academy

derivatives

formulas

Definition of the derivative

The definition of the derivative, also called the dierence quotient, is the slope of the
tangent line, which is given by
f (a) = lim

ha

f (a + h) f (a)

h

or

f (a) = lim
xa

f (x) f (a)
xa

Dierentiability
A function is dierentiable at a if f (a) exists
A function is dierentiable on an open interval (a, b) if it is dierentiable at every
number in the interval
If f is dierentiable at a, then f is continuous at a

Derivative rules
Power rule

d
n
n1
(x ) = n x
dx

Product rule

d
[ f (x)g(x)] = f (x)g(x) + f (x)g(x)
dx

Quotient rule

d f (x)
f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x)
=
2
d x [ g(x) ]
[g(x)]

Chain rule

d
[ f (g(x))] = f (g(x))g(x)
dx

Derivative of exponential functions

d
x
x
x
x
(e ) = e ln e = e (1) = e
dx

d
x
x
(a ) = a ln a
dx

Derivatives of logarithmic functions

d
a
a
log
x
=

(
b )
dx
x ln b

Derivatives of trig functions

d
a
a
ln
x
=
(
)
dx
x

d
a sin ( f (x))] = a cos ( f (x)) f (x)
dx [

d
a csc ( f (x))] = a csc ( f (x)) cot ( f (x)) f (x)
dx [

d
a cos ( f (x))] = a sin ( f (x)) f (x)
dx [

d
a sec ( f (x))] = a sec ( f (x)) tan ( f (x)) f (x)
dx [

d
a tan ( f (x))] = a sec2 ( f (x)) f (x)
[
dx

d
a cot ( f (x))] = a csc2 ( f (x)) f (x)
[
dx

Derivatives of inverse trig functions

d
a sin1 ( f (x))] =
[
dx

d
a cos1 ( f (x))] =
[
dx

a f (x)

1 [ f (x)]

a f (x)
1 [ f (x)]

d
a f (x)
1

a
tan
f
(x)
=
(
)]
2
dx [
1 + [ f (x)]

d
a csc1 ( f (x))] =
[
dx
d
a sec1 ( f (x))] =
[
dx

a f (x)
f (x) [ f (x)] 1
2

a f (x)
f (x) [ f (x)] 1
2

d
a f (x)
1
a
cot
f
(x)
=

(
)]
2
dx [
1 + [ f (x)]

Derivatives of hyperbolic trig functions

d
a sinh ( f (x))] = a cosh ( f (x)) f (x)
[
dx

d
acsch(f(x))] = acsch(f(x))coth(f(x)) f(x)
[
dx

d
a cosh ( f (x))] = a sinh ( f (x)) f (x)
[
dx

d
asech(f(x))] = atanh(f(x))sech(f(x)) f(x)
[
dx

d
a tanh ( f (x))] = asech2(f(x)) f(x)
[
dx

d
a coth ( f (x))] = acsch2(f(x)) f(x)
[
dx

Derivatives of inverse hyperbolic trig functions

d
a sinh1 ( f (x))] =
[
dx

d
a cosh1 ( f (x))] =
[
dx
d
1
a
tanh
( f (x))] =
dx [

a f (x)

1 + [ f (x)]

a f (x)
[ f (x)] 1
2

a f (x)
1 [ f (x)]

d
acsch1(f(x))] =
[
dx

d
asech1(f(x))] =
[
dx

e x e x
sinh x =

2

cschx =

1
sinh x

e x + e x
cosh x =

2

sechx =

1
cosh x

coth x =

cosh x
sinh x

sinh x

cosh x

| f (x) |

[ f (x)] + 1
2

a f (x)
f (x) 1 [ f (x)]

d
1
a
coth
( f (x))] =
dx [

Definitions of hyperbolic trig functions

tanh x =

a f (x)

a f (x)
1 [ f (x)]

Hyperbolic trig identities

sinh(x) = sinh x

cosh(x) = cosh x

cosh2 x sinh2 x = 1

1 tanh2 x = sech2x

sinh(x + y) = sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y

cosh(x + y) = cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y