(INVERTERS DC-AC)

,

RMS . :

()



(ACTIVE FILTERS)
( STATIC VAR COMPENSATORS,
SVC)
(Uninterruptible Power Supplies, UPS)

:
) (Voltage
Source Inverters, VSI)
) (Current
Source Inverter, CSI)
, :
i)
ii)
iii)
6.1 ,
.

.,

.

223

Vin
2
Vin

Vin
Vin
2

()

()

ii

Vin

Iin

ia

vab

v bc
ib

ib

ic

ic

vca

ia

()

()

6.1 .
) .
) .
) .
) .

6.1
( VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER, VSI)
6.2
, S1 S2
IGBTs, MOSFETs, , GTOs
, .

224

ii

Vin
2

Vin

Vin
2

C
1

S1

D1

vo

io

a
S2

D2

C2

ii

Vin
2

C1

vo

Vin

Vin
2

C2

Vin
2

C1

io

ii

Vin

Vin
2

vo

io

C2

S1

S2
vo

2Vin

Vin
2

( )

S1
S2

vo,1

V
in
2

6.2 .
) IGBT.
) MOSFETs.
) .
) S1, S2
.
* O
.

225

6.2(), vo
(. )
Vin/2.
S1 S2 .
, S1 S2
. ,
S1 S2 . ,
S1 S2, vo
.
6.4
.
:
i) (. iovo ),
S1

6.4().
ii) (. iovo
), D1

6.4(). D1,
,
S1.
iii) (. iovo
), S2

6.4().
iv) (. iovo
), D2
.
6.4(). D2,
,
S1.

226

t
t

io

Vin
2

vo
S1

S1
S2

V
in
2
vo

io
D1

Vin
2

S1

S1
S2

V
in
2 D2

vo

T
2

S1

D2

T
2

io

V
in
2

D1

S2

t
V
in
2

S1

vo
D1

S1
D2

io

Vin
2

D2

T
2

Vin
2

S1

D1

S2

D2

6.3 6.2()
.
) S1, ) S2.
) v, i .
) v, i - .
)v, i .
) v, i .

227

Vin
2
Vin

V
vo in
2

io

Vin
2

()

Vin

Vin
2

V
vo in
2

io

Vin
2

()
Vin
2

Vin

V
vo in
2

io

Vin
2

()

Vin

Vin
2

V
vo in
2

io

Vin
2

()
6.4
.
) Vin/2 .
) Vin/2 .
) -Vin/2 .
) -Vin/2 .
6.2
(VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER, VSI)
6.2()
:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

.

.
V
in .
2
.

228

6.5()
( ),
. 6.5()
IGBTs 1800 S1 S2
S4 S3 . 6.5()
(
Vin , Vin ).
6.6

Vin ,0 Vin .
. '
.
6.5() 6.6
:
i) (. voio
), S1 S4
.
6.7().
ii) (.
voio ), S2 S3
.
6.7().
ii

Vin

Vin
2

Vin
2

S1

D1

vao
D2

io

S3

D3

vo vao vbo vab

S2

D4

S4

v bo

S1,S4

S2 ,S3

4Vin
( )

vo

vo,1

Vin
S1,S4
S2 ,S3

Vin

6.5
IGBTs.
) .
) ( Vin , Vin )
IGBTs 180.

229

vo
Vin

Vin

io

io

io

6.6 .
) ( Vin ,0, Vin ).
) IGBTs.
) .
) - .
) - .
iii)
(. voio ),
[S4, D2], [S1, D3] ( 6.7(),())
. ,
S1, D3
S1-- D3.
S4, D2
S4--D2. ,
, (circulating current).
.

230

iv)
(. voio ),
[S3,D1], [S2,D4] ( 6.7(),())
. , S2,
D4
S2--D4. S3,
D1 S3-D1. , ,
.
.
v)
(. voio ),
D1 D4
-D1- D4.
6.7().

.
vi)
(. voio ),
D2 D3
-D2--D3.
.
6.7().

.



.

,
.
,
( ) .

,
, .
( )
, ,

.

