Motherboard

The mother board is an example of a printed circuit board

(PCB). It is the housing unit for all essential peripherals such
as RAM and CPU and connects them. The motherboard has
certain limits to the types of peripherals that can be attached
to it such as an AMD chip cant be used with an Intel
motherboard, this also includes RAM as you cant fully use
quad RAM on a dual RAM board.

CPU or Processor
The CPU is the so called brain of a computer it is housed on the mother
board and controls everything to do with the computer. It
processes instructions from the computers that are not
graphically intensive such as calculations by moving bits of
data in the computer CPUs can process graphics but are very
inefficient. The speeds in which CPU can do the calculations
requested of it are measured in hertz. A hertz is a cycle in a
second so a 2 hertz CPU can do 2 cycles per second. Due to the
massive movements of electricity a CPU has to process they get very hot and
additional accessories are required to cool it down without throttling the CPU.

Cooling fans/ Heat sinks

Moving bits of data and processing create a lot of waste heat due to resistance and
inefficiencys in the peripherals or board. Heat can damage parts of computers by
burning them or melting, to combat this, parts of the computer will
start to slow down or throttle. This in turn stops a computer from
reaching its maximum potential another way to cool a computer
down is to use cooling fans which blow cold air into the case
which intern absorbs the heat that the computer generates.
Another way to cool down the computer is to attach heat sinks
which are pieces of metal that are designed to pull the heat
away from the component and radiates it out.

RAM
It is used by the computer as memory to store information for
the programs that a computer needs to do its job if the program
is running. The information on the RAM is rewriteable in any
order at a fast speed the size of the ram dictates the amount of
running information programs can store at any time.

HDD

Is a platter of discs that is magnetic and used for storage of digital data.
Each of the discs has a reading and writing side so it can be
simultaneously read and wrote. They are usually found in most
computers as they can hold hundreds of gigabytes of data.

Graphics card
All motherboards have a built in GPU which isnt very
powerful but is required to have the computer working as it
processes the pixels on screen. Most motherboards have a
GPU expansion slot in which you can add a GPU to process
more graphical tasks such as rendering 3D models faster.
They are required to do over a billion calculations per second
as they have taken over the CPU for control of pixels on
screen and now the CPU just tells it what to process.

NIC
a NIC card is required for a network as it allows signals to be
transmitted to and fro from the computer be it by Ethernet,
infra-red or Wi-Fi. Most motherboards have an inbuilt NIC but
it cant handle higher bandwidths that some people would
require.

Key board
Is used to send inputs into the machine which it then processes
as symbols and then the running program processes is and
responds with an action on screen.

Mouse
A mouse is used by a computer to move the cursor around the
screen is does this by a laser or track ball which movements are
imputed into the computer and the curser moves accordingly.

Microphone
A microphone is used to record voice onto