA (Article 9(2)).
If Article 9(1) extensions or Article 9(2) exemptions are proposed, the basis
for such extensions/exemptions should be elaborated upon. Local authorities
should also differentiate between cases where IPC activities are involved and
those where they are not involved. This has implications for the decision
making process associated with such extensions/exemptions, where they
might apply. The decision in relation to whether an Article 9(1) extension or
Article 9(2) exemption is appropriate is subject to consideration by the EPA.
A Template Table is provided in Annex C for provision of the above

information.
An electronic version of this table will also be provided.
Further maps/data on the condition of water bodies may be attached as
Appendices to the report. The maps/data should also indicate where
extensions are proposed under Article 9(1) and where there is a proposal for a
water body to be exempted under Article 9(2).
6
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:19
SECTION 2: IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL PRESSURES

This section should include an assessment of the use of each dangerous substance in
the local authority area. Information is provided in Annex D on the potential uses of
each dangerous substance, to provide assistance in identifying and quantifying
potential pollution sources. It is important to note that Annex D is not necessarily
exhaustive and that each local authority should identify likely sources of each
dangerous substance within its functional area.
Information to be provided should include:
A preliminary identification of pressures, which may pose a threat to water
quality in relation to the relevant dangerous substances, and therefore require
further investigation. An assessment should be made of activities that may
potentially be contributing to unsatisfactory levels of dangerous substances in
rivers/lakes/tidal waters. This should include a consideration of point and nonpoint source inputs of both rural and urban origin relevant in the particular
catchment and/or sub-catchment, such as inputs from:
ru
he
ot
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Co
se
wastewater and drinking water treatment works

urban stormwater overflows and runoff
industrial and other point-source discharges
mining activities
illegal / legal landfills
agricultural run-off
discharges from farm yards
groundwater e.g. movement of dangerous substances from soil
through groundwater into rivers and lakes
afforestation
ns
en
A catchment-based analysis of causes of unsatisfactory levels of dangerous

substances and threats to waters currently considered to be of satisfactory
quality. An attempt should be made to identify the primary cause or causes
of elevated levels of dangerous substances for each part of river/lake/tidal
water affected so that appropriate sub-catchment measures can be identified
and included in the Implementation Programme.
Proposed new monitoring locations where considered necessary, to ensure

that surface waters at highest risk of pollution from dangerous substances are
identified and monitored.
This section should be updated in subsequent implementation reports as further

information on dangerous substances arises.
SECTION 3: PROGRAMME FOR IMPLEMENTATION
In the Measures Report a programme for implementation of the requirements of the
Regulations should be drawn up for:
7
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:19
a) the County as a whole, and

b) each river / lake / tidal water or catchment / subcatchment
These Programmes should be designed to be dynamic and are to be subjected to
regular review depending on the relative success of their implementation. As stated
above, the EPA recommends an environmental management systems approach to the
implementation of the Regulations and the preparation and implementation of these
programmes.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
The programmes should identify or seek to identify the particular measures suitable to
deal with specific problems in the County and specific rivers/lakes/tidal waters or
catchments/sub-catchments within the county. Vague aspirational statements should
be avoided (e.g., avoid statements such as enforcement of Water Pollution Acts instead state which aspects of the Acts are to be or are being enforced, with numbers
of Section notices issued, licences to be reviewed, etc.). A list of general measures
grouped under a number of headings is provided in Annex B as a general guide to
measures available. This is not presented as an exhaustive list and each local
authority will need to consider what specific measures are appropriate for its own
situation. For specific measures, targets can be defined for catchments/subcatchments or for the County as a whole.
It is recognised that a certain amount of flexibility will be required with regard to the
use of various measures over the lifetime of the Regulations. However, it is
important, in the early stages of implementation, to think about which specific
measures are appropriate for specific problems so that workable and achievable
Implementation Programmes can be put in place.
Co
ns
en
Programmes should specify measures for both the preservation and improvement of
water quality and how the local authority intends to implement these measures both at
County level and for individual catchments. This will include the setting of targets for
specific measures and a description of the actions required to meet those targets.
The programme(s) should also identify what is planned to be achieved at both county
and catchment level in:
the immediate term (by July 31, 2004);

the short term (by July 31, 2006);
the medium term (by July 31, 2008); and
the long term (by July 31, 2010 and beyond).
The dates suggested coincide with those specified for submission of the
Implementation Reports (see Annex A).
The summary Implementation Programme Tables provided in Annex C are
provided as a guide for tracking the implementation of measures at catchment/subcatchment level. An electronic version of these tables will also be provided. They
provide for a summary description of measures, targets, actions, timeframes and
assigned responsibilities. More detailed descriptions of the various Programmes for
8
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
Implementation at County / River / Lake / Tidal Water level may be included in the
main body of the Report.
In the Implementation Reports an update should be given on the status of each
measure, in order to track implementation of the measures proposed in the Measures
Report. This should include a concise summary of action taken since the previous
report and whether the measure has been completed or not. If the measure has not
been completed a revised timescale for completion should be proposed, where
appropriate. For measures that are ongoing, progress to date should be reported.
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
As implementation of the Regulations will be an iterative process and depend largely

on whether water quality is improving or being preserved and possible legislative or
policy developments, it is expected that new measures will be proposed over the
lifetime of the Regulations. These new measures, with timescales and responsibility
assigned, should be clearly identified.
9
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
SECTION 4 PROGRESS TO DATE (IMPLEMENTATION REPORT ONLY)

It is important that, in the main body of the report, local authorities highlight
successes they have had in implementation of the Regulations, with particular
reference to measures that have been effective. In addition, local authorities should
outline any problems they have encountered in implementation of the Regulations and
suggest possible solutions. Each local authority should also outline its future plans
and any new initiatives proposed for implementation of the Regulations.
The measures proposed for implementation fall into five general categories (Annex
B). This list of measures is not exhaustive but should serve as a useful reference.
The layout of this Section in the Implementation Report should follow that presented
below.
ru
he
ot
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
4.2 Consultative and Co-operative Measures

a) Progress During Reporting Period
b) Problems Encountered
c) Future Plans/New Directions
se
4.1 Planning Control and Enforcement Measures

Co
ns
en
4.3 Monitoring Measures

4.4 Public Education and Advisory Measures

4.5 Other National and Miscellaneous Measures relevant to Dangerous Substances
4.6 Summary and Conclusions
10
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
Useful References
Water Quality (Dangerous Substances) Regulations, 2001 (S.I. No. 12 of 2001)
Stephens, 2001. A Survey of Dangerous Substances in Surface Freshwaters 19992000. EPA, Ireland
An Foras Talntais, 1980. Soil Associations of Ireland and their Land Use Potential.
Soil Survey Bulletin No. 36. An Foras Talntais.
Bowden, 1994. A Study of Heavy Metals in the Natural Environment in proposed
Mining Areas. EC Stride Environment Subprogramme Measure 1. EPA Regional
Water Laboratory, Kilkenny.
Bowman, J.J., 2000. River Shannon.
1999. EPA, Ireland.
Lake Water Quality Monitoring 1998 and
he
ru
se
Bowman, J.J. and Toner, P.F., 2001. National Lake Water Quality Monitoring
Programme. A Discussion Document. EPA, Ireland.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, 2000. Agri-Environmental

Specifications for REPS 2000.
Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, 2000. Farm Waste
Management Scheme.
Good Farming
Co
ns
en
Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, 2001.

Practice.
Department of the Environment and Local Government, 1997. Sustainable

Development, A Strategy for Ireland.
Department of the Environment and Local Government, Environmental Protection
Agency & Geological Survey of Ireland, 1999. Groundwater Protection Schemes.
Department of the Environment and Local Government. Code of Good Practice for
the Use of Biosolids in Agriculture. Guidelines for Farmers. Fehily, Timoney and
Company.
Department of the Environment and Local Government. Code of Good Practice for
the Use of Biosolids in Agriculture. Guidelines for Local Authorities. Fehily,
Timoney and Company.
EPA, 1997. Environmental Quality Objectives and Environmental Quality Standards,
The Aquatic Environment, A Discussion Document.
EPA, 2000. Irelands Environment: A Millennium Report.
11
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
EPA, 2001. Parameters of Water Quality: Interpretations and Standards.

EPA, 2001. The Quality of Drinking Water in Ireland.
EPA, 2002. National River Water Quality Monitoring Programme.
Document. EPA, Ireland.
A Discussion
EPA, various. BATNEEC Guidance Notes.

Existing Water Quality Management Plans.
Groundwater Protection Schemes and Source Protection Areas for County.
International Standards Organisation, 1996. ISO 14001 Environmental Management
Systems - specifications with guidance for use.
Local Authority Development Plans.
An Foras Forbartha.
se
ODonnell, C., 1980. Organic Micropollutants in Irish Waters.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
ODonnell, C. 1996. Pesticides in Drinking Waters. EPA, Ireland

Teagasc, 1994. Soil Analysis & Fertiliser, Lime, Animal Manure & Trace Element
Recommendations.
Waste Management Plans and Strategies.
Co
ns
en
Waste Management (Use of Sewage Sludge in Agriculture) Regulations, 1998 (S.I.

No. 148 of 1998).
12
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
ANNEX A: REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

Reporting obligations under the Dangerous Substances Regulations
Local Authority Reports
31 July 2002 (Measures)
31 July 2004 (Implementation)
EPA Reports
30 April 2005 (National Implementation)
Measures Report
Local authorities to submit report to EPA by July 31, 2002, setting out measures to be
taken to implement the Regulations.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Local Authority Implementation Reports

Local authorities to submit biennial progress reports to the EPA, by 31 July 2004,
2006, 2008, 2010 etc.
Co
ns
en
National Implementation Reports

National reports on the implementation of the Regulations to be published by the EPA
within nine months of receipt of local authority reports (i.e. by 30 April 2005, 2007,
2009, 2011 etc.) with recommendations where considered necessary.
13
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
ANNEX B: MEASURES AVAILABLE FOR IMPLEMENTATION

The primary sources for identifying measures available for implementation are:
The Principal Acts (Local Government (Water Pollution) Act, 1977 as amended by
the Local Government (Water Pollution) Act, 1990.
Dangerous Substances Regulations, 2001
Information arising from work undertaken by the River Basin Management System
Projects
New measures are likely to emerge over the coming years, for instance, through new
legislation or the creation of new initiatives. Each local authority will need to keep
abreast of changes and developments that might impact on the implementation of the
Regulations.
se
ru
he
ot
Planning, Control and Enforcement Measures

Consultative and Co-operative Measures
Monitoring Measures
Public Education and Advisory Measures
Other National and Miscellaneous Measures
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Measures can be considered under various headings. The following are suggested:
Co
ns
en
The following is a list of measures that could be considered. This is not presented as
an exhaustive list and each local authority will need to consider what specific
measures are appropriate for its own situation.
14
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
B.1 PLANNING CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENT MEASURES