S1

Vin

231

D1
io

D3

S3

vo Vin

D1

S1

Vin

S3

vo Vin

D3

io

Vin

Vin

Vin

S2

D2

S1

D1
io

S2

D2

S1

D1

S2

D2

S1

S2

io

D1
io

S4

S3

vo 0

S4

S3

vo 0

vo Vin

D2

D4

D3

S4

D4

S3

D3

S4

S1

D1
io

S2

D2

S1

D1
io

Vin

D4

D3

S2

D2

Vin

S2

S1

Vin

S2

vo 0

D2

D1

io

D4

vo 0

D2

S4

D4

S3

D3

S4

D4

S3

D3

S4

vo Vin

S3

S4

D4

D3

D4

6.7
.
) v o 0 i o 0 ) v o 0 i o 0 ) v o 0 i o 0
) v o 0 i o 0 ) v o 0 i o 0
) v o 0 i o 0 ) v o 0 i o 0 ) v o 0 i o 0
6.8

.
vo
Vin

vo,1

Vin

io

1
ii
ii io S(t) S(t) =vo (t) / Vin

6.8
.

232

6.2.1
(Single Pulse Width Modulation, PWM)

6.5(),
. ,
(Pulse Width Modulation, PWM)
6.9
. H PWM :
i) ( )
, ,
, .

.
6.9()
Ar =
AC =
1
c
=
fc

1
=
fr
A
ma r
Ac

Tr

f
T
mf r c
Tc f r

(6.1)
(6.2)

6.9()
mf
.
.

ma mf .
ii) ,
(6.9())
S1
S2. S3 S4
6.9() ().
iii) 6.9() (),
.
6.9() ,
Ar ,
AC . ,
ma ( 0 1),


RMS .
iv) 6.9() ()
.

233

.
v) RMS

.

ma=Ar/ Ac

mf=Tr/ Tc

r =
c =

r =C
2

2 t

S1

S2

S4

S3

vo

Vin

S1, S4
2

S2, S4

S1, S3

S2, S3

2
Vin

()
6.9 PWM .
) .
) S1.
) S4.
) .

) .
) S2.
) S3.
) .

234

H vo 6.9() ' 6.10,

Fourier :

vo =

a n cos(nt) +

n=1,2,3,

(6.3)

b n sin(nt)

n=1,2,3,

vo
Vin

Vin

6.10 .

2
Vin cos(nt)dt
0
2
bn =
Vin sin(nt)dt
0
= vo
n = =1,2,3,5,6,
an =

(6.4)
(6.5)

6.10, vo (. f(t)= f(-t)) (. f(t)= -f(t+T/2), = )

4.1 4 an=0
(6.3) . , (6.3) :

vo =

b n sin(nt)

(6.6)

n=1,3,5,

4.1
bn

/4

4Vin
n

vo sin(nt) d(t) =

/2
/2
4Vin
4Vin
8
V
sin(nt)
d(

t)
=

cos(nt)

-
in

2 -
n
n
2
2

n
n
n
n 4Vin
n

cos n 2 (cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 sin 2 ) n sin 2

cos n 2 cos n( 2 )

n 1,3,5,

, (6.5) (6.6) :

vo =

4Vin
n
sin sin(nt)
2
n=1,3,5, n

(6.7)

(6.7)

Vo,1 =

4Vin

sin

(6.8())

235

=180

Vo,1(max) =

4Vin
= 1.27Vin

(6.8())

Vin = DC
, RMS
:

Vo = 1
2

1/2

v o d(t)

1
=
2

1/2
+
3+

2
2
2
2
- V in d(t)+ 3- (-Vin ) d(t)
2
2

Vin

(6.9)

THDv% ,
, :
1
THD v % =
V
n 3,5, o,n
V
o,1

1/ 2
2

1
Vo,n
100 =

V
o,1
n 3,5,

1/ 2
2

100

(6.10)

Vo,1 =

Vo.n = n-
= RMS
V
o,1

= RMS n-
V
o,n
THD%=0%.

6.1

:
1800
Vin = = 100 V

R = = 10
L = = 25 mH
f = = 50 z
:
) .
) .
)
(THDv%, THDi%).

