LY THIJYET TAM DIIY
B.S HO CHUNG TU
Cho lr.anltphtic ldn dau thtong cia nhdn loai
vr.^i
C A NB A N L Y T H U Y E T
fr tru bidn clong khdng ngirng, Dcrtrd v0 tru
nhu td bdo, con ngudi, gia dinh, xa hQi, quOc
gia, thd gi6i cfing bidn ddng khOng ngirng.
TAM DIIY g6m Duy L;f, Duy VAt, Duy TAm t6c tlQng
tr€n m6i don t v[ tru c0ng li6n tuc thay ddi. Mgt khi
,dat drJocquAn binh TAM DlfY, don vi v[ tru phft tridn
didu hba, bdt quAn;binh TAM DIfY s6 th-tatldn xAo tr6n,
hfry di6t. Sdng thu4n theo quAn binh, bidn dQngTAM
DlfY, Iodi ngudi se dat drrochanh ph[c, thd gidi sEbinh
ycn.
NGUdNcdc LoAINGUOI
Nhu da trinh bdy, ngodi ni6m tin Thuong Dd tao ra
v0 tru vd.mu6n loAi trong 7 ngly, nhirng du kiQn khoa
hoc tim drrocI nhfng vat h6a thach (fossils)cho thdy
lodi ngrrdi vA lodi da nhdn (apes) c6 rdt nhidu <lidm
giong nhau. Vd cdu tao co thd, loAi ngvdi vd dd nhAn c6
cilng chung loai xr/crng,thit vd cilc co quan; trU nhflng
didm kh6c nhau nhu lodi ngr/di c6 chAn ddi hon, it l6ng
hon; b6 6c c0a loli ngrrdi ph6t tridn mgt cdch phrlc tap
vd tinh vi hon.
Da nhAn c6 bdn loai chinh: lodi ngrrdi c6 cdu tao
gi6ng nhidu vdi 2 loai da nhAn 6 Phi ChAulA gorilla vd
chimpanzee. Hai loai di nhAn khdc sdng & A ChAulA
gibbon vA orang-utan. Ta crJngcAn phAn biQt ld de
nhAn kh6c vdi loli khl: dd nhAn to ldn hon, ng6n tay vi
chAn dli hon; tl[c biQt ld di nhAn kh6ng c6 duOi nhrr
lodi khl, vd th6ng minh hon khl.
Nhrrng bhng chfng tim tbdy d nhfng vAt h6a thqch
khdng cung cdp ddy dti drl kign dd bidt chi tidt su ph6t
tridn crjangu6ngdcloAi ngVdi.Tuy nhiOn,d{a vAonhrrng
gi dA tim thAy vd biOt dttoc,hdu hdt cAckhoa hgc gia vA
nhAn ch0ng hoc tin rhng lodi ngUdi vA lohi dd nhAn
phdt xudt tir cirng chung mQt th0y td, sdng vAo khoAng
14-18trieu nAm tnldc & Phi ChAu.
Thriy td:
--'- \
DA nhAn Ramapithecus: 8-18tri$u nAm
(apes) 5 tripu nAm(drlng
Auetralopithecus:
dr.rgc)
Homohabilis:2 triQun6m (dUngdqng
Homo 1,8triguTe*tulli'oury
erectug
cg blng d6, dtng lt?a)" btnhTAtrIDIJYnhuloAingudi,
Homosapiens(300'000nAm)(Phi ChAu, Bi6t dugcrlng loli ngrJdivAd6 nhAnc6cDngchung
A chau, Au chau).
(50.000nAm).