Water Quality Management Planning
A key planning measure available to local authorities is the power to make a water
quality management plan for any waters in its functional area or which adjoin that
area. Any review of existing water quality management plans or development of new
water quality management plans should take into account the requirements of the
Dangerous Substances Regulations, as well as the requirements of the Phosphorus
Regulations, 1998, the Water Framework Directive and other relevant pieces of water
quality legislation.
Other plans that should take into account these pieces of
legislation include Groundwater Protection Plans, and waste and sludge management
plans. Water Quality Management Plans should be included in the Development
Plan for the County.
Planning and Control Measures
se
For point-source discharges within catchments:
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
Issuing and enforcing licenses under section 4 of the Act to control point
source discharges
Review of existing section 4 licences in light of the requirements of the
Dangerous Substances Regulations
Issuing and enforcement of licenses under section 16 of the Act to control
discharges to sewer that might, in turn, discharge to waters
Review of existing section 16 licences in light of the requirements of the
Dangerous Substances Regulations
Upgrading urban wastewater discharges to reduce dangerous substances
inputs from WWTPs
Control of discharges from septic tanks and other small-scale sewage
treatment systems either through the planning system or through licensing
under the Water Pollution Act.
Survey and/or upgrade surface water and foul sewer/drainage systems
Remedy storm water overflows and urban runoff
Farm surveys
Catchment surveys for point source pollution from licensed/unlicensed
discharges
Upgrading of landfills
Recycling / safe disposal of wastes
Assess water abstractions
Leakage control
Controls on quarries, sheep dips, peat extraction industry
Prosecution for non-compliance with licences
Prosecutions for other contraventions of the Water Pollution Acts.
For non point-source discharges within catchments
15
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
Regulation and control of certain agricultural activities under section 21 of

the Act of 1990: i.e., the making of bye-laws
Farm surveys and pesticide use surveys
Review licensed landspreading
Ensure Best Farm Management Practices
Controls on forestry
Prosecutions for contravention of the Water Pollution Acts.
General Enforcement Measures
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Enforcement of section 3 of the Water Pollution Act (General prohibition

on the entry of polluting matter to waters)
Issue and enforcement of Section 10 notices (powers of courts, local
authorities and regional boards in relation to the mitigation and remedying
of effects of pollution)
Issue and enforcement of Section 12 notices (power to require measures to
be taken to prevent water pollution)
Use of Section 13 powers (power to prevent and abate pollution in certain
circumstances)
Enforcement of Section 14 (notification of accidental discharges)
Issue of Section 23 notices (power to require information on activities
which may cause pollution)
Enforcement of licences issued under sections 4 and 16. Enforcement
actions could include:
regular monitoring/sampling
regular site inspections
audits
Prosecutions for contravention of the Water Pollution Acts.
B.2 CONSULTATIVE AND COOPERATIVE MEASURES
Establishment of Multi-Sectoral Catchment Management Groups
Setting up consultative and co-operative structures that involve all stakeholders, such
as multi-sectoral catchment management groups, is essential to the successful
management of a catchment. This will be particularly important where both point and
diffuse inputs are responsible for deterioration of water quality as reversal of the trend
may require a range of actions across a number of sectors.
The EPA recommends
that multi-sectoral catchment management groups be set up to deal with water quality
issues arising at a catchment level. Any management group set up should address
the requirements of the Dangerous Substances Regulations, as well as the
requirements of the Phosphorus Regulations, 1998, the Water Framework Directive
and other relevant pieces of water quality legislation.
Each local authority should identify key stakeholders both at county and catchment
level. Stakeholders can roughly be identified as those who either are contributing to
16
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
the problem and therefore need to be involved as part of the solution and those that are
beneficiaries of improvements in water quality, as well as statutory bodies with
responsibilities for protection and improvement of water quality. Stakeholders
include:
ru
se
Central and Regional Fisheries Boards

Teagasc
Geological Survey of Ireland
Industry associations such as IBEC, SFA, ISME and artificial fertiliser
groups
Agricultural representative organisations such as the IFA and the ICMSA
Forestry companies and associations
Specific industries/activities identified as being contributors to dangerous
substance discharge
Tourist boards, fishery organisations, and other sectoral interests with a
beneficial interest in water quality improvement
Community-based organisations
Partnership organisations such as the LEADER groups
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
Other possible measures that may be implemented under this heading include the
establishment of:
a public consultation forum
a local authority steering group / implementation committee to implement both the
Dangerous Substances Regulations and the Phosphorus Regulations
a working group on point / non-point sources
liaison structures with other local authorities
liaison with the EPA on IPC and waste facilities
liaison with relevant stakeholders
the appointment of a specialist advisor on various relevant topics
17
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
B.3 MONITORING MEASURES

The Regulations have specific requirements in terms of:
i. the establishment of baseline water quality conditions, and
ii. monitoring progress with regard to the achievement of necessary
improvements in water quality.
se
There is limited information presently available on dangerous substances in Irish

waters.
In relation to rivers, the EPA surveyed eleven of the fourteen substances
listed in the Regulations at seventy-four sites in 1999-2000 (Stephens, 2001). It is
proposed under the National Rivers Monitoring Programme (EPA, 2002) that the EPA
will sample monthly for thirteen of the fourteen dangerous substances at fifteen river
locations nationally. (Under the legislation tributyltin is to be monitored in tidal
waters only, using gastropods.) The EPA will monitor a further eight sites, covering
the main mining locations in the country, specifically for heavy metals. Depending
on the outcome, this monitoring programme will be revised and other potential
sources of dangerous substances will be examined instead.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
The EPA proposes to conduct an initial survey of the priority substances listed in
Annex X of the Water Framework Directive at a core group of high and good quality
river sites that are representative of the major ecological types defined for Irish rivers
in Annex II of the Directive.
An initial screening approach for priority substances
is also proposed for less pristine rivers (EPA, 2002). There is some overlap between
the list of priority substances in the Water Framework Directive and the substances
listed in the Dangerous Substances Regulations (e.g., atrazine, dichloromethane, lead,
nickel, simazine and tributyltin).
Co
ns
en
In relation to lakes, there has been limited monitoring of dangerous substances to date
and the EPA does not propose to monitor these substances in its current national lake
water quality monitoring programme (Bowman and Toner, 2001).
Very limited
information is available on metals in the Shannon lakes (Bowman, 2000) and on
selected acid lakes in recent years.
An assessment is ongoing of potential
requirements in this area under the Water Framework Directive.
In relation to tidal waters, the Fisheries Research Centre have collected data on
concentrations in sediments and/or biota (mainly fish and shellfish flesh) for many of
the metals listed in the Dangerous Substances Regulations. In the case of tributyltin,
a biological effects monitoring programme, which has been in operation for a number
of years, is thought likely to fulfil the requirements of the Regulations. However,
data on concentrations in water of the dangerous substances are almost entirely
lacking.
Other information available on dangerous substances in Irish waters include an An
Foras Forbartha report on organic micropollutants in Irish waters (ODonnell, 1980);
an EC Stride study on heavy metals in proposed mining areas in Kilkenny and
Tipperary NR (Bowden, 1994); an EPA survey of pesticides in drinking waters in
1994-95 (ODonnell, 1996); and the annual EPA drinking water reports (e.g., EPA,
18
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
2001). In addition, local authorities and the Agency may have data arising from the
monitoring of licensable activities or special investigations.
Many local authorities have well established monitoring programmes in place though
these generally do not provide information on dangerous substances. Examination of
discharge licences and an assessment of sales of dangerous substances should be
among the measures used by local authorities to provide information on likely sources
of dangerous substances and therefore to ascertain potential monitoring locations.
Local Authorities may utilise the River Basin Management System Projects to identify
and catalogue actual or potential discharges of dangerous substances within each
River Basin District and then to target individual substances for monitoring and
assessment.
se
There may be a number of potential sources of information available on dangerous

substances in the local authority functional area. For example local authorities may
utilise results from monitoring undertaken for the Surface Water Abstraction
Regulations, 1989; from monitoring of discharge licences; or from monitoring of EPA
licensed IPPC and Waste facilities. Any results available should be presented in the
local authority reports.
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
It is recommended that the local authority would monitor a limited number of high
risk sites intensively throughout the year (monthly/bi-monthly if possible). These
sites do not have to be EPA monitoring stations.
Monitoring for the herbicides,
atrazine and simizine, need only be undertaken in the spring, summer and autumn
periods.
Where monitoring results do not indicate significant levels of these
substances, different sites may be chosen. The local authority should consult with
EPA monitoring staff in Dublin (Dr Ciaran ODonnell) regarding the selection of
monitoring sites as the EPA have undertaken a national monitoring programme for
dangerous substances. Where point sources are to be monitored it is recommended
that upstream and downstream samples are taken to allow for natural background
levels and to exclude the possibility of other pollution sources.
Detection limits for analytical methods used, should be adequate to assess compliance
with the Regulations. Where monitoring for dangerous substances is undertaken and
results are presented in the Implementation Reports - an indication of the sampling
frequency should be given beside any median or average values. Total hardness
should always be monitored and reported when assessing heavy metal levels.
It should be noted that different standards apply for certain substances in the
Regulations (i.e., arsenic, chromium, copper, cyanide, fluoride, lead, nickel and zinc)
depending on water hardness levels and whether samples are taken in freshwater or
tidal water. For this reason different tables should be filled in for each water body
type (i.e. separately for rivers, lakes and tidal waters as presented in Annex C, Table
1), and water hardness levels should be reported for samples taken for these
substances in freshwaters.
Monitoring, in relation to the implementation of the Regulations, should be
considered in the broader context of monitoring progress towards the achievement of
19
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
the targets in the Regulations.

considered include:
Specific monitoring measures that should be
integration of monitoring of dangerous substances by the local authorities,

EPA, River Basin Management System Projects, Marine Institute etc. to
avoid unnecessary duplication of effort
hazard identification from existing industrial, municipal and agricultural
activities
development of specific catchment/sub-catchment monitoring programmes
where necessary
investigate causes of surface water/ groundwater pollution
use of geographic information systems for storage and interrogation of data
on a catchment basis
review of field sampling programmes and quality control/quality assurance
procedures
development of site inspection/auditing programmes for activities identified
as high-risk in relation to dangerous substances risk potential
monitoring of point / non-point pollution sources
upgrading of council facilities / equipment
ot
he
ru
se
undertake specific research projects.
ns
en
Public Education Campaigns

Provision of Technical Advice and Assistance
Publicity campaigns such as use of TV, radio, newspapers and other media
Schools education programmes
Promotion of Catchment Planning through public signs, leaflets etc.
Development of sectoral education programmes
Appointment of environmental education officer
Co
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
B.4 PUBLIC EDUCATION & ADVISORY MEASURES
B.5 OTHER NATIONAL & MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES

Section 29 (funding for research, surveys or investigations in relation to
water pollution)
REPS
Farm Waste Management Scheme
Targeted use of fines imposed by Courts and awarded to prosecuting local
authority
Measures by local authorities to maximise local sources of funding to be
directed at Catchment Management (e.g. from local business, commercial
and tourism interests etc.)
Secure finance from Government
Recruit staff
20
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
ANNEX C - TEMPLATE TABLES

Table 1: Summary of Current Status of River/Lake/Tidal Water Quality in Functional Area and Standards to be Achieved
Local Authority Name
River/Lake/
Tidal Water
Code
Monitoring
Station Code
Station Location Name
Grid
Reference
Dangerous
Substance
Baseline
Condition
(g/l)
Water Hardness Is Baseline

(mg/l CaCO3)
Quality
(where
Satisfactory?
applicable)
Yes/No
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
River/Lake/Tidal
Water Name
Report Year
Current
Condition
(g/l)
Water Hardness Standard to be

(mg/l CaCO3)
Achieved by
(where
2010
applicable)
(g/l)
Co
n
se
nt
o
Table 1 (continued)
Has
Is an Article If Yes, What is Is an Article
Where Quality is
If there is an identifiable
Standard
9(1)
the proposed
9(2)
Unsatisfactory What is
source, please enter
Been
Extension
compliance
Exemption the Principal Source of
details
Achieved? Proposed?
date?
Proposed?
Pollution?
21
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
The purpose of the following Tables is firstly to summarise the standards to be achieved before the statutory deadline and at shorter terms within
that deadline and secondly to link the standards with the measures to be implemented, the specific targets set for those measures together with
actions required to meet those targets, associated timeframes and assigned responsibilities. They are provided as a guide for tracking the
implementation of measures at catchment/sub-catchment level. The table should be completed separately for measures to be implemented at a
county level, and for measures to be implemented in each river, lake and tidal water or catchment/subcatchment. Examples are given as a guide.
Table 2.1: County Implementation Programme
Measures
Targets
Actions
Timeframe
Responsible for
Implementation
Progress to Date
Corrective
Actions
ot
he
ru
se
Standard to be
achieved
Review and
enforcement
of all section
4 licences in
light of
Regulations
Reduce
dangerous
substances
inputs from
licensed
premises
Determine dangerous
substance loads from
licensed premises,
assimilative capacity
of receiving waters
and determine
whether changes are
required to licences
Prosecution for noncompliance with
licences
Establish dangerous
substances loads
from WWTPs
31/7/2003
SEE, Environment
All Licences
reviewed: 40
Section 4s
Ongoing
SEE, Environment
10 prosecutions
taken since 2001
Ongoing
1/6/2005
SEE, Environment
Establish priority list

of WWTP to be
upgraded
1/12/2003
SEE, Sanitary
Services
Monitoring
ongoing but
dangerous
substance loads to
be established
Ongoing
Co
n
se
nt
o
To improve
unsatisfactory
water quality and
to maintain
satisfactory water
quality in County
X
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
NAME OF COUNTY
Wastewater
treatment
plants
Reduce
dangerous
substance
inputs from
WWTPs
Action
completed
within
timeframe?
(Y/N)
Appoint
additional
staff
If not,
state
revised
timeframe
1/6/2006
N/A
22
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
Table 2.2: Implementation Programme Summary Table For Each River / Lake / Tidal Water
Standard
Measures
Targets
Actions
Timeframe
Responsible for
Implementation
Progress to
Date
Corrective
Action
Action
Completed
within
timeframe?
(Y/N)
1/6/2003
SEE, Environment
Water quality
reviewed
If not,
state
revised
timeframe
Reduce
dangerous
substances
inputs to river
se
he
ru
Review water quality

