‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻹﻣﺘﺤﺎن اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺴﺎدس‬

‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪورة اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ‪2005 / 06 / 10‬‬ ‫ورزازات‬

‫أﺳﺌﻠﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ,‬اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪. ( E ) : z − 2 (1 + 2i ) z + 1 + 4i = 0 :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) ‪ ( E‬هﻮ ‪∆′ = b ′2 − ac = (1 + 2i ) − 1. (1 + 4i ) = 1 + 4i − 4 − 1 − 4i = −4 = ( 2i ) :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪−b ′ − α 1 + 2i − 2i‬‬ ‫‪−b ′ + α 1 + 2i + 2i‬‬

‫= ‪z2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪ z1‬و ‪= 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫إذن ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) ‪ ( E‬ﺣﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ هﻤﺎ ‪= 1 + 4i :‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ α = 2i‬هﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺠﺬرﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﻌﻘﺪي ‪ . ∆′‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺣﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) ‪ ( E‬هﻲ ‪. S = {1,1 + 4i } :‬‬
‫‪3 +i‬‬ ‫‪3 1‬‬ ‫⎞ ‪⎛π‬‬ ‫⎤ ‪⎛π ⎞ ⎡ π‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫⎥ ‪+ i = cos ⎜ ⎟ + i sin ⎜ ⎟ = ⎢1,‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2 2‬‬ ‫⎠‪⎝6‬‬ ‫⎦‪⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎣ 6‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪⎛ 3 +i‬‬
‫⎞‬ ‫⎤‪⎡ π‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪⎡ 12‬‬ ‫⎤‪π‬‬
‫‪⎟⎟ = ⎢1, ⎥ = ⎢1 ,12 × ⎥ = [1, 2π ] = [1, 0] = 1‬‬
‫⎜⎜‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﻮاﻓﺮ ‪ ,‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎝ 2‬‬
‫⎠‬ ‫⎦‪⎣ 6‬‬ ‫⎣‬ ‫⎦‪6‬‬
‫⎧‬ ‫‪1 3‬‬
‫‪⎪⎪u (x ) = 3 x‬‬ ‫‪⎧u ′(x ) = x 2‬‬
‫⎨ ‪.‬‬ ‫⎨ إذن ‪ :‬و‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ :‬و‬
‫‪⎪v ′(x ) = 1‬‬ ‫‪⎩v (x ) = ln x‬‬
‫⎩⎪‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪ u‬و ‪ v‬داﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺘﻴﻦ وﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ] ‪ [1,e‬و ‪ u ′‬و ‪ v ′‬داﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ] ‪ . [1,e‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﺰاء ‪ ,‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪e‬‬
‫‪e‬‬
‫‪⎡1‬‬ ‫‪⎤ 1 e‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫⎦⎤ ‪x ln(x )dx = ∫ u ′(x )v (x )dx = [u (x ).v (x ) ] − ∫ u (x )v ′(x )dx = ⎢ x 3 ln(x ) ⎥ − ∫ x 2dx = e 3 − ⎡⎣ x 3‬‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬
‫∫‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪⎣3‬‬ ‫‪⎦1 3 1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪2e 3 + 1‬‬

‫∫‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪x 2 ln(x )dx‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬

‫‪(x − 1)′‬‬
‫= ‪ . 2dt‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ x = 1 + t 2 :‬و‬
‫‪dx‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬
‫= ‪ dt‬إذن‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪′‬‬
‫= ‪x − 1 dx‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪2 x −1‬‬
‫= ‪dx‬‬
‫‪1 dx‬‬
‫‪2 x −1‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ , t = x − 1 :‬إذن ‪:‬‬

‫‪ x‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ]‪ [ 2, 4‬ﻧﺤﻮ ⎦⎤ ‪ ⎡⎣1, 3‬وﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﺷﺘﻘﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ]‪. ( [ 2, 4‬‬ ‫‪ x = 2 ⇔ t = 1‬و ‪x −1 ) . x = 4 ⇔ t = 3‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ ‪ ,‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫∫‬‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪dx‬‬
‫‪x x −1‬‬
‫∫‪= 2‬‬
‫‪3 dt‬‬