Homo sapiens'sapiens
Rdi cldn8-18triQunem tnJdc,lodi Ramapithecusxudt
hiQn mi ngudi ta chi tim thdy til-tocbd xuong hAm vi
r d n g m r i t h 6 i . D € ' n 5 t r i € u n d m t r r J d c ,l o d i
Australopithecusxudt hi6n & ChAuPhi. Lodi nhy c6 thd
drlng vA di drroctrdn hai chAn.'86 nio chl ldn bdng mQt
phAn ba bQ n6o cria con ngudi,
Ddn khoAng 2 trigu ndm tnrdc, lodi Homo habilis
xudt hiOn (homo:human, habilis: skillfull). Lodi ndy d5
bidt kh6o 16odirngdd lAm dung cu, c6 b0 nAolon hon vA
di th6ng drrng. Ddn 1.5 triQu nlm tnJ6c, loai Homo
erectusxudt hign, gidng ngrrdi hdn, c6 xudng so gidng
nhi6u vdi so ngudi, bidt ldm vd dilng dung cu bXng d6,
d6 khdm ph6 vA dLng lfa, ndo b0 clng l6n hon nrfa.
Ddn khoAng 300.000nlm tnJdc, lodi Homo sapiens
(wise human being) kh6n hon, xddng so trbn vA xddng
hdm nh6 hon n€n chrla drloc nio bQ l6n hon. Giong
ngrrdi.ndyb{t dAu di chuydn kh6i Phi Ch{u, sang dinh
cu d A ChAuvA Au ChAu. Cdc dung cr1bhng tld lAm ra
c6 v6 chinh xdc hdn, b6n hon. Dung iu'vh khi gidi bXrtg
96 tim thAy drloc6 Er1c,Phi ChAuvd TAy Ban Nha. Ho
ala bidt dirng lao (spear) dd s[n thri, bidt dirng hla dd
srJdidm vA n{u thrlc An. !,fia tim ra c6 thd do thay lfia
ritng ch6y vi sdm s6t. O Trung Hoa, ho sdng trong
hang, doc s6ng Hdng Hi. Ho sdng ttrng nh6m. Nhrtng
{du tich vd nghi thrlc ch6n cdt t6 chdt duoc tim th6iy E
Au ChAu vA A ChAu. Didu nAy cho ta khdi niem ld
gidng Homo sapiensda bdt ddu bidt kinh trong k6 chdi
hay dn c6 f ni0m ndo d6 vd dUi s6'ngsau khi chdt. Ti6u
bidu cria Homo sapiens lt gidng Neanderthal, tdn goi
theo t€n cria thung l0ng Neanderthal, d Dtlc, noi ho dA
s0ng.
KhoAng 50.000 n[m tnJdc, sau khi gidng {eander-
thal bi€n mdt, gidngHomo sapiens xudt hiQnd Au Ch6u,
A Ctrau vA kh{p dia cdu. Gidng ndy hodn todn gidng
nhu lohi ngudi h6m nay. c6 thd n6i, loAi ngudi thet srJ
khdi tlAu tU tlAy vA drJoclrru truydn cho d6n ngdy nay.
Khoa hoc chl mdi bidt ddn mfc d6 vd ngudn gdc cria
loAi ngudi. Nhrrngkh6m ph6 cbn li6n tuc. Tdi mQtngdy
nAo d6, chdc khoa hgc cbn nhidu khdm phd tl6 tim bi6c
nhidu hon vd cA mQt tidn trinh tidn h6a cho ddn loAi
ngUdi
- hOmnay,
LoAi ngUdi-vAdi nhAn c6 fi{t nhidu didm trrongddng
vd cdu tqo, thd chdt vA trl th6ng minh; nhung loAi ngrtli
lai lA sinh v$t thOng minh vdgt brrc trong mu6n loAi-
Tlnh chdt di truydn, c{u tqo DNA c0a gorilla vA
chimpazeegidng ddn 9?70DNA c0a loAi nguUi' De nhas
s6ng theo 5An neng (instinct), sO'ngtheo tr$t tr/ qu6s
blnf, TA[,I DIJY c0a vg tru. DD thong minh hon cAcloi'i
v0t khdc, dA nhAn kh0ng c6 khA n[ng dd c4i thi9n quta
m6t th0y td, bi€t dugcrhng dEnh6nvAlohi ngudic6r6t
nfli-auaiA-'tudng ddng,vl giA srl rhng ddi sdng-c0a dA Nhu da n6i, gorilla cfing lh don vi vfr tru, m6i con
rfren UtO"g mdi ttraiadi tiong- t{nh
ou-6 tidn h6a tht gorilla c0ng chiu sg chi phdi bdi qudn binh TAM DIIY
nchiOncrru,quans6t cldisdngc0ada nh6n hOmnay c6 i0a van vdt. Co thd dr.roccdu tao bdi vat chdt
criath&v-td
ffit;fi i" riOlf nigmvdduis-dng phAn tfi c0a v{t chdt drrscket hgp theo nhflng clinh lu4t
l9-Ai-nquai'
(DL) u6 sinh h6a, vd ho hdp, vd tieu h6a; vi co thd c0a
Ta hav qua; s6t dldi sdng c0a gorilla' Gorilla li-loqi
dn nhtn-ldn nhdt trong bdn loai dd nhAn viJa k6, c6
th6n hinh to ldn, c6n n{ng itdn 450 pounds. Gorilla tli
b[nc t ai chrin, nOn khi cli, thdn ngudi phia tntdc cia dd
nhai uon cao. Gorill a c6 thd d(ng th6ng ngudi tr€n.2
.Lti6, cao c6 thd ddn 6 feet. Gorilla cdi n{ng ddn
"ha".