236

) ,
(. 1800)
:
= 4Vin = 4 100 n=1,3,5,7,....
V
o,n
n
n

,
:

V
4 100 /n
0,n
I = Vab.n =
=
o,n
2
2
z o,n
R 2 + nL
102 + n 2 50 0.025
)
:
2

I
I
2
2
2
P= Pn =P1 P2 P3 .... Io,1
R+Io,3
R+Io,5
R+...... R o,1 R+ o,3 R+......
2
2
n=1

2
2
2
=R(I +I +I + )

o,1

o,3

o,5

4 100 /
I = Vo,1 =
=10 A
o,1
2
z o,1
102 + 2 50 0.025

4 100 /3
I = Vo,3 =
=1.66 A
o,3
2
z o,3
102 + 3 2 50 0.025

4 100 /5
I = Vo,5 =
=0.63 A
o,5
2
z o,5
102 + 5 2 50 0.025


7
THD%. , :
10 2 1.66 2 0.63 2
P=10
+
+
=505.73 W
2 2 2

)
4 100 4 100

2 +V
2 +V
2 +...

V
Vo,
o,3
o,5
o,7
3 5
THDV % =
100=
100=
100

4 100 /
V
V
o,1
o,1
2

1803.7+649.23
100=38.87%
127.4

237

I 2 +I 2
I
1.66 2 +0.632
o,3
0,5
o,
THDi %=
100=
100=
100=16.6%
I
I
10
o,1
o,1
6.2

. 1800.
:

Vin = = 100 V

R = = 10

L = = 25 mH
f = = 50 z
:
) .
) .
) .

) S1 S4
:

R
- t
V
T
i o t = + = in +Ae L 0 t
R
2
S2 S3 (
S1, S4) :

io t

Vin
Be
R

R
t
L

T
tT
2

238

,
.
min max,
:
Vin
V
Ae0 I min A I min in
R
R
Vin
V
T
io
Be0 I max B I max in
R
R
2

io 0

,
R

io

Vin
V t
T
Imin in e L 0 t
R
R
2

io

Vin
V t
T
I max in e L t T
R
R
2

:
RT

V
V

T
i o I max in I min in e L 2
R
R
2
min = -Imax. ,
RT

Vin 1 e L 2
I max I min

RT
R

L 2
1 e

1 1
T
0.02 s
f 50
R
10
1

400
3
L 25 10
T

I max I min

400 0.02 / 2
100 1 e
100 1 0.018

9.46 A
400 0.02 / 2
10 1 e
10 1 0.018

) Po = Io2 R

239

1/ 2

t
I 1 i 2 t dt RMS
o
T 0 o

1
I
o
T/2
100

T/2 V
in

0.01

V t
2

I min in e L dt

R
0.02
R

2
10 0.54e400t dt 100

0.02
100
2
10
0

100 400t

9.46
e
dt
10

100dt 10 A

0.01

, I0 :

I I 2 I 2 I 2 ... Vo,1
o
o,1
o,3
o,5
z o,1

4 100

2
3
10 2 50 25 10

V
o,3
z o,3

...

4 100

3 2


2
3
10 6 50 25 10

2

4 100

5 2


2
3
10 10 50 25 10

2

10.6 A
Po 10.6 10 1123.6 W
2

) :
Ii

Pi
DC

Vin DC

,
. ,
Ii 1123.6 /100 11.24 A

240

6.2.2
(Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, SPWM)

, ,
,
( ),
, IEEE 519
1992, ,
THD 5%.

.

(,Point of Common Coupling, PCC)
.

6.1
THD -519 1992
Harmonic Voltage Limits for Power Producers
(Public Utilities of IPPs)
Harmonic Voltage Distortion in % at PCC

Maximum for
Individual
Harmonic
Total Harmonic
Distortion (THD%)

69kV

69,001 kV 161 kV

161,001 kV

3.0

1.5

1.0

5.0

2.5

1.5

THD 5%
,

( 6.13). ,
(
) .
, 30

,
3 ,
6.10. ,
,
.
:
) (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation,
SPWM).
)
(Harmonic Injection Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, HISPWM).
) (Trapezoidal PWM TPWM).
) (Selective Harmonic
Elimination (SHE)
(SHE-PWM).
) SPWM.

