How Cell

Phones Work
Jan 20,2015

Device for voice communication

Alexander Graham Bell (1876)

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Basic Concept
Cellular system developed to provide mobile

telephony: telephone access anytime,

anywhere.
First mobile telephone system was developed

and inaugurated in the U.S. in 1945 in St.

Louis, MO.
This was a simplified version of the system

used today.

First Mobile Telephone

System
One and only one
high power base
station with which all
users communicate.
Normal
Telephone
System

Entire Coverage
Area
Wired connection

The Core Idea: Cellular

Concept
The core idea that led to todays system was

the cellular concept.

The cellular concept: multiple lower-power
base stations that service mobile users within
their coverage area and handoff users to
neighboring base stations as users move.
Together base stations tessellate the system
coverage area.

3 Core Principles
Small cells tessellate overall coverage area.
Users handoff as they move from one cell to

another.
Frequency reuse.

Multiple Access Method

In such cases, system adopts a multiple

access policy.
Three widely-used policies:
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

HOW CELL PHONE CALLS TRAVEL

When we speak into a cellphone,a

microphone in the handset converts the upand-down sounds of our voice into a
corresponding up-and-down pattern.
A microchip inside the phone turns these
signals into strings of numbers.
The numbers are packed up into a radio wave
and beamed out from the phones antenna.
These radio waves travel at a speed of light
untill it reaches the nearest cellphone

Everyday lifes tools

Computer

Mobile phones are first introduced in mid 1980s

Email

Word processor

Music player
Smart phone
Fax
Radio

Additional features can be installed

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Mobile applications
Banking (check balance, make transaction)
Restaurant (order and payment)
Mobile Payment (ticket, vending machine)
Tourism: tourist guide
Education: mobile learning
Entertainment: interactive digital art
Scientific: controlling and monitoring

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THANK
YOU