iOO-pou"at vd thdp hon gorilla dtrc- Gorilla tr6ng rAt
hung ton. Menh bao, l6ng nlg khdp.ng-udi'tri( q *{t
a."iatis vdi hai rang nanh. Khi mudn de doa ddi th0,
eoriila tt--rrngthAng trbn hai chAn, hai tay ddm vAo nguc
ler tfri"fr irri"fr. Nhrnrg thQt ra gorilla rdt hiCn lenh,
J.it .tnat, thAn thiQn, kh6ng hung dfr nhutbd ngoli'
Gorilla khdng lAm hai con ngudi tnl khi bi quAyph{
hay bi tdn c6ng. Nhlrng con gorillas tlAu ti6n nu6i d s&
thr1,khOng sOng lAu, c6 16 chdt vi cP tlon. Gorilla di
tr6n ddt, io{c dOi khi leo lOn cAy dd [.n, ngu. Gorilla
song trlim l{ng, it gAy dn do, nhung gdm IOn khi gian
drr.i6n nhe khi thich thri. Gorilla con rOn khi mQt m6i,
vA la ldn khi hoAng so. Gorilla hAu nhrr kh6ng c6 k€
thil, ngoai tnr lodi ngUdi,vi loli ngUdis6n g9rilla d{ lay
thit hay ben cho sd th6. Gorilla c6 ddi sdng rdt bi1\
yOn. itr,ittg di chuydn titng dAn, xuy6n qua rirng, d6
iim thirc An, phdn ldn ld cAy tr6i, thdc v&t. MOt con
corilla drrctru?ng thenh hddng dAn cA ddn. Con nAy c6
irdch nhiQm q.uyetdinh mgi viQc; nhtl hic ndo cA ddn
phAi thrlc day, se di dAu, vA ltic nAo thi cA tlhn s6 nghi.
bon gorilla tnr&ng dAn nAy cbn bAo v0 cA tldn trdnh
nhung hidm nguy.
- D6i khi, trong mQt ddn cfing c6 nhidu con gorilla
duc. Trong trddng hop nly, con gorillad{c ldo klt6og
c6 tr6ch nhiQm trudng dAn, thr/dng di t6ch ra lang thang
trong rUng. Trong ddn, c6 hai hoi! nhi6u gorilla c6i.
Gorilla lu6n di chuydn, trong mQt khoAng rirng.
MQt ngAy cria gorilla thrrdng b{t- tlAukho$ng mQt grd
.uu kiri r"4i t.ui moc, khdi dAu budi s6ng bhng c6ch an
c6.y,15,hoa tr6i. Sau d6, gorilla nh6 tlu dAy, chry choi.
Sau khi nghi ngoi, gorilla lai tim [n cAy trdi. Khi trdi
s{p tdi, gorilla b6 Cenh cay, l6t sen lem ch6 ngu drrdi
dai hay ir6n cAy. Con dr,rctu lAm td lliy, gorilla con thrl
qudn
' quft xung quanh me ldm td ngt1.