241

) 600 (600 modulation)

SPWM 6.14.
:
i)

,
6.5() 180 ,
.

6.15.
6.14()
Ar =
AC =
TC = 1/fC =
Tr = 1/fr =
ma = Ar/AC =
(6.11)
( ma, 0 1)
mf = fc/fr =
(6.12)

ii) fr
fo.
iii) fc

.
iv)
( 6.15),
1(t) 6.14(). ,

242

A r A c S1 ON
A r Ac S1 OFF

f
T
mf c r
f r Tc
A
ma r
Ac

E1

E2

S1

S2 S1

S3

S4 S3

t
6.14 SPWM ma=0.7 mf =7.
) . ) ,
1 .
) , 2. ) S1.
) S2. ) S3.
) S4.

243

io

Vin

()

()
6.15 SPWM.
) .
) .

( 6.15) 2(t) 6.14()
. 6.14() (),
1(t) 2(t)
,
ma.
v) 1(t) S1
S2.
2(t) S4

244

S3.
6.5()
6.14() (). 6.15

.
vi)
mf
vao. 6.14 mf=7
7 . 50 Hz
350 Hz.
vii) S1 - S4,

6.16. :
v o v ab v ao v bo

(6.13())

v ao = a ( ).

v bo = b ( ).
: .

1800.
v ao v bo

(6.13())

6.16 vao, vbo vab

.

Newton-Raphson Fourier
.
,

ma mf.

245

S1

S2

) S3

t
0

S4
0

vao
S2

Vin /2

S2
S1

S1

S1

S1

S1

S1

S1

-Vin /2

S2

S2

S2

S2

S2

vbo
S3

Vin /2

S3

S3

S3

S3

S3

S3

-Vin /2

S4

S4

S4

S4

S4

S4

S4

vab
Vin

S1

S3
S2
S4

S1 S1 S1 S2 S1 S1 S1 S2 S1 S1 S1 S2
S4 S3 S4 S4 S4 S3 S4 S4 S4 S3 S4 S4

-Vin
S3 S2 S3 S1 S3 S2 S3 S1 S3 S2 S3 S1
S2 S4 S2 S3 S2 S4 S2 S3 S2 S4 S2 S3

vab =vao -v bo

vab,1

6.16 SPWM ma=0.7 mf=7.

) .
()-() vao vbo.
) vab.

vao vab ma mf
6.2() (),
SPWM .

246

6.2()
( Vin/2)
vao
SPWM
ma

mf
mf2
mf4
2mf1
2mf3
2mf5
3mf
3mf2

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
( Vin/2)

, vao

0.2
1.242
0.016
0.000
0.190
0.000
0.000
0.335
0.044

0.4
1.15
0.061
0.000
0.326
0.024
0.000
0.123
0.139

0.6
1.006
0.131
0.000
0.370
0.071
0.000
0.083
0.203

0.8
0.818
0.220
0.000
0.314
0.139
0.013
0.171
0.176

1.0
0.601
0.318
0.018
0.181
0.212
0.033
0.113
0.062

6.2()
( Vin)
vab
SPWM

ma

2mf1
2mf3
2mf5

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
( Vin)

, vab
0.2
0.190
0.00
0.00

0.4
0.326
0.024
0.00

0.6
0.370
0.071
0.00

0.8
0.314
0.139
0.013

1.0
0.181
0.212
0.033

247

6.17
SPWM.

2mf 3
2mf 5

2mf

2mf 1

2mf 1

2mf 5
2mf 3

mf 2
mf 4

mf 4
mf 2
mf

Vin
ma
2

()

2mf 3
2mf 5

2mf 1

2mf

2mf 1

2mf 5

2mf 3

Vin ma

()
6.17
SPWM.
) va. ) vab.

6.17 6.2 :
)
ma
:

V
Vin ma
V
ao,1
bo,1
2

(6.14)

V ab,1

(6.15)

V ao,1 V bo,1 V ao,1 ( V ao,1 ) 2 V ao,1 Vin ma

Vin = DC
m a =
) 6.14 , SPWM
ma,
.
ma=1
:

V ab ,1(m ax) Vin

(6.16)

) SPWM
fc
.