‫‪1 1+ t‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪= 2 [ Arc tan(t )]1 = 2 Arc tan‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪( 3 ) − Arc tan (1) ) = 2 ⎝⎛⎜ π3 − π4 ⎠⎞⎟ = π6‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪: 1‬‬
‫‪(P ) : x + y − 3 = 0‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪ ( S ) : ( x − 1) + y 2 + ( z − 1) = 2 :‬؛ إذن ) ‪ ( S‬ﻓﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﺮآﺰهﺎ )‪ Ω (1, 0,1‬وﺷﻌﺎﻋﻬﺎ ‪ , R = 2‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1+ 0 − 3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫= ) ) ‪, d ( Ω, ( P‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫وﺑﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ Ω‬و اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪ ( P‬ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪= 2 = R :‬‬
‫‪1 +1 + 0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪ ( P‬ﻣﻤﺎس ﻟﻠﻔﻠﻜﺔ ) ‪. ( S‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ) ‪ n P (1,1, 0‬ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪ , ( P‬إذن ‪ n P‬ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ∆ ( اﻟﻤﺎر ﻣﻦ ‪ Ω‬واﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪. ( P‬‬
‫‪⎧x = 1 + α‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫) ‪ H ( x , y , z‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻤﺎس اﻟﻔﻠﻜﺔ ) ‪ ( S‬و اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ) ‪. ( P‬‬ ‫∈ ‪ . ⎨ y = α / α‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺑﺎراﻣﺘﺮي ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ) ∆ ( هﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎪z = 1‬‬
‫⎩‬
‫‪⎧x = 1 + 1 = 2‬‬
‫⎪‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪H ( 2,1,1‬‬ ‫‪ ⎨ y = 1‬؛ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ H ∈ ( ∆ ) ∩ ( P ) :‬؛ إذن ‪ 1 + α + α − 3 = 0 ⇒ α = 1‬وﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎪z = 1‬‬
‫⎩‬

‫‪-1-‬‬
 ‫‪B B B‬‬ ‫‪N N N N N N N‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻧﺴﺤﺐ ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻴﺎ وﺗﺂﻧﻴﺎ آﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق ؛ إذن اﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻔﺎت ﻟﻜﺮﺗﻴﻦ واﻟﺮﻣﺰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪. C np‬‬
‫‪ " : A‬اﻟﻜﺮﺗﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮﺑﺘﺎن ﻟﻮﻧﻬﻤﺎ أﺳﻮد "؛ ) ‪ ": B .( NN‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﺮﺗﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮﺑﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ آﺮة ﻟﻮﻧﻬﺎ أﺑﻴﺾ "؛ )‪ BN‬أو‪( BB‬‬
‫‪21 7‬‬ ‫‪A 2 10 × 9‬‬ ‫‪A 2 7×6‬‬ ‫‪C2‬‬
‫= ) ‪p (A‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪ . C 102 = 10‬وﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫= ‪ C 72 = 7‬و ‪= 45‬‬ ‫إﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺪث ‪ A‬هﻮ‪ p ( A ) = 72 :‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪= 21 :‬‬
‫‪45 15‬‬ ‫‪2! 1× 2‬‬ ‫‪2! 1× 2‬‬ ‫‪C 10‬‬
‫‪C 31 ×C 71 + C 32 3 × 7 + 3 3 × 8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫= ) ‪ ) p ( B‬ﺳﺤﺐ آﺮة ﺑﻴﻀﺎء وآﺮة ﺳﻮداء أو ﺳﺤﺐ آﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻀﺎوﻳﻦ(‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫إﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺪث‪ B‬هﻮ‪:‬‬
‫‪C 10‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﺷﺠﺮة اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪3 1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪9 3‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪N. B B B‬‬ ‫‪NNNNNN‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪6 2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫‪9 3‬‬
‫‪C 31‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫= ‪. p (C ) = 1‬‬ ‫‪ ": C‬اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ آﺮة ﺑﻴﻀﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺤﺒﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ " ‪ .‬إﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺪث ‪ C‬هﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪C 10 10‬‬
‫‪ ": D‬اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ آﺮة ﺑﻴﻀﺎء " ‪ .‬إﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺪث ‪: D‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ C‬و ‪ C‬ﺣﺪﺛﺎن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻤﺎن واﺗﺤﺎدهﻤﺎ ‪ Ω‬؛ إذن ‪ C‬و ‪ C‬ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎن ﺗﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎء ‪ Ω‬؛ وﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺈن اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺪث ‪ D‬هﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫) (‬ ‫) (‬
‫) ‪p ( D ) = p (C ) × pC ( D ) + p C × pC ( D ) = p ( D ∩ C ) + p C × pC ( D ) = p (C ) + p C × pC ( D‬‬
‫‪C 31 3 1‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬ ‫= ) ‪pC ( D‬‬ ‫= =‬
‫‪C 91 9 3‬‬
‫و‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪p C = 1 − p (C ) = 1 −‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪10 10‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫و‬ ‫= ) ‪p (C‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫وﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪:‬‬

