Hng dn hc SQL cho ngi mi bt u (SQLServer)

1- Gii thiu
2- C s d liu hc SQL (LearningSQL)
3- Bt u nhanh
3.1- Cng c lm vic vi SQLServer
4- Cc cu lnh truy vn (Query)
4.1- SQL Select
4.2- SQL Distinct
4.3- SQL Where
4.4- SQL And Or (V, hoc)
4.5- SQL IN (Trong phm vi..)
4.6- SQL Between (Nm gia ...)
4.7- SQL Wildcard
4.8- SQL Like (Ging vi ...)
4.9- SQL Order By (Sp xp bi)
4.10- SQL Group By (Nhm bi ...)
4.11- SQL Having
5- Cc cu lnh trn d liu (Insert)
5.1- Cu lnh Insert Into
5.2- Cu lnh Insert Into Select
6- Cu lnh cp nhp (Update)
7- Cu lnh xa d liu (Delete)
8- SQL Functions
8.1- SQL Count
8.2- SQL Sum
8.3- SQL AVG
8.4- SQL MIN
8.5- SQL MAX
9- SQL Join
9.1- INNER JOIN (Hoc JOIN)
9.2- LEFT OUTER JOIN (Hoc LEFT JOIN)
9.3- RIGHT OUTER JOIN (Hoc RIGHT JOIN)
9.4- FULL OUTER JOIN (Hoc OUTER JOIN)
10- Cu truy vn con (Subquery)
10.1- Subquery trong mnh Where
10.2- Subquery trong mnh From
10.3- Subquery trong mnh Select

TI LIU ANG C CP NHP 85%

1- Gii thiu
Ti liu ny hng dn cho nhng ngi mi bt u lm quen vi SQL. Ti liu hng dn da trn:

SQLServer
Ni dung bao gm

Ngn ng SQL

Ng php SQL (Ng php c bn, tiu chun cho mi loi DB)

Ng php SQL ring ca SQLServer.

2- C s d liu hc SQL (LearningSQL)

Ti liu ny s dng c s d liu LearningSQL (phin bn SQLServer). Bn cn to c s d liu
tin cho vic hc (Bn ch mt khng qu 5 pht lm vic ny).
Script to c s d liu v cu trc ca c s d liu ny bn c th xem ti:

http://o7planning.org/web/fe/default/vi/document/20852/co-so-du-lieu-hoc-sql-learningsqlsqlserver

3- Bt u nhanh

3.1- Cng c lm vic vi SQLServer

y ti s dng SQLServer Management Studio 2008, mt cng c sn c sau khi bn ci
t SQLServer. Bn c th xem qua hng dn ci tSQLServer ti:

http://o7planning.org/web/fe/default/vi/document/20457/huong-dan-cai-dat-va-cau-hinhsqlserver-express-2008

4- Cc cu lnh truy vn (Query)

4.1- SQL Select

Cu lnh Select l mt cu lnh c bn nht trong SQL, mc ch l truy vn d liu trong cc bng
(Table).

PRODUCT_TYPE: Bng d liu cc kiu sn phm (Kiu dch v ca ngn hng).

y l cu lnh truy vn d liu trn bng PRODUCT_TYPE

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-- Truy vn d liu trn bng Product_Type

-- Truy vn ton b cc ct.
Select * From Product_Type;
-- Cu lnh truy vn trn v cu lnh di y l tng ng nhau.
-- Pty l alias (tn b danh t cho bng Product_Type).
Select Pty.* From Product_Type Pty;
-- Truy vn mt vi ct
-- C th lit k ra.
Select Pty.Product_Type_Cd
,Pty.Name
From Product_Type Pty;

Kt qu truy vn:

Truy vn d liu trn bng EMPLOYEE:

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-- Truy vn 4 ct trn bng Employee (Bng nhn vin).

-- S dng Emp l Alias (Tn b danh) cho bng Employee.
Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Dept_Id
From Employee Emp;

Kt qu truy vn:

t Alias cho ct:

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-- Hm Convert(Varchar, <intvalue>) chuyn mt s thnh ch (Varchar) (Hm ca

-- S dng ton t + ni hai chui (C th khng c h tr bi DB khc)
-- Chng ta c mt ct mi s dng 'as' nh ngha tn ct cho ct mi ny.
Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Dept_Id
,'EMP' + Convert(Varchar,Emp.Emp_Id) As Emp_No2 -- Ct mi
From Employee Emp;
-- C th khng cn s dng 'as' trong nh ngha Alias cho ct.
Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Dept_Id
,'EMP' + Convert(varchar,Emp.Emp_Id ) Emp_No2 -- Ct mi
From Employee Emp;

Kt qu truy vn:

4.2- SQL Distinct

Cu lnh Distinct c s dng cng vi Select, dng select cc d liu, b qua cc d liu trng
nhau. C php l:
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Select distinct <column1>, <column2>

....