248

mf (
) fc
vao mf , 2mf , 3mf , ...
2mf, 4mf, 6mf,
... fc mf
.
.
)
(dominant harmonic component) d
(ma = 1) :
d 2m f 3

Vab,d(max) =0.212Vin

(6.17)
(6.18)

mf =
) m f 9 , m f (
),
m f
(6.18).
) m f

.

.
) (f(t)=f(-t)) (-(f(t-T/2)=f(t))
Fourier cos sin .
) 6.17() m f , 2m f ,3m f , 4m f ,.......
(v ao ,v bo ) )
v ab (v ab v ao v bo ) .
6.3
SPWM
:
Vin
ma
mf
f1

= DC = 300 V
= = 0.8
= = 37
= = 47 z

) RMS .
) RMS .

249

) 6.15 RMS
300x0.8 169.7 V 47 z.
V
ab,1
2

) 6.16 6.2() ma=0.8

d = = 2mf 3 = 2X37-3=71 7147=3337 Hz
RMS
0.139x300

V
29.5 V
ab,71
2
6.4
:
= 100 Volts, SPWM, ma =0.8, mf =21, 50Hz,
R = 10, L = 20 mH. :
) 50 Hz .
) .
) D .
)
.

=V m =(100)(0.8)=80 V
V
ab,1
in a

80
I = Vab,1 =
=7.9
o,1
2
Zo,1
10 +(2 50 0.02) 2

) P = = +

6.2() SPWM ma = 0.8
:
2mf 1 = 2 21 - 1 = 41 0.314Vin
2mf + 1 = 2 21+ 1 = 43 0.314Vin
2mf 3 = 2 21 - 3 = 39 0.139Vin
2mf + 3 = 2 21+ 3 = 45 0.139Vin

V
ab,39 = Vo,45 = (0.139)(100) = 13.9 V

V
ab,41 = Vo,43 = (0.314)(100) = 31.4 V

13.9
I Vab,39
0.06
o,39
2
Zo,39
(10) (2 50 39 0.02) 2

31.4
I = Vab,41 =
= 0.12 A
o,41
Zo,41
(10) 2 + (250 41 0.02) 2

250

31.4
I = Vab,43 =
= 0.11 A
o,43
Zo,43
(10) 2 + (2 50 43 0.02) 2

13.9
I = Vab,45 =
= 0.049 A
o,45
Zo,45
(10) 2 + (2 50 45 0.02) 2
= 1 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
o
o,1
o,39
o,41
o,43
o,45
2
1
=
(7.9) 2 +(0.06) 2 +(0.12) 2 +(0.116) 2 +(0.049) 2 = 5.59 A
2

Po = Io 2 R = (5.59) 2 (10) = 312.5 W

THDi =

2
S Io,n

n =2

I
o,1

x100 =

(0.085) 2 + (0.082) 2
x100 = 2.1%
5.6

THDi 12%
.

6.5
RL v t =200 2sint+200 2 200sin 5t+300 .

R=4
X1 =10 :
P, Q, S, D, .

V=

z1 = R 2 + 1L = 42 +102 =10.8

200 2 + 200 2 =283 V

10
1 =tan -1 =68.20
4

X 5 = 5 =5X1 =50
z5 = R 2 + 51R = 42 + 50 =50
2

50
5 =tan -1 =85.40
4

it=

251

V
V
2 200
2 200
1
sin t-1 + 5 sin t-5 =
sin t-68.20 +
sin 5t-85.40
z1
z5
10.8
50

26.19sin t-68.20 +6.22sin 5t-85.40

(6.27)

RMS
:
2

I= 26.19 + 6.22 =18.94 A

2 2

P=

V I cos
n n

n =V1 I1cos1 +V5 I5 cos 5

I= 28318.94 =5362 VA
S=V

200

n=1

26.19
2

cos 68.20 200

6.22
2

cos85.4

3703.830.37+879.640.0802=1440.6 W

Q=

V I sin
n n

n =V1 I1sin1 +V5 I5sin 5 =3703.830.93+879.640.997=4321.6

VAr

n=1

D= S2 -P 2 -Q 2 =

5362 2 - 1440.6 2 - 4321.6 2 =2828.33 VA

= =

P 1440.6
=
0.268
S 5362

6.3
(THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER, VSI)