data to determine
where farm surveys
required.
Carry out 100 farm

surveys in hot spot
areas of catchment.
Issue and enforce
section 3, 10, 12 and
13 notices
1/6/2002
SEE, Environment
50 farm surveys
complete
N/A
Ongoing
SEE, Environment
Notices issued:
10 Section 3
6 Section 10s
2 Section 12s
1 Section 13
Ongoing
Co
n
se
nt
o
Enforce Water
Pollution Act
Assess farm
management
to reduce
dangerous
substances
inputs to river
ot
Farm surveys
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
To improve
water quality at
stations on river
X
NAME OF RIVER / LAKE / TIDAL WATER
23
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
Co
n
se
nt
o
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
24
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
ANNEX D: Guide to Potential Sources of Dangerous Substances

listed in the Dangerous Substances Regulations, 2001.
Dangerous
substance
Atrazine
Simazine
Background Information
Potential Sources
Atrazine belongs to the triazine

class of herbicides.
Simazine belongs to the triazine
class of herbicides.
It is used for control of broadleaf and grassy weeds in corn,

orchards, turf grass sod, forestry, grasslands, grass crops and roses.
It is used for control of broadleaf and grassy weeds in corn,
orchards, turf grass sod, forestry, grasslands, grass crops and roses. It
may also be used as an algaecide in ponds.
It is used as a fungicide and molluscicide.
Antifouling agent for boats to discourage growth of marine
organisms.
Used for manufacture of other pesticides.
Used to combat freshwater snails.
Preservative in industrial applications e.g. as a wood and textile
preservative and disinfectant.
Used for prevention of slimes in industrial recirculating water
systems.
Stabilizer in PVC resin plastic manufacturing.
Paper and pulp mills.
Cooling towers.
Breweries.
Leather processing facilities.
Used as a process chemical in the pharmaceutical sector, in the
production of paints and adhesives, and as a solvent for paint removers.
Used as a cleaning fluid and as a degreasing agent.
Automobile exhaust.
Consumer product paints.
Paint thinners.
Fingernail polish.
Lacquers.
Adhesives.
Solvent in fine chemicals industry.
Xylene is a constituent of gasoline and this results in a wide
distribution of very large amounts.
The isomer mixture is used as a solvent for alkyl resins, coatings
and lacquers.
o-xylene is mainly (95% globally) used for synthesis of phthalic
acid anyhdride.
p-xylene is consumed (66% globally) for synthesis of
dimethylterephthalate and 33% globally for terephthalic acid.
m-xylene is used for the synthesis of isophthalic acid and m-toluic
acid.
All three isomers are intermediates for vitamins, dyes,
pharmaceuticals, pesticides, flavouring agents and other fine chemicals.
Many industrial uses, most notably as a fuel additive and as a
solvent for numerous materials, e.g., in the printing, rubber, and leather
industries. Used in photographic industry
Along with other solvents, xylene is also used as a cleaning agent,
a paint thinner, and in varnishes.
Xylene is used as a material in the chemical, plastics, and synthetic
fibre industries and as an ingredient in the coating of fabrics and
papers.
Aromatic hydrocarbons used by rubber and insecticide industries,
chemical, pharmaceutical and explosive manufacturers.
Tributlytin (TBT) is an organotin.

TBT by itself is unstable and will
break down in the environment
unless it is combined with an
element such as oxygen. One of
the
most
common
TBT
compounds is bis(tributyltin)
oxide, or TBTO.
Dichloromethane
Dichloromethane is a volatile
organic carbon.
Toluene
Toluene is a volatile organic

carbon.
It is a petroleum
component.
Xylenes
Xylene is a volatile organic

carbon and it is a petroleum
component. It is a colourless,
flammable liquid with a sweet
odour. There are three forms of
xylene in which the methyl groups
vary on the benzene ring: metaxylene, ortho-xylene, and paraxylene (m-, o-, and p-xylene).
These different forms are referred
to as isomers. The term total
xylenes refers to all three isomers
of xylene. Mixed xylene is a
mixture of the three isomers and
usually also contains 6-15 percent
ethylbenzene.
Xylene is also
known
as
xylol
or
dimethylbenzene.
Xylene
is
primarily a synthetic chemical.
Chemical industries produce
xylene from petroleum. Xylene
also occurs naturally in petroleum
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Tributyltin
25
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
Metal
Nickel
Metal
Lead
se
Metal
ru
Copper
he
Metal
ot
Chromium
Widely used in wood preservation.

Glass and semi-conductor industries.
Fungicide in timber processing.
Natural dissolution of minerals and ores.
Base metal (tin, bauxite) extraction.
Smelting/refining of lead, lead-scrape, zinc, copper.
Steel manufacture dusts/sludges from off-gas purification.
Tanning and depilation of hides.
Dusts from flues.
Paint manufacture (arsenic may be used as a pigment).
Biocide manufacture, formulation, marketing or use.
Adhesive manufacturing (particularly for metals).
Manufacture/maintenance of zerographic machines.
Textile industry, oil cloths, calico printing and dyeing.
Electroplating industry.
Tanning and textile plants.
Paint and dyeing plants.
Metallic products.
Refractories.
To form alloys with iron, nickel, or cobalt.
Final composition of stainless steels.
Used for high-speed metal-cutting tools.
Widely used as body trim on automobiles and other vehicles.
Mining waste.
Electroplating waste.
Algicide.
Photographic processes.
Treatment and finishing of metals.
Paint, ink manufacturing.
Timber and hide preservation.
Production/use of pigments, ceramics manufacture, textile dyeing
and printing.
Copper wire used in electronic transmission.
Mining waste.
Electroplating waste.
Discarded batteries.
Cable coverings.
Ammunition.
Trace components in copper and zinc concentrates, coal, oil.
Stabilisers.
Semi-finished products.
Solders.
Glass and ceramics.
Others including fishing industry.
Natural dissolution of ores.
Electroplating waste
Natural dissolution of minerals
Nickel is used chiefly in making alloys.
A protective and ornamental coating for metals
Nickel steel is used in automobile parts such as axles, crankshafts,
gears, valves, and rods; in machine parts; and in armor plate.
Some of the most important nickel-containing alloys are German
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Arsenic
and coal tar and is formed during

forest fires.
Metal
26
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:20
silver, Invar, Monel metal, Nichrome, and Permalloy.

Also a key component of nickel-cadmium batteries.
Mining waste
Natural dissolution of minerals
Principally used as a protective coating, or galvanizer, for iron and
steel, as an ingredient of various alloys.
As plates for dry electric cells and for die castings.
Zinc oxide is used as a paint pigment, a filler in rubber tyres and is
employed in medicine as an antiseptic ointment.
Zinc chloride is used as a wood preservative and as a soldering
fluid.
Zinc
sulfide
is
useful
in
applications
involving
electroluminescence, photoconductivity, and semiconductivity and
has other electronic uses. It is employed as a phosphor for the
screens of television tubes and in fluorescent coatings.
Industrial effluents principally from electroplating processes and
electric components manufacture
Heat-treatment of metals and finishing operations.
Cyanide pesticides used as fumigants.
Coal-gas purification, steel industries where ferri/cyanide
containing wastes are produced.
Chemical synthesis, photography and pigment manufacture are
other areas in which ionic cyanides and ferri/ferrocyanides are used.
Organic cyanides may take the form of chemical intermediaries in
the synthesis of antioxidants, pharmaceuticals, dyes and surface-active
agents.
The plastics, surface coatings and adhesive industries may all
involve the use of organic cyanides.
Arises from fluoridation of public water supplies and industrial
discharges.
Municipal sewage.
Occurs naturally in quite rare instances.
The chlorofluorocarbons were used as dispersing agents in aerosol
sprays and as refrigerants but have been largely replaced due to the
restrictions of the Montreal Protocol.
Teflon, a fluorine plastic is used to make such products as motor
gaskets and dashboard accessories in the automobile industry. It is also
used as a coating on the inner surface of frying pans and other kitchen
utensils.
Perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride used in semi-conductor
industry.
Hydrogen fluoride is used as an etchant in glass industry and semiconductor industries.
Liquid fluorinated hydrocarbons derived from petroleum are useful
as highly stable lubricating oils.
Fluoride wastes are by-products of phosphate fertilizer production.
Metal
Cyanide
Cyanide is a carbon-nitrogen
chemical unit that combines with
many organic and inorganic
compounds.
Fluoride
Halogen
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Zinc
27
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
Water Quality (Dangerous Substances) Regulations,

2001 S.I. No. 12 of 2001
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Dangerous Substances Implementation Report 2006
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Current Water Quality and Targets

2.1 Main Rivers in County Carlow County Council
2.2 Water Quality Standards
2.3Current Water Quality Status
se
ru
he
ot
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
3.1 Wastewater Treatment Plant

3.2 Industrial Discharges
3.3 Agricultural Activities
3.4 Urban Storm Water Run-off and Overflows
3.5 Powerstown Landfill Facility
3.0 Identification of Potential Pressures
4.0 Programme for Implementation
Co
ns
en
4.1 Monitoring Programme & Catchment Management

4.2 Wastewater Treatment Plants
4.4 Consultative and Co-Operative Measures
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
1.0
Introduction
Dangerous Substances have the potential to cause the most harm to aquatic life due to
their persistence, toxicity or bioaccumulation. Many human activities, and some natural
processes, release chemicals into rivers and the sea.
Industrial plants and sewage
treatment works are the biggest source of the most harmful or dangerous substances,
which include certain metals and pesticides. The aim of the EU Dangerous Substances
Directive (76/464/EEC and Daughter Directives) is to improve water quality through the
elimination and/or reduction of dangerous substances discharged to the aquatic
environment.
ru
se
The Water Quality (Dangerous Substances) Regulations, 2001, prescribe water quality
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
standards in relation to certain substances in surface waters, e.g., rivers, lakes and tidal
waters. The substances include certain pesticides (atrazine, simazine, tributylin), solvents
(dichlormethane, toluene, xylene), metals (arsenic, chromium, copper,lead, nickel,zinc)
and certain other compounds (cyanide and fluoride). The Regulations give further effect
to the EU Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EC) and give effect to certain
Co
ns
en
provisions of the EU Water Framework Directive (200/60/EC).
The Regulations specify quality standards for the countrys rivers and lakes that must be
achieved by 31st of December 2010. Carlow County Council is the local authority
assigned statutory responsibility to implement the Regulations in County Carlow and is
required to submit a Measures Report to the EPA in line with Article 10(1) of the
Regulations.
This measures report is based on the Guidance Manual to Local Authorities on

Preparation and submission of Measures and Implementation Reports issued by the
EPA. It will also be based on the experience gained from the implementation of the
actions specified in the Phosphorous Measures Report and the fundamental principles of
an environmental management systems approach.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
2.0 Current Water Quality and Targets

2.1 Main rivers in County Carlow
There are two main river Catchment systems in County Carlow, the River Barrow and the
River Slaney. The western portion of the county is drained by the Barrow and its
tributaries while the Slaney and its tributaries drain the eastern portion. The main rivers
and their tributaries are shown in Tables 2.1 and 2.2 with the relevant EPA Hydrometric
Codes provided (EPA, 2001).
Aghalona
Barrow
Burren
Lerr
Mountain
Pollmounty
14AO2
14BO1
14B05
14LO1
14MO1
14PO3
se
River Code
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Slaney Catchment - Hydrometric Area 12
River
Clody
Clonmore Stream
Derreen
Derry
Douglas
Slaney
Co
ns
en
Table 2.2
ot
he
River
Barrow Catchment Hydrometric Area 14

ru
Table 2.1
River Code
12CO3
12CO5
12DO1
12DO2
12DO3
12SO2
The Slaney has been designated a salmonid river under the European Communities
(Quality of Salmonid Waters) Regulations (S.I. No. 293 of 1988). Designated waters are
required to meet the quality standards set out in the Regulations. In Carlow sampling is
carried out by the EPA on a monthly basis which complies with the sampling
requirements set out in the salmonid regulations.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
2.2 Water Quality Standards

The target substances and applicable standards to be achieved by 2010 as specified in the
Regulations are presented in the tables below.
Table 2.3
Substance
Pesticides Atrazine
Simazine
Tributyltin
Solvents Dichloromethane
Tolulene
Xylenes
Standard ug/l
1.0
1.0
0.001 **
10.0
10.0
10.0
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Note**
The standard for Tributyltin shall apply in relation to tidal waters only and shall be
deemed to be met if the results of biological monitoring for biological effects indicate no
reproductive impairment in gastropods.
Table 2.4
Co
ns
en
Substance
Standard
Freshwaters
(ug/l)
Hardness of water measured in

mg/lCaCO3
<100
Metals
Inorganic ions
Arsenic
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Fluoride
Cyanide
for
25
5
5
5
8
See notes **
500
10
>100
25
30
30
10
50
100
500
10
Note**
The value for metals are for total concentration (dissolved and colloidal/ss). In the case
of zinc the standard is 8ug/l for water hardness 10mg/lCaCO3 and 50ug/l for water
hardness between 10mg/l and 100mg/l CaCO3.
5
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
2.3 Current Water Quality Status

All the main river channels in the county are subject to routine quality monitoring, which
is carried out by the EPA, on behalf of Carlow County Council. The current monitoring
programme was established to monitor general water quality and was not designed to
target the substances listed in the Dangerous Substances Regulations.
It must be
emphasized that poor water quality, as measured by biological and/or chemical

assessment, cannot be taken to indicate the presence of Dangerous substances.
In the past the Council has conducted monitoring in the rivers, which included analyses
for some of the target substances including copper, nickel, chromium and lead. The
.
purpose of the monitoring was to assess the overall water quality in terms of suitability
he
ru
se
for abstraction for use as a potable water supply. The monitoring has not identified any
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
problem with metal levels however, the detection limits were based on the limits set in
the EC (Quality of Water intended for the Abstraction of Drinking Water) Regulations
and Directive 78/659/EC, which were higher than the standards set in the Dangerous
Substances Regulations. The data is therefore unsuitable for use in evaluating water
ns
en
quality status in the context of the Regulation requirements.
Co
The EPA were commissioned by Carlow County Council, together with other local
authorities in the South East Region, to carry out sampling of river waters and analysis
for the presence of Dangerous Substances in these samples in 2004. The results of this
survey are contained within a Report to the Local Authorities for the South East Region
on Dangerous Substances in Surface Waters dated 19th Nov. 04. The survey focused on
sites where pollution from the selected substances was most likely i.e. on watercourses
downstream of major towns and in areas where arable farming was predominant. The
survey included three sampling sites in County Carlow:
River Barrow d/s Carlow.