‫‪3 7 1 9 + 7 16‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫= ) ‪p (D‬‬ ‫= × ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪10 10 3‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30 15‬‬
‫) ‪∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ g (x ) = x − 1 − ln(x ); h (x ) = x + ( x − 2 ) ln(x‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ‪:‬‬
‫‪1 x −1‬‬
‫= ‪. g ′(x ) = ( x − 1 − ln(x ) )′ = 1 −‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬أ( ﻟﻴﻜﻦ [∞‪ , x ∈ ]0, +‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪x −1‬‬
‫⇔ ‪ . g ′(x ) = 0‬ﺟﺪول ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ‪ g‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞‪: ]0, +‬‬ ‫وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪= 0 ⇔ x − 1 = 0 ⇔ x = 1 :‬‬
‫‪x‬‬

‫‪-2-‬‬
‫ب( – ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ g‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ وﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ]‪ ]0,1‬؛ إذن [∞‪ g ( ]0,1]) = ⎡⎢ g (1), lim+ g (x ) ⎡⎢ = [ 0, +‬و ‪. ∀x ∈ ]0,1] : g (x ) ≥ 0‬‬
‫⎣‬ ‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫⎣‬
‫‪ -‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪ g‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ وﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞‪ [1, +‬؛ إذن [∞‪ g ([1, +∞[ ) = ⎡ g (1), lim g (x ) ⎡ = [ 0, +‬وﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬
‫⎣‬ ‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫⎣‬
‫‪∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ : g (x ) ≥ 0‬‬ ‫‪ . ∀x ∈ [1, +∞[ : g (x ) ≥ 0‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬
‫‪( ∀x ∈ ]0,1[ ∪ ]1, +∞[ : g (x ) > 0‬‬ ‫) ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﻴﻦ [‪ ]0,1‬و [∞‪ ]1, +‬؛ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (2‬أ( ﻟﻴﻜﻦ [∞‪ . x ∈ ]0, +‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪h (x ) = x + (x − 2) ln(x ) = 1 + x − 1 − ln(x ) + (x − 1) ln(x ) = 1 + g (x ) + (x − 1) ln(x ) :‬‬
‫‪⎧x ≥ 1‬‬ ‫‪⎧x − 1 ≥ 0‬‬
‫⎨ ⇒ [∞‪x ∈ [1, +‬‬ ‫⎨⇒‬ ‫‪⇒ (x − 1) ln(x ) ≥ 0‬‬ ‫ب( ﻟﻴﻜﻦ [∞‪ . x ∈ ]0, +‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎩ln(x ) ≥ 0 ⎩ln(x ) ≥ 0‬‬
‫‪⎧0 < x ≤ 1 ⎧ x − 1 ≤ 0‬‬
‫⎨ ⇒ ]‪x ∈ ]0,1‬‬ ‫⎨⇒‬ ‫‪⇒ (x − 1) ln(x ) ≥ 0‬‬
‫‪⎩ln(x ) ≤ 0 ⎩ln(x ) ≤ 0‬‬
‫‪∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ : (x − 1) ln(x ) ≥ 0‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ [∞‪ . x ∈ ]0, +‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ , (x − 1) ln(x ) ≥ 0 :‬ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ – 2‬ب ؛ و ‪ , g (x ) ≥ 0‬ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ – 1‬ب ‪ .‬إذن ‪:‬‬
‫‪∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ : h (x ) > 0‬‬ ‫‪ . h (x ) = 1 + g (x ) + (x − 1) ln(x ) ≥ 1 > 0‬ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫) ) ‪∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ : f (x ) = 1 + x ln(x ) − ( ln(x‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬أ( ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ lim+ f (x ) = lim+ 1 + x ln(x ) − ( ln x ) = −∞ :‬؛ ﻷن ‪ lim+ x ln x = 0‬و ∞‪. lim+ ln x = −‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫‪x →0‬‬ ‫‪x →0‬‬

‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ هﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪ (C ) :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻪ ‪. x = 0‬‬

‫‪ln x‬‬ ‫⎞ ‪⎛ ln x‬‬
‫‪ lim f (x ) = lim 1 + x ln(x ) − ( ln x ) = lim 1 + x ln x ⎜1 −‬؛ﻷن ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫ب( ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪⎟ = +∞ :‬‬
‫‪x →+∞ x‬‬ ‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫∞‪x →+‬‬
‫⎝‬ ‫⎠ ‪x‬‬
‫) ‪1 + x ln(x ) − ( ln x‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫⎞ ‪⎛ ln x‬‬
‫‪. lim‬‬ ‫‪= lim‬‬ ‫‪= lim + ln x ⎜1 −‬‬ ‫‪ . xlim‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪⎟ = +∞ :‬‬ ‫و ∞‪x ln x = +‬‬
‫∞‪x →+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪→+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪→+‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫⎝‬ ‫⎠ ‪x‬‬ ‫∞‪→+‬‬

‫ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ هﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪ (C ) :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﺎ ﺷﻠﺠﻤﻴﺎ ﺑﺠﻮار ∞‪ , +‬إﺗﺠﺎهﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻷراﺗﻴﺐ ‪.‬‬

‫(‬
‫) ‪f ′(x ) = 1 + x ln x − ( ln x‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪)′ = ln x + x × x1 − 2 × x1 × ln x‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬أ( ﻟﻴﻜﻦ [∞‪ . x ∈ ]0, +‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪ln x x ln x + x − 2 ln x x + (x − 2) ln x h (x‬‬
‫‪= ln x + 1 − 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫) ‪h (x‬‬
‫= ) ‪∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ : f ′(x‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫) ‪h (x‬‬
‫= ) ‪ . ∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ : f ′(x‬إذن ‪ f‬ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞‪. ]0, +‬‬ ‫ب( ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺴﺆال )‪ ( 3‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ؛ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪> 0 :‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪ (3‬أ( ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس ) ∆ ( ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪ (C‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪ A (1,1‬هﻲ ‪ y = f ′(1)(x − 1) + f (1) :‬أي ‪ y = (x − 1) + 1‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪. y = x‬‬
‫)‪f (x ) − x = 1 + x ln x − ( ln x ) − x = 1 − ( ln x ) + x ( ln x − 1‬‬ ‫ب( ﻟﻴﻜﻦ [∞‪ . x ∈ ]0, +‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫) ‪= (1 − ln x )(1 + ln x ) + x ( ln x − 1) = ( ln x − 1)( x − 1 − ln x ) = ( ln x − 1) g (x‬‬