Coiitia cdi mang thai trong 8-9 th6ng. Gidng nhtt
nsrJdi,sorilla con sinh ra c&n n{ng ti/ 3-5 pounds,khOng
tisinh-sdng lidn duoc,ntn cAn s0ng vdi me cho d6n l0c
khoAng 3 tudi. Ban dAu gorilla Pe malg con vio s6t
-Ddn
ngvc. khoAng 3 thdng, gorilla .91q0 cfng cAp tl6
aid tren lrrng me. Gorilla con c6 thg bb ddqc khi 3
th6nc-cova tli drrEckhi khoAng 6 thdng. Sau 3 n[m, go'
rilla thd bdi dAu hoin toAn t\t tuc dd di ri6ng r€.
C0ng gi6ng nhu loAi ngUdi, b6 gai phdt tri6n edm hdn
til;d, goiitl" c6i trrr&ngthenh hic khoAng? tudi vA
corilla tlic trrrdngthAnh l0c 10 tudi. Ddi sdngcfiago'
iitt" a nhrtngs& ltru c6 thd k6o dai d6n 46 nlm.
UOtcdch-deicudng,ddi sdngcriagorillamangnhidu
ddct{nh criaddi sdng loAi nguui. Gorilla c6 ddi s6ng
binh an, hidn linh, thudngy€u, sAns6c,trAch nhipm'
chechd.
TAM DUY
(DV); c6c
gorilla tlem d€n cho gorilla ddi sdng th6a mAn vd tinh
thdn vdi hqnh phric, thuong y6u (DT).
Tuong quan giila c6c gorilla ctng drloc chi phdi b&i
TAM DIJY. Thrlc dn mang lai ddi sdng cho gorilla (D'!);
gitta eilcgorilla c0ng dr,rocchi ph6i bdi luat thi€n nhiOn
(natural low, DL) qui dinh quydn han vd tr6ch nhi6m
criagoritla cha,me, con,gorilla trdong dan; vd ddi song
tinh thdn cria gorilla clng dd thd hi6n tinh thrrongvd
nhf,ng gi6 tri, dao drlc cAn bdn til thi6n nhi6n (DT) gifia
cha, me, con, gorilla ddu dan.
Gorilla c6 ddi sdngthu{n theo srJchi phdi quAnbinh,
bidn d0ng TAM DLIY ctia van vAt tr6n chinh co thd cfia
m5i gorilla vA tr6n mdi ttrong quan gifa cricgorilla. Bdi
thd, gorilla c6 duoc mOt ddi sdng binh an, hidn hba,
chfa dttng tinh thuong y6u lAn nhau.
PhAi chdng, thiy tti cfia lodi nguoi c0ng c6 dudc ddi
sdng binh an, hidn hba vd chan chfa tinh thuong nhrr
thd!
n€r,rs0
NGUOT
Ddi sdng crla loAi ngrldi trong giai doan trudc 5000
ntrm, tfc trUdckhi c6 cht viet duoc phdt minh, clrrocgoi
le ddi sdng thdi ti6n sir. Srr tim hidu vO ddi s6'ngcria
ngudi tidn sfr drra vAo nhrlng kh6m phf, nghi€n cfiu
nhang vat h6a thach (fossil),.vdt tich crla lich sfi lodi
ngUdi da duoc ghi lai.
Ngudi tidn s& xudt hiAn tr6n tr6i ddt d vdo giai doan
bdng tuydt, khdc vdi didu kien crja trrii dat hi6n thdi.
VAo thdi k! il6 chi c6 ChAu Phi, ChAu A, Trung M! vd
Nam M! ld dm dp hon. Ngudi ti6n sr?kh6ng bidt c6ch
nAo dd sudi dm. Mai ddn 500.000nf,m trudc, ho mdi
bidt ldm ra hla dd su&i dm. H9 chl mang da thf, l6ng
thd hay 16 cAy dd che.thAn cho ddn -khi ho bidt Idm
quAn 6o. Khdi ddu ngudi tien srl song bXng c6ch sAn
thd trong sudt gAn 2 triQu nArh. .