River Slaney Rathvilly.
River Burren Carlow Abstraction point.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
The results of this sampling, which were carried out on 22nd September 2004, found that
all samples complied with the specified parameters of the Dangerous Substances
Regulations where tested. No substances were present in any environmentally significant
concentration. Details of Dangerous substances monitoring are shown in Table 2.5. Full
details of monitoring carried out are also given in Appendix A.
The surface water potable water supply sources in the County are subject to routine
quality monitoring as required by EC (Drinking Water) Regulations 2000.
The
monitoring carried out on these sources in Carlow have not identified any significant
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
problems with Dangerous substances in surface water supply sources.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
3.0 Identification of potential pressures

The main pressures due to dangerous substances on the general water quality in the
county are located at or near the major population centres within the county. This is due
to the concentration of households, industries, waste disposal facilities, construction sites
etc located in these areas.
Dangerous substances pose a major threat to general water quality however there is
limited knowledge of the occurrence of these substances in the county. Dangerous
substances can enter the aquatic environment from both point and non-point (diffuse)
sources. Point sources are potentially of most concern in relation to acute accidents while
ot
he
ru
se
diffuse sources e.g. leaching and run-off can have a significant accumulative effect.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Carlow County Council has conducted a review of all activities in the County, which had
the potential to use any of the Dangerous substances identified in the regulations. The
review included the following activities:
3.1 Wastewater Treatment Plants
ns
en
The Councils Wastewater Treatment Plants can be identified as a pressure source in

Co
terms of general water quality. The influent to these treatment works and the associated
effluent from the plants may potentially contain some of the target substances and
therefore enter and contaminate the receiving aquatic environment.
The current
monitoring programme at the WWTP does not include the specified Dangerous
Substances. (the effluent from these treatment works are tested in accordance with the
requirements of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive.)
Samples of the effluent
from the main wastewater treatment plants in the county were due to be analysed for the
presence of dangerous substances in 2005 however this has not taken place as yet. A
programme to conduct the required analysis is being prepared with implementation
planned by the end of 2006.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
3.2 Industrial discharges

Discharges by industry either directly to waters or indirectly through the sewer network
have the potential to cause pollution of watercourses and in particular to affect the levels
of dangerous substances in the watercourses. In order to control pollution from such
discharges, any industry whose effluent has the potential to cause pollution is licensed
and monitored in accordance with the provisions of the Water Pollution Act.
Unregulated drainage from industries to sewer collection systems can effect treatment
processes in downstream plants resulting in reduced operational efficiency or in the worst
case scenario, failure of the plant treatment processes resulting in discharge of untreated
ru
se
industrial and domestic sewage.
ot
he
IPC Licensed facilities in the county are controlled and regulated by the EPA. The
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Licences specify the monitoring and reporting requirements for the licensed facility,
some of which include the specified Dangerous Substances. The EPA is responsible for
licensing, auditing and compliance monitoring of IPC licensed industries. The IPC
licensed industries are required to provide monitoring data to the EPA.
Co
ns
en
The Council also investigates incidents of water pollution. The investigation records are
a potential source of information on incidents where spills or incidents may have resulted
in the discharge of Dangerous Substances to surface waters.
3.3 Agricultural Activity

Agriculture is the main land use and industry within both catchments especially the
Barrow. Agricultural point and diffuse loads are therefore another major threat to general
water quality in the region. Agricultural practices are very intensive in the northern
region of the county leading to increased pollution levels especially in the Barrow
catchment. Whilst phosphorous and nitrate levels are of particular concern in the county,
agricultural run-off may also result in other pollutants entering water bodies including
pesticides and BOD and bacterial loadings. The main threat in relation to dangerous
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
substances is the usage of herbicides and pesticides in the region. Accidental releases of
oils and other chemicals can also occur and need to be investigated. The application of
pig slurries to land poses another threat to both catchments as copper is a very important
feed additive in the pig industry. A requirement for Nutrient Management Planning is
included in all intensive agriculture planning permissions.
3.4 Urban stormwater overflows and runoff

Untreated urban runoff from the major population centres such as Carlow town can have
a significant affect on the water quality in the catchments. This runoff enters the water
courses through gullies etc following periods of heavy rain and can potentially contain
high levels of metals, hydrocarbons, organic pollutants etc. There is currently no register
he
ot
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
quality of effluent from such systems.
ru
se
of outfalls or overflows from urban areas in the county and no monitoring data for the
3.5 Powerstown Landfill Facility
The Waste License for Powerstown Landfill facility requires that monitoring be carried
ns
en
out throughout the lifecycle of the landfill, from operational phase through to the
Co
aftercare phase. Carlow County Council undertake monitoring with the EPA carrying out
annual audits. The Waste License issued by the EPA permits the Council to discharge
treated landfill leachate to the Barrow subject to quality and flow restrictions. However
this route is not utilized. Leachate is collected in a lagoon on-site and transported for
treatment in the Mortarstown Treatment Plant. There is therefore no impact from landfill
discharges on the Barrow.
10
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
4.0 Programme of measures of implementation

Refer to table 4.1 for implementation programme summaries.
In the programme, the timescale column is defined by the EPA in their report Guidance
Manual to Local Authorities on Preparation and Submission of Measures and
Implementation report.
Immediate term by July 2004
Short term
by July 2006
Medium term
by July 2008
Long term
by July 2010
4.1 Monitoring programme & Catchment Management
he
ru
se
Water samples for measuring the concentrations of Dangerous Substances within rivers
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
in Carlow were taken at three sites during 2004 with all sites being sampled on one day
only. All results for these parameters were within the limits specified within the
regulations. The limited data available indicates that the presence of the specified
substances is not a cause for concern. It should be noted that whilst the samples taken
were tested for the parameters specified in the Dangerous Substances Regulations, the
ns
en
samples were analysed for the presence of a total of 84 parameters no substance was
Co
found to be present in any environmentally significant concentration for any of the

samples. The samples were not tested for Atrazine, simazine, tributyltin and cyanide.
The river catchments of Co. Carlow are part of the South Eastern River Basin District
(SERBD) area. The SERBD project has been set up to satisfy the requirements of the
Water Framework Directive and the need to have a catchment based national strategy to
the implementation to the Water Framework Directive. The objective is to prepare a
programme of measures designed to maintain and /or achieve at least good water quality
for all waters, which includes assistance in complying with the Water Quality (Dangerous
Substances) Regulations 2001.
11
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:21
The Characterization Report for the SERBD project has been completed. The purpose
of this report was to collect and analyse all existing datasets to provide a baseline report
of the Water quality within the SERBD project area. This will facilitate the development
of recommendations for monitoring programmes and the design of measures which will
be required to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Water Framework
Directive. Such monitoring must cover both surface and groundwater and must be
operational by 22nd December 2006. The lack of data in relation to dangerous substances
will be addressed by additional data collection and monitoring for the first river basin
management plan.
In addition to the work of the SERBD project, in 2003 a National Dangerous

.
Substances Expert Group was established, by the DoEHLG, to assist with developing
he
ru
se
lists of dangerous substances relevant to water quality in an Irish context. Having

to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
reviewed available datasets the Expert Group has put forward a list of pollutants that are
potentially relevant in Ireland. These substances will have particular relevance to the
implementation of the Dangerous Substances and Water framework Directives.
A National Substances Screening Monitoring Programme was started in 2005. The

ns
en
programme will run until October 2006 and includes monitoring over 200 dangerous
Co
substances identified. The programme will serve to feed into the setting of national
E.Q.S. for waters.
Carlow County Council, on behalf of the combined river basin districts, utilized 2 main
facilities to carry out the analysis for priority action substances (41 no.), candidate
relevant pollutants (161 no.) and candidate general components (24 no.) The first phase
of this programme investigated evidence of substances at specific locations in the vicinity
of likely potential sources of pollutants.
This provided a general overview of the
presence or absence of substances. In the second phase, further target sites were be
selected to isolate the causes of individual substances identified by the initial
investigations.
12
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
As much of the potential usage of chemicals in concentrated in major urban centres,

sampling in the vicinity of the major population centres was undertaken during the first
phase. This included the sampling of the River Barrow at two locations - upstream of
Carlow Town and upstream of St Mullins. Results from the sampling will not be
available until November 2006.
4.2 Wastewater Treatment Works

Whilst the effluent from Wastewater treatment works has been identified as a potential
source of dangerous substances to river water systems, there is no data available to
confirm if these substances are present. In order to investigate this, it is proposed that
samples of the effluent from the major wastewater treatment works in the County be
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
analysed, on a once off basis, for the presence of these substances.
A number of the plants in Carlow County require upgrading to cater for new development
in urban and village centres in the county and also to comply with the requirements of the
relevant EU directives .
o Mortarstown upgraded to provide nutrient removal

Co
ns
en
o Tinnahinch now connected to the new WWTP at Graiguenamanagh.

o Raheendoran WWTP installed in 3005
Improvement works to be carried out in 2006 include the following plants :

o Leighlinbridge
o Muinebheag
o Ballon
o Myshall
Improvements are also planned for Palatine, Rathvilly, Hacketsown and documents for
the appointment of Consultants have been prepared for the WWTP at Tullow, Fenagh and
Rathoe.
13
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22

Carlow County Council will continue on an ongoing basis to license industrial discharges
to waters and sewers in accordance with the provisions of the Water Pollution Act.
Where any of the Dangerous Substances identified in the Regulations are present in the
effluent, the requirements of the Regulations will be considered in setting the discharge
limits. A review of the application process for licenses will be carried out with specific
reference to the Dangerous substances regulations.
Since January 2004, Carlow County Council has issued 65 new/revised Section 4 licenses
(discharge to waters) and 14 new/revised Section 16 licenses (discharge to sewers) under
the Water Pollution Act.
ot
he
ru
se
4.4 Consultative and Cooperative Measures

to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
There are many different stakeholders who have an impact on the quality of waters.
Setting up consultative and co-operative structures that involve all stakeholders is
essential to the successful management of the implementation programme for the Water
Framework Directive and other EU regulations including the Dangerous Substances
Regulations. The SERBD project has provided a suitable forum for bringing these
Co
ns
en
stakeholders together these stakeholders include Teagasc, Irish farmers Association,

Coillte, IBEC, Teagasc, Duchas, neighbouring local authorities , Barrow Catchment
Group.
An important element of the programme is raising public awareness of the importance of
prevention of emissions to the aquatic environment. This involves the development of an
education programme targeted at the sectors both directly and indirectly involved in the
usage and emission of target substances.
Carlow Co Council has appointed an
environmental awareness officer whose role includes the development and delivery of
this programme.
14
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
The SERBD project has created a project website which is aimed at providing
information to the general public on water quality issues in the region.
Carlow Co Co participates in the Rural Environmental Protection Scheme (REPS)

lectures organized by Teagasc and deliver lectures/talks on an ongoing basis to the
farming community on topics in relation to Water Quality issues and measures which
they can take to protect water quality. The REPS scheme makes particular reference to
the use by farmers of pesticides and fertilizers near rivers/streams etc such substances
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
are included in the lists of substances specified in the Dangerous Substances Regulations.
15
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ns
en
Co
se
ru
he
ot
.
Appendix A
16
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
Local Government (Water Pollution) Act, 1977