‫‪-3-‬‬
 ‫‪⎧ln x = 1‬‬ ‫‪⎧x = e‬‬
‫⎨ ⇔ ‪ . f (x ) − x = 0‬إذن ‪ (C ) :‬و ) ∆ ( ﻳﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ‪ A‬و ) ‪. B (e , e‬‬ ‫⎨⇔‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎩ g (x ) = 0‬‬ ‫‪⎩x = 1‬‬
‫‪⎧x ≥ e ⇒ ln x ≥ 1 ⇒ ln x − 1 ≥ 0‬‬
‫⎨ ‪∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ :‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ 3‬ب ‪ ,‬إﺷﺎرة ‪ f (x ) − x‬هﻲ إﺷﺎرة ‪ . ln x − 1‬وﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪:‬‬
‫‪⎩0 < x ≤ e ⇒ ln x ≤ 1 ⇒ ln x − 1 ≤ 0‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن ‪ (C ) ⇐ ∀x ∈ [e , +∞[ : f (x ) − x ≥ 0 :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻮق ) ∆ ( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞‪. [e , +‬‬
‫و ‪ (C ) ⇐ ∀x ∈ ]0, e ] , f (x ) − x ≤ 0 :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ) ∆ ( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ] ‪. ]0,e‬‬
‫‪ (4‬إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ) ‪: (C‬‬

‫‪⎧⎪u 0 = e‬‬
‫⎨‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫∈ ‪⎪⎩u n +1 = f (u n ) ; n‬‬
‫∈ ‪ , n‬ﻧﻔﺘﺮض أن ‪ 1 < u n < e‬وﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن ‪ 1 < u n +1 < e‬؟‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ‪ , n = 0‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ , u 0 = e‬إذن ‪ . 1 < u 0 < e :‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪ 1 < u n < e‬وأن ‪ f‬ﺗﺰاﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ] ‪ [1,e‬؛ ﻓﺈن ‪ f (1) < f (u n ) < f (e ) :‬أي ‪. 1 < u n +1 < e :‬‬
‫∈ ‪. ∀n‬‬ ‫‪: 1 < un < e‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻊ ‪ ,‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫∈ ‪∀n‬‬ ‫∈ ‪ ∀n‬؛ إذن ‪: f (u n ) − u n < 0 :‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن ‪ 3 – II ) ∀x ∈ ]1, e [ : f (x ) − x < 0 :‬ج ( وأن ‪: 1 < u n < e‬‬
‫∈ ‪ . ∀n‬وهﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن ∈‪ (u n )n‬ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫أي‪: u n +1 − u n < 0 :‬‬
‫‪ f‬و )‪ (u n )n∈ (iv‬ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ f‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ] ‪ [1,e‬و )‪([1, e ]) = [1,e ] (iii‬‬ ‫∈ ‪ ∀n‬و )‪(ii‬‬ ‫‪ (3‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ )‪: u n ∈ ]1, e [ (i‬‬
‫وﻣﺼﻐﻮرة ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪد ‪ 1‬؛ إذن ∈‪ (u n )n‬ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ‪ l‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ‪ . f (l ) = l :‬وﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ l = e‬أو ‪) f (l ) = l ⇔ f (l ) − l = 0 ⇔ ( ln l − 1) g (l ) = 0 ⇔ l = 1‬أﻧﻈﺮ ‪ - 3 II‬ب و ‪ – 3‬ج (‬
‫‪lim u n = 1‬‬ ‫∈ ‪ ∀n‬؛ ﻓﺈن ‪ . l ≤ u 0 = e‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن ‪. l = 1 :‬‬ ‫وﺑﻤﺎ أن ‪: n ≥ 0 ⇒ u n ≤ u 0 = e :‬‬
‫∞‪n →+‬‬

‫‪-4-‬‬