6.22().
IGBTs GTOs
MOSFETs .
,

120 . ,
:

(6.28)
(6.29)
(6.30)

va(t) =vb(t-120o) =vc(t-240o)

vab(t) =va(t) vb(t)
vbc(t) = vb(t) vc(t)

252

vca(t) = vc(t) va(t)

(6.31)

Vin +
2

ii

S1

S3

D1

D3

Vin

S5

D5

o
S4

S6

D4

S2

D6

D2

Vin +
2
vab

ia

v bc

ib

ic

vca

()

R
L

RL

RL

RL

R
L

()
6.22 IGBTs .
) .
) .
6.3.1
1800

6.23
S1-S6 180,
(vab(t), vbc(t) vca(t))
120. .
,
,
,
,
, .
6.23,
. , 6.22()
(S1, S4),
(S3, S6), (S5, S2), DC
, .
6.23
,
. ,

253

[0,/3] S1, S5, S6 vao

+Vin/2, [/3, 2/3] S1, S2, S6
+Vin/2, [2/3, ]
S1, S2, S3 +Vin/2,
[, 4/3] S2, S4, S3 -Vin/2,
[4/3, 5/3] S5, S4, S3
-Vin/2, [5/3, 2] S5, S4, S6
- Vin/2. 6.24
- ( )
6.3 ,
.
6.3 :
i)

3 ,
(S1, S3, S5) (S2, S4, S6)
.
ii)
.
iii) ,
(S1, S4), (S3, S6),
(S5, S2).

254

Vin
2

vao

V
in
2

Vin
2

v bo

V
in
2
vab

vab,1

Vin

vaN

vaN,1

2Vin / 3
Vin / 3
Vin / 3
2Vin / 3

Vin

T
/3

2/3

4/3 5/3 2

6.23 1800
.

255

/3
a Vin
R, L

b - 2Vin / 3 +
R, L

Vin

c Vin / 3

R, L

b
c

a + 2Vin/3 -

vaN
R, L

v bN
R, L

vcN

R, L

b - Vin / 3 +

Vin

R, L

R, L

c
a

R, L

+ Vin / 3 R, L

+ Vin / 3 -

Vin

- Vin / 3 +

R, L
b
c - 2Vin / 3 +

R, L

6.24
.

6.3
1800

[0, /3]

S1, S5, S6

vao
+Vin/2

[/3, 2/3]

S1, S2, S6

+Vin/2

+2Vin/3

[2/3, ]

S1, S2, S3

+Vin/2

[, 4/3]

S2, S3, S4

-Vin/2

+Vin/3
-Vin/3

[4/3, 5/3]

S5, S4, S3

-Vin/2

VI

[5/3, 2]

S5, S4, S6

-Vin/2

va
+Vin/3

-2Vin/3
-Vin/3

va,
, Fourier:

vao =

V ao,n sin(nt)

(6.32)

n 1,3,5,

: ,
(. 6.22())

.

256

V ao,n n v ao
8 /4
8 /2 Vin
vao sin(nt) d(t)=
sin(nt) d(t)
0
2 0 2
2V
4 / 2 Vin
=
sin(nt) d(t) in
0
2
n

(6.33)
6.25
PSIM
=1800 (Vin=450 volts, R=2, L=5 mH fo=50 Hz).

6.25 PSIM

=1800.

257

, 6.26
PSIM
=1800 (Vin=450 volts, R1=2, L1=5 mH, R2=1, L2=2.5 mH,
R3=0.5, L2=1.25 mH fo=50 Hz).

6.26 PSIM
=1800.

258

6.3.2
1200

6.27 ,
,
S1-S6 120. ,
.
6.27,
.
6.27,
6.4. , 6.28
-.

6.4
1200

va

vao
[0, /3]
S1, S6
+ Vin/2

[/3, 2/3]

S1, S2

+ Vin/2

+ Vin/2

[2/3, ]

S3,S2

[, 4/3]

S3, S4

-Vin/2

0
-Vin/2

[4/3, 5/3]

S5, S4

-Vin/2

VI

[5/3, 2]

S5, S6

+ Vin/2

-Vin/2
0

259

S1
2 / 3

0
S2

4 / 3

0
S3

0
S4
0
S5

0
S6
0
vao

Vin
2

V
in
2

Vin
2

v bo
0

V
in
2

Vin
2

vaN
0

vab
0

V
in
2
Vin

Vin
2

V
in
2 V

in

/ 3 2 / 3

6.27 120
.