(Water Quality Standards for Phosphorus) Regulations, 1998
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Implementation Report 2006
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
Introduction
The Local Government (Water Pollution) Act, 1977 (Water Quality Standards for Phosphorus)
Regulations 1998 provide for specified improvements in water quality conditions in rivers and
lakes based on molybdate-reactive phosphate levels (MRP) or the biological Q rating of the river
water.
Each local authority is required to submit an implementation report to the Environmental
Protection Agency in line with Article 4(3) of the Regulations. This report details the progress in
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
implementing the Regulations in County Carlow to date (2006).
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
Table of Contents
1.0
Water Quality in County Carlow___________________________________________4
2.0
Implementation of Phosphorus Measures __________________________________10
3.0
Implementation Programme Progress _____________________________________27
3.1 Planning Control and Enforcement Measures _______________________________27

3.2 Water Quality Management Plans_________________________________________27
3.3 Groundwater Protection Plans ____________________________________________27
ot
he
ru
se
3.4 Point Sources __________________________________________________________27

3.4.1 Section 4 & 16 Licences _______________________________________________27
3.4.2 Urban Wastewater Discharges Treatment Plants ____________________________27
3.4.3 Septic Tanks ________________________________________________________27
3.4.4 Agricultural Point-Sources _____________________________________________28
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
3.5 Diffuse Sources_________________________________________________________28

3.5.1. Agriculture_________________________________________________________28
3.6 Monitoring Measures ___________________________________________________29
3.7 Public Education and Advisory Measures___________________________________30
Co
ns
en
3.8 Financial & Other Measures _____________________________________________31
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ns
en
Co
se
ru
he
ot
.
SECTION 1
WATER QUALITY
IN
COUNTY CARLOW
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
1.0
Water Quality in County Carlow
In order to assess compliance with the requirements of the Phosphorus Regulations and
for the purposes of monitoring improvements or deteriorations in the river water quality,
the regulations permit local authorities to use either the biological quality (Q) rating or
the median concentration for molybdate-reactive phosphate (MRP).
For the MRP values to be used, the regulations specify a minimum number of samples
required when calculating the median MRP. (a minimum of 10 samples must be taken at
intervals of four weeks or longer in any twelve consecutive month period - where there
are insufficient samples taken in a 12 month period, the period may be extended to a
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
period up to 24 months during which at least 15 samples were taken).
This minimum number of samples has not been taken in Carlow in 2004/2005 for the
majority of stations and so the Biological or Q rating for the rivers have been used as the
primary basis for measuring improvement or deterioration in the water quality standard.
Carlow County Council commissions the Regional Water laboratory in Kilkenny to carry
Co
ns
en
out the sampling and testing of river water quality in County Carlow. The laboratory
prepares a yearly report on the physico/chemical and microbiological testing which is
carried out during the year. For the purposes of this report, the River Water Quality in
County Carlow, 2005 report is used.
The Q values for each of the monitoring stations are assessed on a three yearly basis, with
the country being divided into a number of hydrometric areas. Hydrometric areas 12
(River Slaney) and area 14 (River Barrow) include County Carlow. Biological surveys of
each area are carried out every 3 years. For the purposes of this report, the biological
data used is from the survey of Hydrometric area 14 carried out in 2003 and the survey of
Hydrometric area 12 carried out in 2004.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
Biological surveys are usually undertaken in the summer-autumn period (JuneSeptember) when flows are likely to be relatively low and water temperatures highest.
Surveys during this period are therefore likely to coincide with the worst conditions to be
expected in rivers affected by waste inputs.
The Q value for a river is based on a biological assessment of the water quality. The
biological classification of water quality is carried out by examining the different types of
macroinvertebrates (crustaceans, insects, worms, mollusks, leeches etc) that live in a
river. Some species are sensitive and some are tolerant to pollution and a system for
classifying water quality depending on the different numbers of the various
macroinvertebrate species has been developed. Depending on the diversity of species
.
found and their numbers, the river is classified on a scale of Q1 to Q5 with 5 the cleanest
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
water and 1 the most polluted.
Biotic Quality Index (Q Value)
Biological Quality Status
Q5, Q4-5, Q4
Unpolluted
Q3-4
Slightly Polluted
Seriously Polluted
Co
Q2, Q1-2, Q1
Moderately Polluted
ns
en
Q3, Q2-3
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
Table 1.1 A synopsis of River Water Quality in Carlow in 2005

Change from 2004
Overall Quality
No significant change Nitrates are high but appear to have stabilised in
observed.
recent years. The Aghalona has also been
subject to intermittent agricultural discharges.
Improvements have been Overall water quality in the Barrow is fair with
observed over the past four a background of slight/moderate pollution from
years downstream of the diffuse agricultural sources and sewage
Carlow Sugar Factory and discharges from the various towns.
downstream of the Carlow
Municipal
Sewage
Treatment Plant. .
Burren
While nitrates are still The Burren flows through a high tillage area in
elevated, levels appear to N. Carlow Nitrates are high , but recent data
have
improved
and indicate that levels have stabilised. There is
stabilised since 1999.
evidence of enrichment at the middle and lower
sections, with increased signs of eutrophication
in recent years.
River Clody
No significant change Generally satisfactory
observed.
River Derreen
No significant change The Derreen is shows elevated nitrates but
observed.
otherwise quality is satisfactory.
River Derry
No significant change Quality is generally satisfactory. however
observed.
quality can be affected by run-off during rain.
River Douglas
No significant change Elevated nitrates in the lower reaches.
observed.
Otherwise satisfactory.
Lerr
There are indications of a Nitrates are high due to intensive tillage in
levelling off in nitrate South Kildare recent data indicates that nitrate
levels since 1998.
levels are levelling off.
Biological data
indicates borderline conditions. Overall quality
is mediocre.
Mountain
No significant change Generally satisfactory.
observed.
Poulmounty
No significant change Mainly satisfactory but slight loss of quality
observed.
downstream of fish farm at times.
Clonmore Stream No significant change Generally satisfactory.
(Tributary of the observed.
Derreen/Slaney)
Slaney
No significant change Overall the Slaney is reasonably satisfactory
observed.
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
River
Aghalona
(Tributary of the
Burren/Barrow)
Barrow
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
Table 1.2 gives the overall trend in River Water Quality in County Carlow since the
baseline year 1998. These results are graphed in Fig. 1.1. It is clear from this graph that
the overall trend in river water quality is that it is improving on an ongoing basis.
Table 1.2 Overall trend in Water Quality in County Carlow

Percentage samples in each category
Year
Unpolluted Moderately Polluted
38.4%
19.4%
19.4%
10.0%
18.5%
9.8%
10.2%
8.8%
se
61.6%
80.6%
76.4%
86.7%
81.5%
90.2%
89.9%
91.2%
0.0%
0.0%
4.2%
3.3%
0.0%
0.0%
0%
0%
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Seriously Polluted
Figure 1.1 Overall trend in Water Quality in County Carlow

Overall Trend of River Water Quality in County Carlow
100.0%
90.0%
ns
en
80.0%
Co
70.0%
60.0%
Unpolluted
50.0%
Moderately Polluted
40.0%
Seriously Polluted
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Table 1.3 gives the details of the current river water quality standards in County Carlow
compared with the quality standards to be achieved by 2007. The Q values for the
monitored stations are summarized in Figure 1.2.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
Fig. 1.2
Co. Carlow Q-value summary

Co Carlow River Q-values and Targets
60%
40%
2004-2005
Target 2007
30%
20%
10%
0%
Q4-5
Q4
Q3-4
Q3
Q2-3 Q<=2
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Q-value
ns
en
Q5
Co
% of stations
50%
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
IMPLEMENTATION
OF
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
PHOSPHORUS MEASURES
ns
en
Co
se
ru
he
ot
.
SECTION 2
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
2.0
Implementation of Phosphorus Measures
The Phosphorus Measures Report, submitted by Carlow County Council to the EPA in
September 1999, outlined the measures, which Carlow County Council intended taking to
ensure compliance with the Phosphorus Regulations. These measures are reviewed on an
ongoing basis. The measures currently being implemented are listed in Table 2.1
Implementation Programme Summary Table for County Carlow and Table 2.2 -
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
Implementation Programme Summary Table for Rivers in County Carlow.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:22
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ns
en
Co
se
ru
he
ot
.
SECTION 3
PROGRESS
TO
DATE
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
3.0
Implementation Programme
3.1 Planning Control and Enforcement Measures

Where it is deemed to be necessary the Environment Section examines planning
applications and appropriate conditions are placed on the planning permission. These
conditions are aimed at eliminating environmental pollution.
As part of planning control, a farm survey is carried out on all agricultural developments
that apply for planning permission. In addition, all intensive agricultural enterprises are
he
ot
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
3.2 Water Quality Management Plans
ru
se
subject to Nutrient Management Plan requirements as part of the planning process.
Carlow County Council is the lead Local Authority for the South Eastern River Basin
District (SERBD) project Monitoring and Management System. The overall objectives
of the project are to establish an integrated monitoring and management system for all
waters within the river basin district, to develop a programme of management measures
Co
in all waters.
ns
en
and to produce a River Basin Management Strategy to achieve Good river water quality
3.3 Groundwater Protection Plans

Groundwater characterisation and monitoring is included as part of the SERBD
Management System. A ground water protection plan has previously been prepared by
Carlow County Council for the boreholes in Bagenalstown. Draft groundwater protection
plans have been prepared for the five other groundwater sources of drinking water in
County Carlow. These plans will be finalised at the end of September 2006
(Bagenalstown, Leighlinbridge, Old Leighlin, Ballinkillen, Tynock and Bilboa).
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
3.4 Point Sources

3.4.1 Section 4 & 16 Licences
Continued reviewing of existing Section 4 & 16 discharges licenses has taken place since
the last Implementation Report and license conditions have been changed where
necessary to take consideration of the Phosphorus Regulations.
Since January 2004, Carlow County Council has issued 65 new/revised Section 4 licenses
(including the trade and domestic effluents) and 14 new/revised Section 16 licenses under
the Water Pollution Act. An inspection of all food outlets in Carlow, Bagenalstown and
Tullow was conducted this summer. Where necessary premises are applying for licences
ru
se
to discharge into the public sewer (a minimum of 30 premises have been identified to
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
date, with a target to have these facilities licensed by the end of 2006).
3.4.2 Urban Wastewater Discharges Treatment Plants

Progress has been made by Carlow County Council in relation to the improvement of
ns
en
discharges from Wastewater Treatment works, with particular reference to Phosphorus.
Co
Existing treatment plants in both the Barrow and Slaney Catchments have been examined
with a view to installing phosphorus removal facilities. Initial priority was directed
towards the River Barrow. The Scoping report for Identification of Water Quality
Improvements to the River Barrow with particular reference to the Discharge of
Wastewater
from
Existing
Wastewater
Treatment
Plants
identified
required
improvements in the Barrow Catchment as follows: -
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
Table 3.0 - Sewerage Needs: 2000 2006

Waste
Water Existing p.e.
Description
Timeframe
Completed
2000/2001
Yes
Treatment Plant
Mortarstown
36,000
Tertiary
Leighlinbridge
450
Secondary To End 2006
No
be pumped to
Bagenalstown
Muinebeag
4,000
Tertiary
End 2006
No
In addition, Carlow County Council is currently working on the upgrading of the
se
following WWTPs, which affect both the Barrow and Slaney River Catchments.
ot
he
ru
Ballon, Myshall & Palatine

to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Existing plants are to be upgraded to provide additional capacity and improved treatment,
including Phosphorus removal. These plants have been designed to achieve the following
standard of effluent :
10 mg/l
10 mg/l
5 mg/l
1 mg/l
Co
ns
en
BOD
SS
Ammonia
Phosphorus
Ballon and Myshall upgrades shall be completed by the end of September 2006. Palatine
is currently awaiting funding.
Raheendoran
The existing communal septic tank was replaced with a WWTP, including phosphorus
removal in the summer of 2005. This effluent discharges directly to the River Barrow.
3.4.3 Septic Tanks

Carlow County Council continues to supervise groundwater and sub-soil percolation tests
in relation to septic tank treatment systems, in accordance with the requirements of SR6 /
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
EPA guidelines for Treatment Systems for Single Houses. Discharges to groundwater
have been further controlled by the insertion of a maintenance clause for all small-scale
treatment systems in planning permissions. Details of final sludge removal are also
required to be submitted.
3.4.4 Agricultural Point-Sources

