Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Renal Disease
Renal Disease
Kidneys are the organs that help filter waste products from the
blood.
Healthy Kidneys:
Occurrence
The number of hospitalizations that included an AKI
diagnosis rose from 3,942 in 1996 to 23,052 in
2008.
The percentage of AKI diagnoses that required
dialysis declined from 13.39 in 1996 to 2.25 in
2008.
The incidence (# of new cases of a disease within a
given time period) of CKD is increasing most rapidly
in people ages 65 and older.
The prevalence (# of existing cases of a disease
within a given time period) of CKD is growing most
rapidly in people ages 60 and older.
ESRD incident rates are more than three times
higher for African Americans than for Caucasians.
At the end of 2009, more than 871,000 people were
being treated for ESRD.
Treatment
Treatment for acute and chronic kidney disease: involves
identifying the illness that damaged the kidney and controlling
the underlying cause through treatment to balance amount of
fluids in the blood, medication to control blood potassium and
calcium levels, and even dialysis to remove toxins from blood
Treatments for end-stage renal disease: dialysis or
transplantation.
Two major types of dialysis:
In hemodialysis, blood is run through an external filter and the clean
blood is returned to the body.
Hemodialysis is usually done at a dialysis center three times a week.
Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of your abdominal cavity (the space
in your body that holds organs like the stomach, intestines, and liver)
to filter your blood.
This kind of dialysis is needed daily but it can be performed at home,
while you sleep.
A kidney transplant is an operation that places a healthy kidney in
your body. The transplanted kidney takes over the work of the two
kidneys that failed, and you no longer need dialysis.
Medications Used in
Treatment
Controlling blood pressure is also very
important for people with kidney disease.
Several types of medicine that help people
keep their blood pressure in a healthy range.
Two kinds of medicines:
ACEi (angiotensin converting enzyme
inhibitors)
ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) which
also help to protect the kidneys.
Contraindications for
Dental Treatment
Patients should avoid any elective dental
treatment within first 6 months after
transplantation
Prescription of aminoglycoside and tetracycline
should be avoided in chronic renal failure due
to nephrotoxicity
Avoid aspirin (possess antiplatelet activity)
Avoid NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, and
indomethacin) generate a hypertensive effect
Effects of Medication on
Oral Health
Cyclosporine and calcium channel blockers
contribute to gingival hyperplasia, which is
exacerbated by poor oral hygiene
Periodontal Management
Consultation with physician to provide information on the state of the
disease and the best timing of dental treatment
Close cooperation between medical and dental professional is desirable to
improve oral and general health of patient
Complete blood count should be obtained, together with coagulation tests
Essential to eliminate any infection in the oral cavity as soon as possible
with consideration of antibiotic prophylaxis when bleeding
For transplant patient: meticulous pretransplant dental care; high risk for
local infection related to dentition once they take immunosuppressive
meds; can compromise transplanted organ
Frequent dentist visit for calculus removal and reduce risk or oral infection
because they form more rapidly
Monitor blood pressure before and during treatment with admin. Of
sedation to lessen anxiety
Answers
1.
2.
3. Correct answer: A
References
"Dental Health for People with Kidney Disease." - DaVita.
N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014.
"National Kidney and Urologic DiseasesInformation
Clearinghouse
(NKUDIC)." Kidney Diseases Statistics
for the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014.
"Acute Kidney Failure." Treatments and Drugs. N.p., n.d.
Web. 29 Nov. 2014.
"National Kidney and Urologic DiseasesInformation
Clearinghouse
(NKUDIC)." Kidney Diseases Statistics
for the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014.
"Kidney Disease: Early Detection and Treatment." U.S
National Library of
Medicine. U.S. National Library of
Medicine, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014.