International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]

Modeling and Simulation of PMSG Based

WECS
Jamuna V

Baskar M

SenthoorSelvam D

Dept. of EEE
Dept. of EEE
Dept. of EEE
Jerusalem College of Engineering, Jerusalem College of Engineering, Jerusalem College of Engineering,
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
selvam.senthoor@rediffmail.com
mgbaskar2002@gmail.com
jamuna_22@yahoo.com
Abstract: This paper presents the modeling of PMSG based wind
energy conversion systems (WECS) using MATLAB Simulink.
This model contains the wind turbine, PMSG, diode rectifier,
DCDC converter (Buck Boost) and SPWM based inverter.
Due to the wind fluctuations, output voltage varies continuously.
Buck - boost
chopper can be controlled to maintain the
constant dc voltage. The SPWM based inverter produces the
constant output voltage with constant frequency for the stand
alone load (Remote locations, Island, Hills Stations etc). The
simulation results show that the developed model complies with
the theoretical results. The PI controller maintains constant
output voltage .
Key Words Permanent magnet synchronous generator , Sinusoidal
pulse width modulation , Wind energy conversion system .

I INTRODUCTION

HE Demand for electricity increases in recent years,

which can be fulfilled by renewable energy resources.
Fossil fuel also produces the non toxic gases that may
pollute the atmosphere and produce the global warming. The
remote location, that is isolated with transmission network,
satisfies the power demand only by renewable energy sources.
The most popular and widely used renewable energy sources
are wind energy and solar energy. Wind energy has a lower
installation costs compared to the solar energy. The wind
energy is converted in to mechanical energy and then to
electrical energy by means of wind energy system. The
variation in wind speed decides the output power. Due to the
variations, it is difficult to maintain the turbine output power
and also constant output and maximum power output for all
wind speed conditions [1] [3].
In the wind turbine system, two types of power
generations like fixed speed and Variable speed power
generations are used. Instead of fixed speed power generation,
variable speed power generation is most popular. Energy
captured by variable speed power generation is higher then the
fixed speed power generation. The most popular system for
variable speed wind energy conversion system is the doubly
fed induction generators (DFIG) or direct drive permanent
magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). The PMSG has the
more attention because of small in size and low installation
cost. PMSG works at low speed without decreasing the
efficiency, thus usage of gear box can be avoided [4] [5]. The

Buck or Boost converters are used to give the Variable DC

Voltage. Controllers give the constant output voltage [6]-[7].
In the present method the buck or boost converters
are replaced by buck-boost converter to maintain the constant
output. PI controller is used to give the constant dc voltage for
charging the Battery. Finally, WECS is simulated for different
wind speeds and the outputs are obtained.
II MODELING OF WECS
The configuration of wind energy conversion system is
shown in Fig 1. Wind turbine converts kinetic energy in to
mechanical energy then it is converted in to an electrical
energy using PMSG. Output of the PMSG is converted in to
DC using Diode rectifier. Buck-Boost Chopper charges the
battery. The three phase SPWM based inverter converts the
controllable DC in to controllable AC and it is given to the
local distributor networks. PI controller ensures the constant
output voltage.
Wind Speed
Wind
Turbine

VRdc Buck
Vdc 3
3
Boost
Diode
SPWM
Converter
Rectifier
Inverter

PMSG

Controller
Circuit

Load

Vdc Ref
+

Fig .1. Configuration of PMSG Based WECS

A. Wind Turbine Model

The kinetic energy stored in the wind is given by
1
= 2
(1)
2
Total mass m of the air particles for the time period t is given
by
= t
(2)
Where is the air density, A is the swept area of the turbine
blades, Vw is wind speed, R is radius of the wind turbine
blades. Substitute the eqn (2) in to eqn (1)
1
= 2 3 t
(3)
2

The actual wind power can be expressed as follows

ISBN 978-93-80609-17-1
280

International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]

E
1
= 2 3
(4)
t
2
Pwind is the power available in the wind. The relation between
the power that captured by wind turbine and the potential of
maximum power in the wind is
Pwind =

PTurbine
(5)
Pwind
Cpis the aerodynamic power coefficient which is a function of
the pitch angle and the tip speed ratio . Since and Aare
constant parameters, the wind turbine can produce maximum
power at a certain wind speed only when the turbine operates
at the maximum Cp. A generic equation is used to express Cp.
This equation is based on the turbine characteristics.[8]
CP =

Cp , = C1
With

1
+0.08

C 5
C2
C3 C4 e + C6

0.035
3 +1

(6)
Fig. 3.Equivalent Circuits of PMSG

(7)

The e.m.f Ed and Eq on the d and q axis respectively

are expressed by:

where is blade pitch angle, and is defined by,

m R
(8)
Vw
,is the tip speed ratio , m is an angular speed of the wind
turbine and C1 C6 are the coefficients depends upon the
wind turbine. Now the power captured by the wind turbine,
=

PTurbine =

1
2 ( , )3
2

(9)

(12)

= +
(13)
The mechanical power developed is expressed as:
3
= . . ( . + ( ) .
(14)
2
The electromagnetic torque Te developed is
expressed as:
3 = . . . + . . ( )
( 15)
2 2
In permanent magnet machines, the smooth rotor, the
reluctance is equal along the axis d and the axis q.
Substituting Lq = Ld into equation (15), the equation
becomes:
3 = . . .
(16)
2 2