Ngudi tidn sfi sO'ngtirng nh6m, di chirydntit noi nhy
tdi noi kh6c d6 tim thrlc In. CA ddn thrrdng & m6i noi
vtri ngAy An thit thf sAn tlrtoc vd cAy trdi trong vilng,
xong di chuydn di noi kh6c. Nhrrng ho chl di chuydn
trong khoAn dAt quen thuQc, it khi gdp nh6m ngudi
khdc. Trong sudt ddi ngrJdi,c6 16 mQt ngr.tdichl bidt
ngUditrong nh6m. Chl c6 khoAng vdi ngln ngudi sdng
tr6n cA ChAu Phi vA mgt sd ngr.tditudng td s6ng I cA
Cheu A, Ho chi drrngch6 trf khi nAo ho tim d0 thfc an
dd sdng trong vii tuAn hay vAi thAng. Dd d{ng ch6 trri,
h9 dDngcinh cAyclplAm sr.rdn,dtrng 16,IOngthf hay da
th6 dd ph0 lOn, O vAi ndi, ho sdng trong hang dd.
Nhung phAn ldn nh8ng hang dA c6 thd qu6 tdi t[m, dm
rrdt, ntn ngudi ti€n srl c6 16 chl 0 trong hang khi thdi
ti6t qu6lqnh hay c6 bAotAp. Khdi dAu,ho chi gi6t nhftng
con thtl nh6 nhu chim vA dQngvft bb sdt.
Vlo khoAng 1,500,000n[m trrldc Thi0n Chfa, ho
b{t dAu tlm ra piruongc6ch vA v0 khi cAn thidt dd gidt
hay bdt nhtrng th0 ldn nhu nai, gdu, vA nhttng con voi
thdi tidn s{r. Nh0ng loAi th6 ldn nhy bidn mdt vAo
khoAng 8000 trudc Thi0n Chria. Trr'dc khi c6 thd lim
2r THAiTG2-2OOl
 ra hla, ngudi tidn sir c6 16CladDng hla rUng tu nhiCn thui tlung nUdc.
chin mQt it thf alddn, cho ddn khi ho bidt kh6m ph6 ra Saugiai doantidn sfi, tr3csau khoAngn[m 5000trudc
cdch lAm ra lita vdo khoAng b00.000 nAm trudc Thi6n Thi0n Chrla, nhtrng khdm phd Cl6ng kd nhu: khoAng
Chria. n[m 4500 til6c Thi0n Chria, ngudi & Trung D6ng bidt
Ngudi tidn srl ldm dung cu phdn ldn blng ddt. Hp dAn tluiy (irrigation), dua nudc til sdng tain adn trloi
c[ng dung dung cu lAm bhng xudng hay 96. Nhilng ddt dd tr6ng trot. Kho6ng ndm 3500 trddc Thi6n Chda,
dUngcu ntry c6-bdb6n dd cdt, caohay nghien. Hg dirng ho bidt lim dung cu vi vfr khi bbng rldng, chdm dur thdi
dung cu nAy dd cdt thf da san drrochay dd lQt da thfl dd,d6 (stone age) dd khdi srr thdi ky dd ddng (bronze
Ho ldm nhrlng dung cu bhng dd nay bhng cacir aqp hai age). H9 bidt ldm dung cu tld xdi ddt, ldm ddt ttr6m
cuc dri vio nhe! vl ding nhirng manh d6 vd c6 ua ten mAu m&, gi6p trQn ddt vdi kh6ng khi, vdi cAy muc; vi
Iirm dung cu dd ciit. cbn k6o ldp ddt t6t 6 s6u l6n tr6n m{t, girip tldt tr& n€n
Den khoAng nem 60.000 trtr6c Thi6n Ch6a, ta cl6 mdu m& tld trdng trot. KhoAng nAm 3000 trudc Thi0n
tim thdy ddu chrlng vd dAi song rOn gi6o ndo tl6. Ho di Chfa ho da bi6t ldm nung chAy kim khf
bidt ch6n ngrrdi chet. Ddn khoAng nAm 85.000 trrrdc
Thi6n Chria ta tim thdy nhffng dau vdt vd ngh6 thuat. TAM DUY
Ho dd bidt kh{c vao xL{dng,ngi voi, vi v6 tr6n d6. Ho
da bidt dnng 4 mdu cdn bAn til than, ddt s6t, m6u sric
v{t. Ho phAn ldn v6 sric vAt, ho cfing v6 ngVdi. Nhtrng .Ta thdy ldi sdng c0a ngddi tidn sr?c6 nhung n6t
gidng ldi sd-ngcriaGorilla nhu sdng tilng dAn, di chuydn
hinf v! nAy tim th6y trong hang d6 sAu v). c6 phdm
tirng clAndd kiSm thrlc dn, rdi lai di chuydnt6i noi khdc
chdt rAt to'g,nlru hinh v6 trong mgt hang dd a Fnap.
