CNC MACHINES (CH7)

CNC HISTORY
Homework

NUMERICAL CONTROL
Numerical control is a form of programmable automation in which the mechanical actions of a
machine tool or other equipment are controlled by a program containing coded alphanumerical data

BASIC COMPONENTS
There are three basics components:
1. A part program of instructions
2. A machine control units
3. Processing equipment

A part program of instructions

It is the set of detailed step-by-step commands that direct the action of the processing equipment
A machine control units (MCU)

It is a microcomputer and related control hardware that stores the program of instruction and
executes it by converting each command into mechanical action of the processing equiptment
Processing equipment

It performs the actual work

NC APPLICATIONS
1.

2.

3.

MACHINING PROCESS
a.

Mills

b.

Lathes

c.

Drills

d.

Surface grinders

e.

Cylindrical grinders

f.

Wood routers

CUTTING PROCESS
a.

Plasma cutters

b.

Water jet cutters

c.

Laser cutting

SHEET METAL WORK

a.

Turret punch

b.

bending

c.

Wire and tube bending

d.
4.

Presses

ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING

a.

EDM

b.

Wire EDM

5. ADDITIVE PROCESS
a.

6.

3D Printing

MEASURING AND INSPECTION

a.

CMM

Other CNC tools

Hot-wire foam cutters

submerged welding

knife cutting

glass cutting

Drafting machines

NC CHARACTERISTICS
Nc technology is appropriate for:
1. low to medium production
2. medium to high variety of product
CHARATERISTICS
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

batch production: small and medium lot sizes

repeat orders
complex part geometry
high material is removed
separated operations
part is expensive

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NC

ADVANTAGES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Non productive time is reduced

Greater accuracy and repeteability
Lower scrap rates
Inpection requirements are reduced
Most complex parts geometry are possible
Engineering change can be accommodated more gracefully
Simpler fixtures are needed
Shorter manufacturing lead times (MLT)
Reduced part inventory
Less floor space required
Operator skill level requirements are reduced

DISADVANTAGES
1.
2.
3.
4.

High investment cost

High maintenance efforts
Part programming
High utilization of NC equipment