Where a pollution incident occurs legal proceedings will be brought against a person who
allows polluting matter to enter a watercourse. In addition to this Notices are served
under Section 12 and/or Section 23 of the Local Government (Water Pollution) Acts,
1977-1990 requesting information and/or specifying measures to be taken to prevent
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
ru
se
pollution of watercourses where required.
3.5 Diffuse Sources

3.5.1. Agriculture
The need for Byelaws to be enacted under Section 21 of the Local Government (Water
ns
en
Pollution) (Amendment) Act 1990 will be considered through the SERBD project. It is
Co
thought that any proposed Byelaws would address such topics as soil P testing, phosphate
application limits, Code of Good Agriculture Practice etc. The introduction of such a
Byelaw will not take place until the SERBD Management Plan has been completed.
It is proposed to carry out a review of the catchments in which it is considered that

agriculture is the primary source of pollution, and that additional surveys of farms may be
carried out in these areas.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
3.6 Monitoring Measures

3.6.1 Regional Water Laboratory
The Regional Water Laboratory (EPA Kilkenny) is commissioned by Carlow County
Council to carry out physico/chemical and biological sampling and analysis of the
rivers in County Carlow. A yearly report is prepared by the laboratory giving details
of all sampling and analysis carried out and also includes an assessment of the results.
3.6.2 South Eastern River Basin District (SERBD) Project

The establishment of appropriate monitoring systems for both surface and
groundwater is one of the key tasks of the South Eastern River Basin District Project,
which was set up for the purpose of implementing the Water Framework Directive.
ru
se
A characterization report was produced by the SERBDM in 2005. The completeion of
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
this intital characterization and analysis provides the baseline necessary to begin the
next phase of the river basin management process.
The general objective of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is to prevent

deterioration of water status and to secure at least good status in relation to all
Co
ns
en
waters by 2015.
The WFD requires management of water bodies on the basis of river catchment
management, rather than each local authority looking after the section of a river in
their administrative area only. The establishment of the SERBD project has provided
the necessary structure for Carlow County Council to liaise with the other local
authorities who have responsibilities in the Barrow and Slaney River Catchments in
relation to River Water Quality.
3.6.3
LabInfo
Carlow County Council has commenced using the LabInfo computer package. The
package in use for drinking water and wastewater treatment discharges only. It is
intended to extend the database to include the sampling and testing of river water if
compatibility with the EPA database can be achieved. This will allow all information
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
to be easily assessed with regard to the implementation of the Phosphorus

Regulations.

Carlow County Council participate in the Rural Environmental Protection Scheme
(REPS) lectures organised by Teagasc and deliver lectures/talks on an ongoing basis
to the Farming community on topics in relation to Water Quality issues and measures
which they can take to protect water quality.
Public Participation has been highlighted as being a key requirement of the

implementation of the Water Framework Directive with all stakeholders to be
represented. The SERBD project includes amongst its interest groups Teagasc, Irish
he
ru
se
Farmers Association (IFA), Coillte, Fishery Boards and Community Groups. Their
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
involvement in the project is a very important and effective way of keeping these
organisations informed of the issue of Water Quality Management. The SERBD
project has had information stands at agricultural events such as the ploughing
championships, which have helped to make individual farmers more aware of water
ns
en
quality issues.
Co
The SERBD project also has information available on a website, which can be
accessed from the Carlow County Council website.
It is intended that further information in relation to Water Quality issues will be added
to the Carlow County Council website including a link to the Implementation report
and the EPA website.
Carlow County Council, through the SERBD project has developed a website has
which provides environmental information on the Barrow and Slaney catchments.
Interactive maps are provided allowing for the interrogation of all relevant data
relating to water quality.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
3.8 Financial & Other Measures

Funding has been secured for the following projects & infrastructural works :
Catchment Based Monitoring and Management System (SERBD project).
Leighlinbridge Sewerage Scheme to pump wastewater to Bagenalstown WWTP.
Ballon and Myshall WWTP upgrade each of these WWTP to include Phosphorus
removal.
Fenagh WWTP- contractor has been appointed
Rathoe WWTP currently undergoing site selection
Tullow WWTP consultant has been appointed to produce a preliminary report

for upgrade
se
Funding/approval is also being sought for the upgrading of the following WWTP
ot
he
ru
Rathvilly, Hacketstown, Palatine and Bagenalstown WWTP upgrade to provide
Co
ns
en
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
Tertiary Treatment
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
Phosphorous Standard for Wastewater Treatment Works

1.0
Introduction
Carlow County Council has to set a phosphorous discharge standard for the wastewater treatment
works(WWTWs) in its region. To do so it must comply with current environmental legislation namely the
Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive and the Phosphorous Regulations.
2.0
Legislation
The urban waste water treatment directive (UWWTD) is concerned with the collection, treatment and
disposal of urban waste waters and the treatment and discharge of industrial waste waters.
The principal elements of the Directive are summarised as requiring:
se
Collection systems (sewerage) in urban agglomerations designed and constructed in accordance
ot
he
ru
with Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Cost (BATNEEC) having regard to:
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
o Volume and characteristics of urban waste water.

o Prevention of leaks.
o Limitation of pollution of receiving waters due to stormwater overflows.

Collection systems to be in place by 31 December 1998, 2000 and 2005 for discharges to sensitive
waters, populations of more than 15,000 and populations between 2,000 and 15,000
respectively.
Co
ns
en
Waste water to be subjected to Secondary Treatment or equivalent prior to discharge.

Treatment to be in place by 31 December 2000 and 2005 depending on size and location.
A higher level of treatment where discharge is to sensitive waters.
The disposal of waste water be the subject of regulation.
The discharge of industrial waste water into urban collection systems and treatment plants be the
subject of regulation.
The elimination of the disposal of sludge to surface waters by 31 December 1998.
Sludge arising from waste water be reused whenever appropriate.
Discharges from treatment plants be monitored and reported.
A concession in relation to the classification of waters as less-sensitive and allowing treatment
of a lower order than Secondary Treatment is included in the Directive.
The UWWT Directive was transposed into Irish Law by the Environmental Protection Agency Act, 1992
(Urban Waste Water Treatment) Regulations 1994 (SI 419 of 1994).
Carlow County Council
Wastewater Treatment
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
The UWWTD sets P discharge consent standards of 2mg/l of total phosphorous for WWTW between
10,000 and 100,000 pe and 1mg/l total P for WWTW greater than 100,000 pe where the WWTW is
discharging into sensitive waters. An equivalent percentage reduction in inlet P concentrations is also
permissible. A list of sensitive receiving waters is included in the Regulations. All these waters are
inland. No waters around Ireland are classified as less-sensitive.
The implications of the UWWTD for P reduction in WWTW are as follows:
There is no P standard required by the UWWTD for WWTW under 10,000 pe.
For WWTW greater than 10,000 pe and less than 100,000 pe a 2mg/l total P standard is required if
the receiving water is designated sensitive
For WWTW greater than 100,000 pe a 1mg/l total P standard is required if the receiving water is
designated sensitive
Employ the principle of BATNEEC in treatment of wastewater.
The other legislation concerning control of P discharges from wastewater treatment works is the
ru
se
Phosphorous Regulations of 1998 (Local Government (Water Pollution) Act, 1977 (Water Quality
ot
he
Standards for Phosphorous) Regulations, 1998). These regulations require that a Local Authority review
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
the EPAs water quality data of inland river and lake waters and prepare a baseline report by 1998 of inland
surface waters within their boundaries. The regulations require that the existing water quality or biological
quality rating, as set out in this baseline report, be maintained if it is currently satisfactory or where the
baseline biological rating is less than satisfactory that the rating is improved over time to a satisfactory
condition and then is maintained. The Third Schedule of the Regulations defines various ratings and the
The Third Schedule uses both Biological Quality Ratings Q Ratings and
ns
en
improvements required.
Co
Molybdate Reactive Phosphate(MRP) concentrations. MRP concentrations are matched against Q Ratings.
The LA is then required to plan, report and implement(under the BATNEEC principle) any measures
required to maintain and/or improve the baseline water quality as required by the regulations.
The MRP concentrations detailed in the Third Schedule are very low and range from 0.015 mgMRP/l to
0.07 mgMRP/l in the surface water. These are median concentrations and by the sampling regime required
to measure the median concentration they are based on an annual variation in surface water conditions. The
relationship between total P and MRP is not easily defined and a useful guide when assessing discharges
from WWTW is that the MRP is taken as half of the total P concentration.
The implications of the Phosphorous Regulations of 1998 for P reduction in WWTW are as follows:
Very low annual median concentrations of MRP are set depending on the baseline water quality of
the surface water as set by the EPA data available up to 1998.
There is no method proposed for relating median MRP concentrations in the surface waters to
WWTW final effluent discharges.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
Employ the principle of BATNEEC in maintaining/improving the baseline Biological Rating of the
surface water.
3.0
Defining P Reduction Concentrations.
The UWWTD does not apply to WWTW under 10,000 pe with regard to P consent standards and for works
greater than 10,000 pe it only applies if the receiving water has been designated sensitive. Therefore the
principle environmental legislation that controls the discharges of phosphorous to surface water is the
Phosphorous Regulations of 1998 (Local Government (Water Pollution) Act, 1977 (Water Quality
Standards for Phosphorous) Regulations, 1998).
To evaluate the requirements of the P Regulations with regard to effluent discharges from WWTW a
spreadsheet has been developed that calculates the MRP concentration in a stream/river for various sizes of
WWTW and for various total P discharges. Three tables from this spreadsheet demonstrate the impact of P
reduction concentrations for WWTW from 500 pe up to 2000 pe for three different discharge levels of total
se
P 10mgP/l, 2mgP/l and 1 mgP/l. The MRP value has been taken as half the total P concentration for
ot
he
ru
calculating the MRP concentration in the receiving water. For discussion purposes a stream with a low
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
95%ile flow(10l/s) has been used to examine the MRP concentrations, this is a small stream but one that
dose not quite dry up in the summer usually. The median flows are based on estimates for similar sized
streams using data from the EPA.
Table 1 shows a total P discharge of 10 mg/l which is for a WWTW without any P reduction process in
ns
en
place. The light shading show the MRP concentrations at the 95% ile flow and at the estimated median
Co
flows. The P Regulations Third Schedule has the following MRP levels defined;
Existing Q Rating
Minimum Target Q Rating
MRP Median Concentration (mg/l)
0.015
4-5
4-5
0.020
0.030
3-4
0.030
3-4
0.050
2-3
0.070
<=2
0.070
Table 1 shows that WWTW discharges without P reduction can increase the level of MRP above the 0.070
mgMRP/l very quickly at median flows ie unless the river has a fairly high flow or the WWTW is small
(<500 pe). The 0.070 MRP concentration is associated with seriously polluted waters as seen from the
above data. For WWTW to require no P reduction the median flows would have to be very high as shown
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
by the heavier shaded boxes on the table 350l/s for a 500pe works, 600l/s for a 800 pe works and 700l/s
for a 1000pe works and this would be without background P levels in the river being taken into account.
Therefore P reduction is required at WWTW.
In deciding what level of P reductions is required the levels set in the UWWTD are used as a guide. These
are 2 mg/l and 1 mg/l. Table 2 shows the impact of a 2mg/l total P discharge in the final effluent and
clearly shows that the river water concentrations of MRP for a Q5 water quality are more readily achieved
for small WWTW(500 pe). However for larger works of 1500pe and over the MRP level from the WWTW
alone is above 0.030 mg/l which is equivalent to a slightly polluted water and when background levels of
MRP are taken into account could be equivalent to a moderately polluted water with MRP values in excess
of 0.05 mg/l. Also when the 95%ile flows are considered the MRP levels are an order of magnitude greater
than those required at the median level in the river throughout the year by the regulations.
Table 3 shows the impact of a 1mg/l total P discharge in the final effluent from a range of WWTWs and the
table demonstrates that the MRP levels(0.015 0.03 mg/l) associated with Q4, Q4-5 and Q5 is achievable
ru
se
for WWTW of 2,000pe and under discharging into a fairly small stream as represented by the lighter shaded
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
ot
he
area. The MRP levels at the 95%ile flows are also significantly reduced and while still high compared to
the median values required they will only occur in the river/stream for a short period and statistically a high
value that occurs in the lower 50 % of results does not affect the median value. P unlike BOD and
ammonia is not immediately toxic and therefore relatively high levels for a short period will not cause a
pollution incident. The relevance of an annual median value of MRP appears to be that it reflects or relates
to the biological diversity and hence health of the river/stream over an annual cycle. As can be see from
ns
en
Table 3 for the smaller works the Q5 MRP value is being well exceeded in the receiving water, but it must
Co
be remembered that there will be background P levels which are unaccounted for in the table. It is very
difficult to evaluate the background level of MRP as an existing small WWTW without P reduction will be
contributing a significant amount to the MRP level in any given waterway as is demonstrated by Table 1.
Reviewing Table 1 clearly shows that there is requirement for P reduction at WWTWs. Table 2 shows that
a 2mg/l total P in the final effluent from a WWTW is insufficient to meet the requirements of the 1998 P
Regulations on all but the smallest of WWTWs. Table 3 indicates that a 1mg/l level of total P in the final
effluent will meet the requirements of the P Regulations unless there is a relatively large works (2,000 pe)
discharging into a small stream with very low median flows.
Another consideration with regard to setting a P reduction standard is the process technology available to
reduce the P to the required level. The traditional P reduction process is the use of an acid such as ferric
chloride which changes the solubility of the P and makes it more readily settleable. Then more recently
particularly on larger works there is biological P reduction which uses alternating anaerobic, anoxic and
aerobic conditions to adsorb the soluble P. The third principle method is the use of membrane technology
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
which physically removes the soluble P. To achieve a lower than 1 mg/l total P is not feasible using
biological P reduction on its own. The chemical addition method can achieve lower concentrations but not
without other process difficulties as the addition of the acid reduces the pH which will prevent nitrification
if there is insufficient alkalinity. Also the acid addition significantly increases the sludge production from a
works. Membrane technology can achieve lower P concentrations down to quite low values of less than 0.1
mg/l, however it is very expensive to install and operate. Under the principle of BATNEEC the cost of
membrane technology is unacceptable on both capital and operating grounds for P reduction alone as it can
more than double the cost of the treatment works.
If there are other factors driving final effluent
requirements such as very low BOD or Faecal Coliform standards then the use of membrane technology
could be considered.
4.0 Selecting the P Concentration for Final Effluent Discharges

