Lec. 5.

1 Finite Control Volume Analysis

ENGR 361 Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Instructor: Dr. Liangzhu (Leon) Wang

Concordia University

Outline
Review of Last Lecture
The Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT) for Moving
Control Volume
Conservation of Mass - The Continuity Equation

The Linear Momentum Equation

Review of Last Lecture

The Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT) for Moving
Control Volume
B
A

DB
Dt

sys

bd V

cv

W A or

cs

V A or

b W A or

n dA

V cs
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Review of Last Lecture

The Continuity Equation

Incompressible

B sys m sys

( = const.)

b sys 1

Dm

Dt

sys

cv

dV

V cv
t

n dA 0

cs

V n dA 0

cs

Steady state
net mass flow
rate through CS

V n dA 0

cs

Linear Momentum Equation

- Force of Water Jet (Video)

V5.6_mov: Water hose, Pelton water wheel turbine

Linear Momentum Equation

General Form of the Reynolds Transport Theorem
DB
Dt

sys

bd V

cv

b V n dA

cs

If CV/CS is moving V should be relative velocity W: W V V cs

Apply the RTT to Linear Momentum Equation

B sys

sys

mV

V dV

sys

b V
D
Dt

V dV
sys

Newton's 2nd law

of motion

sys

sys

cv

V (dV )

V ( V n dA )

cs

Note: a vector equation; applies to X, Y, Z directions

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Apply Linear Momentum Equation to X,

Y, Z Axis
General Form sys

X Direction

Y Direction

Z Direction
z

sys

sys

sys

F
Fx

F
y

F
z

V (dV )

cv

V ( V n dA )

cs

cv

Vx (dV )

cs

V x ( V n dA )

cv

V y (dV )

cs

V y ( V n dA )

cv

V z (dV )

cs

V z ( V n dA )

y
x

Linear Momentum Equation (cont'd)

The determination of sys

For a non-deforming fixed CV:

sys

cv

cv

V (dV )

V ( V n dA )

cs

F can be Pressure, Friction, Weight, and Constraints

from vane, channel to guide the flowing fluid

For CV Moving at Constant Speed

cv

W ( W n dA )

cs

To prove

cv

Steady state:

V (dV )

cv

cv

W V V cv

cv

V ( W n dA )

cs

cs

cs

cs

( W V CV )( W n dA )

V CV ( W n dA )

W ( W n dA )

cs

V W V cv

Use relative velocity:

V ( W n dA )

cs

V (dV ) 0

W ( W n dA ) V CV

cs

( W n dA )

because linear motion

W ( W n dA )

cs

because continuity equation

An Example
Problem 5.38
A 10-mm diameter jet of water is deflected by a
rectangular block (15 mm 200 mm 100 mm)
that weights 6 N.
Determine the minimum velocity of water to tip the block.

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