khi thrlc [n 6 ch6 ci kh6ng cbn n[a. C0ng gidng Gorilla;
Hg c0ng bidt n{n hinh ngudi den bA lhng ddt s6t. phii
hg dfngnoi tni dn bhng cdy 16hay tr[ trong hang, Ddi
ching nhtrng hlnh v6 hay tr/ong nAy c6 trrong quan ddn
sdng c0a h9 hdu nhu hoAn ioAn phu thugc vAodi6u ki$n
f niQm v€ srJtOn sirng, thdn thdnh. c0a thi€n nhi€n, Hg cfing sdng thuAn theo quArrbinh
^ Dtn n6m khoAng 15.000 tnrdc Thi€n Chria, ngr.tdi TAM DIJY cria vfr tru,
ti€n sfr.lAm drlqc cung, tBn vb ludi c6u ed bXng xuong.
Nhur^g c0ng t[ dAy, ben canh nhirng rhay ddi vd
Tnrdc,d6,-h9 sdn thrl vh tu vg bhng c6ch dtrng nhfing
cqc d6, gd vA xUdng ed mfii nhon, LoAi ned8i leh6rrC b\nh thg tdt tlep hon, cAng nghy eAng gidng ngudi hCIr
ddde,trangbi bdi hAm r6ng nanh halr m6ng vu6't nhoi {{ cu{i cr}nggiSng ngudi hohn to&n, ngubi ti6n st?ndt
cl6unhflng bddekhdm phd lu$t e&avd tru vA tii it6 ho
nhu lodi th*, nhLtd6 nhAn dd ler:iphuong each tU v0.
Ddnkho&ng nAm8000trudcThi6nOtuia,nerrAi Fp dUry drrgclu$t vfi trq dd lUm eho ddi s6'ngkh6 quan
ti'dn hon. bdt ddu bi6t qr:ansdt l&a rilng, kh6m pnd cach
cttmdithgt sUc6rhd trdngtrgt adtan thueph-dm,Ho tq-oraHo l(a bhng cdch eo sdt gifia cde v{t cdng; di,ng if/a
lilr6ngcbnphAihoantoAnphuthuQc vaovi$csAnb{n d6 nudng thit, suEi4m, Ho dA biAt lAm nhilnc drrnftcu
tim thrtedn nhutrongsu61gAn2 triQuru&in[m d6qua. bAng d6?d idt, dd nghidn,'ddlam ren sen thd: Ho 6idr
Gid h9 dd c6 thd dinh crr d mQt virng trong nhidu nim, quan
sdt lu$t sinh sAnc0a cAy c6, quan sdt trdi cAychln
trdng irot dd sinh sOhg. roi xudng ddt rdi mgc 16n cAy khdc; dd tU d6 ho khdm
Khdi dAuho b{t ddu nh$n x6t lA trdi kh6, rdt xuong phd ra cdch
dtng hat gidng dd trdng trot, tao th6m
ddt sau moc thdnh cey. Tir d6 ho tim bidt drroclu4T thrlc
An.