260

b
c

a
Vin

vaN R, L

v
bN -

Vin

R, L

vcN

R, L

Vin / 2

Vin / 2

R, L

Vin

R, L

Vin / 2

Vin / 2

R, L
R, L
R, L

R, L

Vin / 2
R, L

c Vin / 2
R, L

R, L

6.28
. .
6.3.3
( Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, SPWM)

6.23 6.27 ,
,
Fourier ,
.

,
. ,
SPWM
. SPWM ,
6.29, :
i)
( ) .
r
Ac, .
:
Ar
Ac
f
mf = c
fr
ma =

(6.56)
(6.57)

ii) 6.29

S1 S6 ,
.
v vbo 6.29() ()
120. vc v
2400 v

261

Ar
Ac
f
T
mf c r
f r Tc

ma

vao

Vin
2

vao,1

V
in
2

v bo
v bo,1

Vin
2

vab

V
in
2

Vin

Vin

mf +4

mf +2

mf

mf -2

mf -4

3
Vin ma
2

6.29 SPWM .
) .
) vao.
) vbo.
) vab.
) vab.

\
iii) 6.29()-()
:
vab(t) = vao(t) vbo(t)
vbc(t) = vbo(t) vco(t)
vca(t) = vco(t) vao(t)

(6.58)
(6.59)
(6.60)

vab(t)
6.29(). 6.29()
120 240 .
iv) ,

SPWM, ma
mf. ,
ma, mf,

262

vab(t),
vbc(t) vca(t) 6.5.
, ,
Vin.
6.5

( )
SPWM
ma

mf2
2mf1

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0

( Vin)
0.173
0.346
0.520
0.693
0.866
0.013
0.053
0.114
0.190
0.275
0.165
0.282
0.321
0.272
0.086

6.5 :
)
:

3
Vin m a V
2
Vin = DC
V ab,1 =

(6.61)

) 6.5
, ( )

, ma=1, :
d= mf - 2

V (ab,d)max = 0.275 V ( ma=1)

(6.62())
(6.62())

, (6.62()) (6.62())
.
) , mf,
3
.
) 6.5 (6.61)
ma.
, SPWM
.

263

6.30
.

.

6.30 .

6.6
6.22(),
1800,
:
) .
) .
) .
) .

) ,

6.34() () .
L :
v aN (t) = L

i a (t) =

di a (t)
dt

1 2
vaN (t) d(t)
L 0

,
.
90 ()
. 6.34()-()
.
-)

ia vaN , vaN x ia ,

. , ia S1.
ia va , vaN x ia
,
. , ia
D4.
ia vRN , vaN x ia

264

,
. , ia
S4 .
ia vaN , vaN x ia ,
.
, ia D1.

ib ic
. 6.34 ()-().
) 6.22() :
ii =(iS1+iS3+iS5) - (iD1+iD3+iD5)

(6.64)

6.34() ,
, .
.

Vin

-Vin
2Vin
3

Vin
3

6.34 .
) . ) .
-) .,
) .

6.7
6.22(),
SPWM, 220 Volts.
50 z. :

265

) , ma = 0.8.
) ,
mf = 15.
) 220 Volts
ma = 0.8 ma,
20% .

) (6.61) :
2
Vin = =
(220 2)/0.8 = 449 V
3

) (6.62) (6.63)
SPWM :
d = 15 - 2 = 13

V
ab,d = 0.27449 = 121.2 V

) , :
Vin(max) = 449 + 0.2449 = 538.8 V
Vin(min) = 449 - 0.2449 = 359.2 V
, 6.61

V
220 2
ab,1
ma (max) =
=
=1
0.86 359.2
3
Vin(min)
2

m a (min)

V ab,1
220 2
=
=
= 0.67
0.86 538.8
3
Vin (max)
2

, ,
ma 0.67 ma 1