HELICOPTER ENGINEERING

Flying machines
Parts of helicopter
Helicopter configurations
Anti-torque systems

INTRODUCTION
Genealogical Tree

Autogyro

Early 1480s Leonardo da vinci

Helicopter Main Rotor Assembly

Momentum theoryInduced Velocities

V

V+v

The excess velocity in the

Far wake is twice the induced
Velocity at the rotor disk.
To accommodate this excess
Velocity, the stream tube
has to contract.

V+2v
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Swashplate

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Tail Rotor

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Decreased velocity
Increased velocity

Retreating half
Advancing half

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Helicopter configuration
The helicopter configuration is based on
Rotor Head systems
Anti-torque systems
Roler mission

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Rotor Head System

The Rotor Head Systems are based on
No. of Blades
Single rotor
Double Rotor
Multiple Rotor

Mast

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ROTORS

Dual rotors(counter rotating)

Tandem
Co-axial
Intermeshing
Transverse
Quadrotor

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DUAL ROTORS
Counterrotating rotors are rotorcraft configurations with a
pair or more of large horizontal rotors turning in opposite
directions to counteract the effects of torque on the aircraft
without relying on an antitorque tail rotor. This allows the
power normally required to drive the tail rotor to be
applied to the main rotors, increasing the aircraft's lifting
capacity. Primarily, there are three common configurations
that use the counterrotating effect to benefit the rotorcraft .

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TANDEM

Tandem rotors are two rotors with one mounted

behind the other.

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CO-AXIAL

Coaxial rotors are two rotors that are mounted one

above the other with the same axis.

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INTER MESHING
Intermeshing rotors are two rotors
that are mounted close to each
other at a sufficient angle to allow
the rotors to intermesh over the
top of the aircraft. Another
configuration found on tiltrotors
and some earlier helicopters is
called transverse rotors where the
pair of rotors are mounted at each
end of wing-type structures or
outriggers.

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TRANSVERSE

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QUADROTOR

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Main Rotor Mast

Rotating shaft from the transmission which connects the
main rotor blades to helicopter fuselage.

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ANTI-TORQUE SYSTEMS

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ANTI-TORQUE SYSTEMS
cont

FENSTRON
NOTAR
TIP JETS
COMPOUND

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FENSTRON

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NOTAR

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TIP JETS

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COMPOUND

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