A 1 mg/l total P final effluent standard is therefore selected and set for all WWTWs in the Carlow County
Council region as this will meet the requirements of the regulations and maintain the principle of
he
ru
Where a WWTW is less than 200 pe and is demonstrated as discharging into a stream with suitable
ot
se
BATNEEC. There are two exceptions to this that can apply:
fully and clearly presented.
to
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
95%ile and median flows, as shown in Table 4, for this exception to apply supporting data must be
Where a WWTW is discharging into a river with larger median flows as shown in Table 5, in this
case P reduction will still be required however the standard can be increased to a total P of 5 mg/l
provided that the river can sustain this and that that the river flow data is available to demonstrate
Co
ns
en
this.
The implications to Carlow County Council in setting a P reduction standard are as follows
WWTW effluents will meet the 1998 P Regulations
The UWWTD will be met in that the standard is greater than set by the UWWTD for P reduction
into sensitive waters unless one of the above exceptions are considered and then the UWWTD
must be taken into account.
There will be an increase in the amount of sludge produced from each works and this should be
accounted for in the final design of the sludge handling stream and sludge treatment centre. For
small works sludge treatment using sludge reed beds should be considered as these are more cost
effective than transporting and treating sludge from these small works, particularly given the
additional volumes expected.
There will be an additional cost of treatment both in capital and operating costs at each WWTW.
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23
WWTW DWF Effluent Discharges

Ortho P concentrations in Receiving River Waters
Table 1 Total P =10mg/l
Per capita discharge

BOD
P
MRP
200
25
10
5
ot
he
ru
se
WTTW PE = 1000
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
2.16 11.57 2.315
4.32
5.79 1.157
6.48
3.86 0.772
8.64
2.89 0.579
12.96
1.93 0.386
17.28
1.45 0.289
21.60
1.16 0.231
25.92
0.96 0.193
32.40
0.77 0.154
41.04
0.61 0.122
45.36
0.55 0.110
49.68
0.50 0.101
64.80
0.39 0.077
86.40
0.29 0.058
108.00
0.23 0.046
129.60
0.19 0.039
151.20
0.17 0.033
172.80
0.14 0.029
194.40
0.13 0.026
216.00
0.12 0.023
259.20
0.10 0.019
302.40
0.08 0.017
345.60
0.07 0.014
nt
o
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
WTTW PE = 800
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
2.70
9.26 1.852
5.40
4.63 0.926
8.10
3.09 0.617
10.80
2.31 0.463
16.20
1.54 0.309
21.60
1.16 0.231
27.00
0.93 0.185
32.40
0.77 0.154
40.50
0.62 0.123
51.30
0.49 0.097
56.70
0.44 0.088
62.10
0.40 0.081
81.00
0.31 0.062
108.00
0.23 0.046
135.00
0.19 0.037
162.00
0.15 0.031
189.00
0.13 0.026
216.00
0.12 0.023
243.00
0.10 0.021
270.00
0.09 0.019
324.00
0.08 0.015
378.00
0.07 0.013
432.00
0.06 0.012
se
5
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
75
95
105
115
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
500
WTTW PE =
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
Sample
4.32
5.79 1.157
95%ile
8.64
2.89 0.579
Flow
12.96
1.93 0.386
17.28
1.45 0.289
25.92
0.96 0.193
34.56
0.72 0.145
43.20
0.58 0.116
51.84
0.48 0.096
64.80
0.39 0.077
Expected
82.08
0.30 0.061
50%ile
90.72
0.28 0.055
Flow
99.36
0.25 0.050
129.60
0.19 0.039
172.80
0.14 0.029
216.00
0.12 0.023
259.20
0.10 0.019
302.40
0.08 0.017
345.60
0.07 0.014
388.80
0.06 0.013
432.00
0.06 0.012
518.40
0.05 0.010
604.80
0.04 0.008
691.20
0.04 0.007
Co
n
River Flow
l/s
WTTW PE = 1500
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
1.44 17.36 3.472
2.88
8.68 1.736
4.32
5.79 1.157
5.76
4.34 0.868
8.64
2.89 0.579
11.52
2.17 0.434
14.40
1.74 0.347
17.28
1.45 0.289
21.60
1.16 0.231
27.36
0.91 0.183
30.24
0.83 0.165
33.12
0.75 0.151
43.20
0.58 0.116
57.60
0.43 0.087
72.00
0.35 0.069
86.40
0.29 0.058
100.80
0.25 0.050
115.20
0.22 0.043
129.60
0.19 0.039
144.00
0.17 0.035
172.80
0.14 0.029
201.60
0.12 0.025
230.40
0.11 0.022
WTTW PE = 2000
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
1.08 23.15 4.630
2.16 11.57 2.315
3.24
7.72 1.543
4.32
5.79 1.157
6.48
3.86 0.772
8.64
2.89 0.579
10.80
2.31 0.463
12.96
1.93 0.386
16.20
1.54 0.309
20.52
1.22 0.244
22.68
1.10 0.220
24.84
1.01 0.201
32.40
0.77 0.154
43.20
0.58 0.116
54.00
0.46 0.093
64.80
0.39 0.077
75.60
0.33 0.066
86.40
0.29 0.058
97.20
0.26 0.051
108.00
0.23 0.046
129.60
0.19 0.039
151.20
0.17 0.033
172.80
0.14 0.029
l/c/d
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
Carlow Co Co
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23


BOD
P
MRP
200
25
2
1
ot
he
ru
se
WTTW PE = 1000
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
2.16 11.57 0.463
4.32
5.79 0.231
6.48
3.86 0.154
8.64
2.89 0.116
12.96
1.93 0.077
17.28
1.45 0.058
21.60
1.16 0.046
25.92
0.96 0.039
32.40
0.77 0.031
41.04
0.61 0.024
45.36
0.55 0.022
49.68
0.50 0.020
64.80
0.39 0.015
86.40
0.29 0.012
108.00
0.23 0.009
129.60
0.19 0.008
151.20
0.17 0.007
172.80
0.14 0.006
194.40
0.13 0.005
216.00
0.12 0.005
259.20
0.10 0.004
302.40
0.08 0.003
345.60
0.07 0.003
nt
o
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
WTTW PE = 800
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
2.70
9.26 0.370
5.40
4.63 0.185
8.10
3.09 0.123
10.80
2.31 0.093
16.20
1.54 0.062
21.60
1.16 0.046
27.00
0.93 0.037
32.40
0.77 0.031
40.50
0.62 0.025
51.30
0.49 0.019
56.70
0.44 0.018
62.10
0.40 0.016
81.00
0.31 0.012
108.00
0.23 0.009
135.00
0.19 0.007
162.00
0.15 0.006
189.00
0.13 0.005
216.00
0.12 0.005
243.00
0.10 0.004
270.00
0.09 0.004
324.00
0.08 0.003
378.00
0.07 0.003
432.00
0.06 0.002
se
500
WTTW PE =
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
5 Sample
4.32
5.79 0.231
10 95%ile
8.64
2.89 0.116
15 Flow
12.96
1.93 0.077
20
17.28
1.45 0.058
30
25.92
0.96 0.039
40
34.56
0.72 0.029
50
43.20
0.58 0.023
60
51.84
0.48 0.019
75
64.80
0.39 0.015
95 Expectd
82.08
0.30 0.012
105 50%ile
90.72
0.28 0.011
115 Flow
99.36
0.25 0.010
150
129.60
0.19 0.008
200
172.80
0.14 0.006
250
216.00
0.12 0.005
300
259.20
0.10 0.004
350
302.40
0.08 0.003
400
345.60
0.07 0.003
450
388.80
0.06 0.003
500
432.00
0.06 0.002
600
518.40
0.05 0.002
700
604.80
0.04 0.002
800
691.20
0.04 0.001
Co
n
River Flow
l/s
WTTW PE = 1500
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
1.44 17.36 0.694
2.88
8.68 0.347
4.32
5.79 0.231
5.76
4.34 0.174
8.64
2.89 0.116
11.52
2.17 0.087
14.40
1.74 0.069
17.28
1.45 0.058
21.60
1.16 0.046
27.36
0.91 0.037
30.24
0.83 0.033
33.12
0.75 0.030
43.20
0.58 0.023
57.60
0.43 0.017
72.00
0.35 0.014
86.40
0.29 0.012
100.80
0.25 0.010
115.20
0.22 0.009
129.60
0.19 0.008
144.00
0.17 0.007
172.80
0.14 0.006
201.60
0.12 0.005
230.40
0.11 0.004
WTTW PE = 2000
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
1.08 23.15 0.926
2.16 11.57 0.463
3.24
7.72 0.309
4.32
5.79 0.231
6.48
3.86 0.154
8.64
2.89 0.116
10.80
2.31 0.093
12.96
1.93 0.077
16.20
1.54 0.062
20.52
1.22 0.049
22.68
1.10 0.044
24.84
1.01 0.040
32.40
0.77 0.031
43.20
0.58 0.023
54.00
0.46 0.019
64.80
0.39 0.015
75.60
0.33 0.013
86.40
0.29 0.012
97.20
0.26 0.010
108.00
0.23 0.009
129.60
0.19 0.008
151.20
0.17 0.007
172.80
0.14 0.006
l/c/d
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
Carlow Co Co
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23