sinh sin cAy c6 cfia vfr tru. Ho bdt ddu thu nh6t hat Tuong tu nhu v4y, hg bidt quan s6t, khdm phd luAt
gr6hg vA rdi trdng tluoc hdu h6t nhtng cAy trdi cAn
sinh sAn cria sricvAt, dd c6 thd nu6i c6c sricvAt d noi
thidt. Clng tuong tLr nhd vay, hg bidt nu6i nhfng con
sinh s6'ng,dd tr6ng duoc cdy tr6i vA nu6i sric v+t (do-
vdt vd tao gidng cldsinh sdn ra nhlrng ddn gia sdckh6c,
mestication)& noi tru dn, ldm ngudn du trd thuc phdm.
d6 c6 thit An, kh6i ph6ii chi dua vio sAn b{n dd kie'm Nhtr vdy, ho da b{t ddu bidt 6p dung luAl crlav[ tru
thdc phdm. .C6 16 vi6c tr6ng trot vd chAn nu6i gia sdc (DL) dd thay tldi, gia
tdng luong vat chdt (D\D, tao thdm
khdi ddu 6 vr)ng lrung DOng gdm lraq, Do Thdi, Thd luong thdc. Ddng thdi ho vdn gil duoc nhUng ddc
tinh
Nhl Ky (Turkey). O vDng TAy Narn Chdu A, ho bidt xAy d4o clfc (DT) cnn bAn vd tinh thddng, vd st-rchia x6.
ch6 trri blng- cdch dnng cldt birn tr6t l6n tudng rdi ad Ngudi tidn srl ile b{t tldu cAi thiQn TAM DLIY nhung
cho kho. O Au ChAu, ho bidt xdy ch6 tr6 bdng 96. vAn gifl duoc trang th6i quAn binh TAM DIIY gdn vdi
Khi c6y tr6i tr6ng trot hdp thu hdt chdt dinh dudng thiOn nhi6n; n6n c6 16ngUditidn sr] vAn c6 drrgcmQtddi
d-virng ddt h9 rlang 6, ho lai di chuydn ddn virng kh6.c. sdng binh an, vdi tlidu ki6n sdng cdng ngAy clng khA
Ho di chuydn vi lan tr-dn kh{p ving Tdy Nam Chdu A, quan hon.
vA Ddng Nam ChAu A vAo khoAng 6000 trddc Thi6n DAy lA brrdctidn quan trong dAuti6n trong sudt mdy
Chda. KhoAng thdi gian ndy, ngudi d vilng sa mac Sa- tri$u n6m, khdi clAucho tidn trinh vin minh cfia nhAn
hara di nu6i gia sfc, cUuvi l(c d6, sa mac c6 nddc vd loai. VA chl trong nhfng ngAn nlm kd ti6p, lodi ngttdi
cAy cdi chrl kh6ng khd cln nhrr ngiy nay. Ngrtdi s6'ng tl6 thgc hiQn drrocnhrlng brrOctidn vuot buc dd dat drroc
doc theo sOngNile bdt clAutrdng trot vAo khoAng nAm mQt tldi sdng v[n minh, tiQn nghi, hanh phf c nhu ngAy
5000 trudc Thi6n Chria. KhoAng nlm 4000 trudc Thi6n nay.
Chrla, ho bdt dAu trdng trot I vilng Pakistan vA s6ng Nhung, trong c6'gdngcAi thiQn quAnbinh TAM D[IY,
HoAngHA 6 Trung Hoa. KhoAng nlm 3000 tn-tdcThi6n loAi ngUdi c0ng t16 tqo ra nhfing tinh trng bdt quAn
Chda, tr6ng trgt lan ddn vr)ng Nam Mf. KhoAng nlm binh TAM DIfY, thla tldn x6o trQn vi dau thuong cho
2500 trudc Thi6n Chtia, trdng trgt b{t tlAu & B{c Mi. nh6n Ioai./. '
Ddn khoAng n6m 7000 trtr6c Thi6n Chda, ho bi6t ldm BS lt6 Chung T\i, MD
c6c n6i lhn-g aft. Tnldc d6, ho dirng da th,i ad a,l..rg
nrJdc, Dd c6 ntt6c n6ng, ho b6 dd dun n6ng vio trii da

T SAIY' vll * 2 | THANC2.2001