Grade 9 Science

Unit 1: Atoms, Elements,

and Compounds

Grade 9 Science... Unit 1

Chapter 1: Atomic theory
explains the composition and
behaviour of matter.

Lab Safety... A Review

Safety MUST be your top

priority.
Know them before you do the
lab and use them while doing the
lab.

Laboratory Safety
Complete activity 1-1A pg. 9

Safety Rules for the Science Lab

pages 10-11
General
Glassware

Chemicals
Hot plates and open flames
Electrical equipment

WHMIS... Page 12

W
H
M
I
S

workplace
hazardous
materials
information
system

Hazard Symbols... Page 13

Dangerous
Dangerous
Container
Contents

Properties of Matter
Matter is anything that has mass

and volume.
Mass is the amount of matter in a
substance or object.
Volume is the amount of space a
substance or object occupies.

Matter is made up of elements.

Elements are substances that

contain one type of matter and

cannot be broken down or
separated into simpler
substances.

Describing Matter
1. Physical Properties pg. 18
Characteristics Can be either
of matter that
qualitative
are often
(observed) or
observed or
quantitative
measured.
(measured).

Color
Malleability
Lustre
Conductivity
Boiling point
Melting point
Texture
Magnetism
Density

2. Chemical Properties pg. 19

Observed

when
substances
react with
each other.

Determines a

substances
usefulness.

Reactivity
Combustibility
Toxicity

Core Lab Activity 1-2C pg. 20

Physical and Chemical Properties

Theory vs. Law

A theory is less well supported
than a law.
Most laws are supported by
different and robust
experimental evidence.

Atomic Theory
The descriptions of matter and

how it behaves.
Has undergone many
modifications as new facts
became available.

Early ideas... 2000 years ago

Empedocles: matter was
composed of four elements;
earth, air, water, and fire.

Democritus: eventually a

substance will be cut into a piece

that can no longer be cut. He
called this piece atomos.

Development of Atomic Theory

John Dalton (1766-1844)
He suggested that the particles that
make up matter are like small, hard
spheres that are different for
different elements.
He defined an atom as the smallest
particle of an element.

Daltons Model... Billiard Ball

Model

J.J. Thomson (1856-1940)

He suggested that all atoms must

contain electrons (negative
charge).
His model pictured a positively
charged ball with the negatively
charged electrons embedded in
it.

Thomsons Model... Raisin Bun

Model

Ernst Rutherford (1871-1937)

He discovered that atoms have a

nucleus.
There are two kinds of particles in
the nucleus; protons (positive
charge) and neutrons (neutral).

Rutherfords Model... Planetary

Model

Niels Bohr (1885-1962)

He proposed that electrons

surround the nucleus in specific
energy levels or shells.
Each electron has a particular
amount of energy.

Bohrs Model... Orbital Model

 Rutherford was able to develop

Thomsons model due to the

development of new
technologies. (gold foil experiment)
The development of cyclotrons
and proton accelerators have
further developed the model
accepted today.

Summary...

Inside the Atom

Subatomic
Particle

Charge Mass Location

Proton (p+)

Large Nucleus

Neutron (n)

Large Nucleus

Electron (e-)

very Energy levels

small

The Atom