BOD
P
MRP
200
25
1
0.5
ot
he
ru
se
WTTW PE = 1000
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
2.16 11.57 0.231
4.32
5.79 0.116
6.48
3.86 0.077
8.64
2.89 0.058
12.96
1.93 0.039
17.28
1.45 0.029
21.60
1.16 0.023
25.92
0.96 0.019
32.40
0.77 0.015
41.04
0.61 0.012
45.36
0.55 0.011
49.68
0.50 0.010
64.80
0.39 0.008
86.40
0.29 0.006
108.00
0.23 0.005
129.60
0.19 0.004
151.20
0.17 0.003
172.80
0.14 0.003
194.40
0.13 0.003
216.00
0.12 0.002
259.20
0.10 0.002
302.40
0.08 0.002
345.60
0.07 0.001
nt
o
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
WTTW PE = 800
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
2.70
9.26 0.185
5.40
4.63 0.093
8.10
3.09 0.062
10.80
2.31 0.046
16.20
1.54 0.031
21.60
1.16 0.023
27.00
0.93 0.019
32.40
0.77 0.015
40.50
0.62 0.012
51.30
0.49 0.010
56.70
0.44 0.009
62.10
0.40 0.008
81.00
0.31 0.006
108.00
0.23 0.005
135.00
0.19 0.004
162.00
0.15 0.003
189.00
0.13 0.003
216.00
0.12 0.002
243.00
0.10 0.002
270.00
0.09 0.002
324.00
0.08 0.002
378.00
0.07 0.001
432.00
0.06 0.001
se
500
WTTW PE =
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
5 Sample
4.32
5.79 0.116
10 95%ile
8.64
2.89 0.058
15 Flow
12.96
1.93 0.039
20
17.28
1.45 0.029
30
25.92
0.96 0.019
40
34.56
0.72 0.014
50
43.20
0.58 0.012
60
51.84
0.48 0.010
75
64.80
0.39 0.008
95 Expectd
82.08
0.30 0.006
105 50%ile
90.72
0.28 0.006
115 Flow
99.36
0.25 0.005
150
129.60
0.19 0.004
200
172.80
0.14 0.003
250
216.00
0.12 0.002
300
259.20
0.10 0.002
350
302.40
0.08 0.002
400
345.60
0.07 0.001
450
388.80
0.06 0.001
500
432.00
0.06 0.001
600
518.40
0.05 0.001
700
604.80
0.04 0.001
800
691.20
0.04 0.001
Co
n
River Flow
l/s
WTTW PE = 1500
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
1.44 17.36 0.347
2.88
8.68 0.174
4.32
5.79 0.116
5.76
4.34 0.087
8.64
2.89 0.058
11.52
2.17 0.043
14.40
1.74 0.035
17.28
1.45 0.029
21.60
1.16 0.023
27.36
0.91 0.018
30.24
0.83 0.017
33.12
0.75 0.015
43.20
0.58 0.012
57.60
0.43 0.009
72.00
0.35 0.007
86.40
0.29 0.006
100.80
0.25 0.005
115.20
0.22 0.004
129.60
0.19 0.004
144.00
0.17 0.003
172.80
0.14 0.003
201.60
0.12 0.002
230.40
0.11 0.002
WTTW PE = 2000
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
1.08 23.15 0.463
2.16 11.57 0.231
3.24
7.72 0.154
4.32
5.79 0.116
6.48
3.86 0.077
8.64
2.89 0.058
10.80
2.31 0.046
12.96
1.93 0.039
16.20
1.54 0.031
20.52
1.22 0.024
22.68
1.10 0.022
24.84
1.01 0.020
32.40
0.77 0.015
43.20
0.58 0.012
54.00
0.46 0.009
64.80
0.39 0.008
75.60
0.33 0.007
86.40
0.29 0.006
97.20
0.26 0.005
108.00
0.23 0.005
129.60
0.19 0.004
151.20
0.17 0.003
172.80
0.14 0.003
l/c/d
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
Carlow Co Co
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23

Table 4 Total P =10mg/l - smaller works

BOD
P
MRP
200
25
10
5
ot
he
ru
se
WTTW PE = 100
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
21.60
1.16 0.231
43.20
0.58 0.116
64.80
0.39 0.077
86.40
0.29 0.058
129.60
0.19 0.039
172.80
0.14 0.029
216.00
0.12 0.023
259.20
0.10 0.019
324.00
0.08 0.015
410.40
0.06 0.012
453.60
0.06 0.011
496.80
0.05 0.010
648.00
0.04 0.008
864.00
0.03 0.006
1080.00
0.02 0.005
1296.00
0.02 0.004
1512.00
0.02 0.003
1728.00
0.01 0.003
1944.00
0.01 0.003
2160.00
0.01 0.002
2592.00
0.01 0.002
3024.00
0.01 0.002
3456.00
0.01 0.001
nt
o
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
WTTW PE = 75
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
28.80
0.87 0.174
57.60
0.43 0.087
86.40
0.29 0.058
115.20
0.22 0.043
172.80
0.14 0.029
230.40
0.11 0.022
288.00
0.09 0.017
345.60
0.07 0.014
432.00
0.06 0.012
547.20
0.05 0.009
604.80
0.04 0.008
662.40
0.04 0.008
864.00
0.03 0.006
1152.00
0.02 0.004
1440.00
0.02 0.003
1728.00
0.01 0.003
2016.00
0.01 0.002
2304.00
0.01 0.002
2592.00
0.01 0.002
2880.00
0.01 0.002
3456.00
0.01 0.001
4032.00
0.01 0.001
4608.00
0.01 0.001
se
5
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
75
95
105
115
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
50
WTTW PE =
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
Sample
43.20
0.58 0.116
95%ile
86.40
0.29 0.058
Flow
129.60
0.19 0.039
172.80
0.14 0.029
259.20
0.10 0.019
345.60
0.07 0.014
432.00
0.06 0.012
518.40
0.05 0.010
648.00
0.04 0.008
Expected
820.80
0.03 0.006
50%ile
907.20
0.03 0.006
Flow
993.60
0.03 0.005
1296.00
0.02 0.004
1728.00
0.01 0.003
2160.00
0.01 0.002
2592.00
0.01 0.002
3024.00
0.01 0.002
3456.00
0.01 0.001
3888.00
0.01 0.001
4320.00
0.01 0.001
5184.00
0.00 0.001
6048.00
0.00 0.001
6912.00
0.00 0.001
Co
n
River Flow
l/s
WTTW PE = 150
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
14.40
1.74 0.347
28.80
0.87 0.174
43.20
0.58 0.116
57.60
0.43 0.087
86.40
0.29 0.058
115.20
0.22 0.043
144.00
0.17 0.035
172.80
0.14 0.029
216.00
0.12 0.023
273.60
0.09 0.018
302.40
0.08 0.017
331.20
0.08 0.015
432.00
0.06 0.012
576.00
0.04 0.009
720.00
0.03 0.007
864.00
0.03 0.006
1008.00
0.02 0.005
1152.00
0.02 0.004
1296.00
0.02 0.004
1440.00
0.02 0.003
1728.00
0.01 0.003
2016.00
0.01 0.002
2304.00
0.01 0.002
WTTW PE = 200
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
10.80
2.31 0.463
21.60
1.16 0.231
32.40
0.77 0.154
43.20
0.58 0.116
64.80
0.39 0.077
86.40
0.29 0.058
108.00
0.23 0.046
129.60
0.19 0.039
162.00
0.15 0.031
205.20
0.12 0.024
226.80
0.11 0.022
248.40
0.10 0.020
324.00
0.08 0.015
432.00
0.06 0.012
540.00
0.05 0.009
648.00
0.04 0.008
756.00
0.03 0.007
864.00
0.03 0.006
972.00
0.03 0.005
1080.00
0.02 0.005
1296.00
0.02 0.004
1512.00
0.02 0.003
1728.00
0.01 0.003
l/c/d
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
Carlow Co Co
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23

Table 5 Total P =5mg/l - Larger Works

BOD
P
MRP
200
25
5
2.5
ot
he
ru
se
WTTW PE = 3000
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
5.76
4.34 0.434
7.20
3.47 0.347
8.64
2.89 0.289
10.80
2.31 0.231
14.40
1.74 0.174
18.00
1.39 0.139
21.60
1.16 0.116
25.20
0.99 0.099
28.80
0.87 0.087
36.00
0.69 0.069
43.20
0.58 0.058
50.40
0.50 0.050
57.60
0.43 0.043
64.80
0.39 0.039
72.00
0.35 0.035
86.40
0.29 0.029
100.80
0.25 0.025
115.20
0.22 0.022
129.60
0.19 0.019
144.00
0.17 0.017
216.00
0.12 0.012
288.00
0.09 0.009
360.00
0.07 0.007
nt
o
f c Fo
op r i
yr ns
ig pe
ht ct
ow ion
ne pu
r r rp
eq os
ui es
re o
d nl
fo y.
ra
ny
WTTW PE = 2500
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
6.91
3.62 0.362
8.64
2.89 0.289
10.37
2.41 0.241
12.96
1.93 0.193
17.28
1.45 0.145
21.60
1.16 0.116
25.92
0.96 0.096
30.24
0.83 0.083
34.56
0.72 0.072
43.20
0.58 0.058
51.84
0.48 0.048
60.48
0.41 0.041
69.12
0.36 0.036
77.76
0.32 0.032
86.40
0.29 0.029
103.68
0.24 0.024
120.96
0.21 0.021
138.24
0.18 0.018
155.52
0.16 0.016
172.80
0.14 0.014
259.20
0.10 0.010
345.60
0.07 0.007
432.00
0.06 0.006
se
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1500
2000
2500
2000
WTTW PE =
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
8.64
2.89 0.289
10.80
2.31 0.231
12.96
1.93 0.193
16.20
1.54 0.154
21.60
1.16 0.116
Sample
27.00
0.93 0.093
95%ile
32.40
0.77 0.077
Flow
37.80
0.66 0.066
43.20
0.58 0.058
54.00
0.46 0.046
64.80
0.39 0.039
75.60
0.33 0.033
86.40
0.29 0.029
97.20
0.26 0.026
108.00
0.23 0.023
129.60
0.19 0.019
151.20
0.17 0.017
172.80
0.14 0.014
194.40
0.13 0.013
Expected
216.00
0.12 0.012
50%ile
324.00
0.08 0.008
Flow
432.00
0.06 0.006
540.00
0.05 0.005
Co
n
River Flow
l/s
WTTW PE = 4000
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
4.32
5.79 0.579
5.40
4.63 0.463
6.48
3.86 0.386
8.10
3.09 0.309
10.80
2.31 0.231
13.50
1.85 0.185
16.20
1.54 0.154
18.90
1.32 0.132
21.60
1.16 0.116
27.00
0.93 0.093
32.40
0.77 0.077
37.80
0.66 0.066
43.20
0.58 0.058
48.60
0.51 0.051
54.00
0.46 0.046
64.80
0.39 0.039
75.60
0.33 0.033
86.40
0.29 0.029
97.20
0.26 0.026
108.00
0.23 0.023
162.00
0.15 0.015
216.00
0.12 0.012
270.00
0.09 0.009
WTTW PE = 5000
Dilution
BOD
MRP
mg/l
mg/l
3.46
7.23 0.723
4.32
5.79 0.579
5.18
4.82 0.482
6.48
3.86 0.386
8.64
2.89 0.289
10.80
2.31 0.231
12.96
1.93 0.193
15.12
1.65 0.165
17.28
1.45 0.145
21.60
1.16 0.116
25.92
0.96 0.096
30.24
0.83 0.083
34.56
0.72 0.072
38.88
0.64 0.064
43.20
0.58 0.058
51.84
0.48 0.048
60.48
0.41 0.041
69.12
0.36 0.036
77.76
0.32 0.032
86.40
0.29 0.029
129.60
0.19 0.019
172.80
0.14 0.014
216.00
0.12 0.012
l/c/d
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
Carlow Co Co
EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:23

Water Treatment Control Philosophy

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Water Treatment Control Philosophy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

.

FENNAGH WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT

TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH P+ID PLAN (Rev. 02)

CARLOW COUNTY COUNCIL

Prepared by: Declan Mc Carthy

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:12

Tags and codes in P+ID plans ....................................................................................... 6

Forward Feed Pumping Station.................................................................................... 11

Storm Tank .................................................................................................................. 13

Clarifier and RAS/ WAS Pumps ................................................................................... 17

Sludge Holding Tanks (SHT)........................................................................................ 20

Tertiary Filter Feed Sump............................................................................................. 21

Tertiary Treatment Filter............................................................................................... 23

Final Effluent P.S ......................................................................................................... 26

10. Ferric Dosing................................................................................................................ 28

Fennagh WWTP Ref No. 1728

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:12

The process control description is based on the following P+ID drawing:

P&ID Fennagh Waste Water Treatment Plant

Fennagh WWTP Ref No. 1728

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:12

Waste Water Treatment Plant

compacted prior to disposal into a skip.

Fennagh WWTP Ref No. 1728

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13

Fennagh WWTP Ref No. 1728

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13

II. ABBREVIATIONS LIST

P&ID = Process & Instrumentation Diagram

RAS = Return Activated Sludge

WAS = Waste Activated Sludge

Fennagh WWTP Ref No. 1728

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13

III. TAGS AND CODES IN P+ID PLANS

Tags for equipment instruments are specified as follows:

Unit No. (e.g. inlet works,

Letter codes for identification function of plant / equipment instruments as follows:

Display of state (e.g. motor running)

Time or time programme

Pressure (analysis, concentration, conductivity, etc.)

Additional specifications (used as first letter; OC = Open / Close

Fennagh WWTP Ref No. 1728

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13

Alarm raised locally and at the county councils head office.

Urgent (Over flow, pump fail to start, etc)

Alarm raised locally and at the county councils head office.

automatically becomes the duty pump. A priority 2 alarm is raised.

Fennagh WWTP Ref No. 1728

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13

(Levels to be set during commissioning)

A 0-24 hour timer is used to initiate the process timer.

(01-AB01) and (01-SC04) starts running for 0-60 minutes.

Fennagh WWTP Ref No. 1728

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13

wash water pumps (07-P03/

3-way actuated valve

Fennagh WWTP Ref No. 1728

Controlled by local timer

EPA Export 26-07-2013:11:36:13

2. FORWARD FEED PUMPING STATION

The pumping station receives flows from:

located in the wet well.