Fig .2. Characteristics B/w

In this,V is the turbine angular velocity and R is the

turbine radius. In small wind turbine generation systems, is
rarely changed.
B. PMSG
The dynamic equations of three-phase PMSG
machine without saliency in dq synchronous frame can be
written as follows.
As the PMSG machine is operated in generator
mode, the current in the stator winding will be in opposite
direction. According to the dq plane, the equivalent diagram of
the PMSG in generator mode is given in fig 3.
By incorporating this current direction, the voltage
equations in generator mode can be written as follows:

=
+
(10)

= +
+ + (11)

The electromagnetic torqueTe is directly proportional

to stator current along q axis ( iq ), so the electromagnetic
torque can be controlled by controlling this current.
C. Diode rectifier
The rectifier circuit employs the three phase diode
bridge. The impedance of supply lines is assumed to be low
and it is neglected. A distorted three phase voltage system
supplies the rectifier with a balanced input. The PMSG output
is then rectified by means of three phase rectifier whose
output voltage can be given as
3 2
Vrec =
V
(17)
rms
D. Buck-boost Converter
Buck boost converter is shown in the Fig. 4. Dc
voltage Vrec , may be greater than or less than the input
voltage. The output voltage Vdc and output current Idc are given
as
k
Vdc =
V
(18)
1 k rec

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International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]

1k
I
(19)
k rec
where k is the duty ratio. In order to achieve continuous
current the inductor is properly chosen and included. As stated
above, Vdc polarity is opposite to that of input voltage as k
changes between 0 and 1.
Idc =

converter is connected with three phase inverter as well as

energy storage device. The output voltages of PMSG, Three
Phase diode Rectifier , Buck Boost converter and Three phase
inverter for different wind speeds as shown in the Fig 9 - 11.
Load side cannot get the constant output voltage and
frequency. This problem can be rectified by introducing a
controller circuit at the Buck Boost converter. Fig 12 - 14
shows that the simulated output of Buck Boost converter and
three phase SPWM inverter with controller circuit gives the
constant output voltage by controlling duty cycle of the
chopper and gives the constant frequency by controlling the
width of the pulse using SPWM. After 4.2 sec, the wind speed
becomes zero, now the battery acts as a source for the
Inverter.

Fig .4 . Circuit Diagram of Buck Boost Rectifier

To get a constant DC output voltage, the value of k in

the converter is varied with difference in the reference output
voltage and actual output voltage at various wind speed. As
the losses are eliminated, the buck-boost converter maintains
the constant power like other DC converters. The constant dc
voltage for the three phase SPWM inverter is provided by the
combination of buck-boost converter with the voltage control
loop [9].The buck-boost converter along with the voltage
control loop maintains a constant dc voltage to the three-phase
SPWM inverter.

Fig . 5 .Simulated output of wind speed as step input

E. SPWM Inverter
Instead of, maintaining the uniform width of all pulses,
the width of each pulse is varied in proportion to the
amplitude of a sine wave. The distortion factor and lower
order harmonics are reduced significantly. The gating signals
are generated by comparing a sinusoidal reference signal with
a triangular carrier wave of frequency fc.The modulation
index, m, is given by
m=

Vcontrol
Vtri

Fig. 6 . Output Line Voltage of PMSG

(20)
Fig. 7. Output Voltage of Three Phase Diode Rectifier

Where Vcontrol is the peak amplitude of control

mf =

(21)

IV CONCLUSION

III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Matlab-Simulink diagram of PMSG-based
WECS is shown in fig 8.The sampling time used for the
simulation is 5 sec. The wind velocity of 7 m/s is taken as a
base speed for the period of (0.2 - 2.1)sec & (3.4 - 4.2)sec,
fluctuations in the wind speed are taken between 2 m/s 9 m/s
for the period of (2.1 3.4)sec. The generated voltages in the
PMSG are 125 V for base wind speed, 75 V 220 V during
the wind fluctuations as shown in Fig 5 7. Three phase diode
rectifier produces the corresponding DC voltages and the
same is supplied to buck-Boost converter. The buck boost

This paper illustrates a closed loop strategy of a

variable-speed wind turbine generator system with PMSG.
The obtained constant DC voltage from buck-boost converter
is fed as an input voltage to the inverter at variable wind
speeds. Then the pulse width can be varied to control
frequency of the ac output voltage. Inverter produces the
constant output voltage and frequency presented Direct
Voltage Control for a Stand-Alone Wind-Driven PMSG. The
Simulation is successfully done and open loop / closed loop
simulation results are presented. The Simulation results
coincide with the theoretical results.

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International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]

Fig . 8. Simulated Circuit diagram of PMSG based WECS

Fig. 9. Output Voltage of Buck Boost Converter Without Controller

Fig. 12. Output Voltage of Buck Boost Converter With Controller

Fig. 10. Output Voltage of SPWM based Inverter Without Controller

Fig. 13. Output Voltage of SPWM based Inverter With Controller

Fig. 11. Output Current of SPWM based Inverter Without Controller

Fig. 14. Output Current of SPWM based Inverter With Controller

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank our Management and

Principal and staff members for their consistent
encouragement and providing with necessary facilities to carry
out this research work and also like to thank the Department
of EEE for the facilities rendered for this work.

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International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]

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