Xem v d:
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-- Truy vn sn phm (Sn phm dch v ca Ngn hng)

-- Ct m sn phm, tn v kiu sn phm.
Select Pro.Product_Cd
,Pro.Name
,Pro.Product_Type_Cd
From Product Pro;
-- Truy vn cc kiu sn phm (Product_Type_Cd) trong bng Product.
-- D liu l nhiu, nhng trng nhau.
Select Pro.Product_Type_Cd from Product Pro;
-- Cn s dng Distinct loi b vic trng lp.
Select Distinct Pro.Product_Type_Cd from Product Pro;

Kt qu chy cc cu lnh trn:

4.3- SQL Where

Where l cu lnh nhm gii hn phm vi tm kim. Chng hn bn mun tm kim nhng sn phm
dch v c kiu "Cho vay c nhn v kinh doanh".

Product_Type_Cd = 'LOAN'.

Bn cn truy vn trong bng PRODUCT, ti cc v tr c Product_Type_Cd= 'LOAN'.

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-- Truy vn bng Product tm cc sn phm dch v c kiu:

-- "Cho vay c nhn v kinh doanh".
-- ng vi ct Product_Type_Cd = 'LOAN'.
Select * From Product Pro Where Pro.Product_Type_Cd = 'LOAN';

Kt qu truy vn:

Mt v d khc s dng where v nhiu iu kin km theo.

4.4- SQL And Or (V, hoc)

And v Or l 2 lnh iu kin s dng trong where:
Chng hn bn mun tm danh sch cc nhn vin c tn bt u bi ch S v thuc phng iu hnh
(Operations).
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-- Cu lnh tm kim cc Nhn vin c tn bt u bi ch S.

Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Dept_Id
From Employee Emp
Where Emp.First_Name Like 'S%';
-- Cu lnh tm kim cc nhn vin c tn bt u bi ch S
-- v thuc phng iu hnh (Operations) Dept_Id = 1.
Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Dept_Id
From Employee Emp
Where Emp.First_Name Like 'S%'
And Emp.Dept_Id = 1;

Kt qu chy cc cu truy vn:

V d vi cu lnh Or.
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-- Tm kim cc nhn vin c tn bt u bi ch S hoc P.

-- v trong phng iu hnh (Operations). (Dept_Id = 1)
Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Dept_Id
From Employee Emp
Where (Emp.First_Name Like 'S%' Or Emp.First_Name Like 'P%')
And Emp.Dept_Id = 1;

Kt qu chy cu lnh:

4.5- SQL IN (Trong phm

vi..)
Cu lnh in trong where s dng trong tnh hung tm kim gi tr thuc mt tp hp nht nh.
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-- Cu lnh ny tm kim cc nhn vin c tn

-- hoc Susan hoc Paula hoc Helen.
Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Dept_Id
From Employee Emp
Where Emp.First_Name In ('Susan'
,'Paula'
,'Helen');

Kt qu chy cu lnh:

4.6- SQL Between

(Nm gia ...)
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-- Tm cc nhn vin c Emp_Id trong khong t 5 n 10.

Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Start_Date
From Employee Emp
Where (Emp.Emp_Id Between 5 And 10);
-- Cu lnh trn tng ng vi:
Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Start_Date
From Employee Emp
Where Emp.Emp_Id >= 5
And Emp.Emp_Id <= 10;

Kt qu cu lnh:

Cu lnh BETWEEN cng c s dng trong vic gii hn thi gian. Chng hn bn tm kim cc
nhn vin bt u lm trong khong thi gian t

03-05-2002 ==> 09-08-2002 (Theo dd-MM-yyyy)

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-- Cu lnh ny tm kim cc nhn vin bt u vo lm vic trong 1 khong thi

-- xc nh trong mnh where.
-- 03-05-2002 ==> 09-08-2002 (Theo dd-MM-yyyy)
Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Start_Date
, -- Hm Convert(Varchar, <Date>, 105) chuyn Date thnh Varchar dng DD-- y l hm ca SQLServer. khng dng cho DB khc.
Convert(Varchar, Emp.Start_Date
,105) Start_Date_Vn
From Employee Emp
Where
-- Hm Convert(Datetime, <Varchar>, 105) chuyn text dng DD-MM-YYYY sang Datet
-- (y l hm ca SQLServer, c th ko c trn cc DB khc)
( -Emp.Start_Date Between Convert(Datetime, '03-05-2002'
,105) And
Convert(Datetime,'09-08-2002'
,105) -);

Kt qu chy cu lnh:

4.7- SQL
Wildcard
C 2 k t c bit trong SQL:
1. K t %
2. K t _
ngha:

% m t 0, 1 hoc nhiu k t

_ m t chnh xc mt k t.

Hai k t ny thng c s dng trong iu kin like.

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-----

Tm kim cc Khch hng (Customer) c s FED_ID theo nh dng:

Phn trc bt k, ri ti du - , ri ti 2 k t, ri ti du -, v cui b
S dng 2 du _ minh ha rng l 2 k t.
(Mi du _ l chnh xc mt k t).

Select Cus.Cust_Id
,Cus.Fed_Id
,Cus.Address
From Customer Cus
where cus.fed_id like '%-__-%';

Kt qu chy v d:

Cu lnh ny chng ta lm quen trn mt s v d trn.

4.8SQL
Like
(Ging
vi ...)

4.9SQL
Order
By
(Sp
xp
bi)

Vic query d liu cho mt tp kt qu, m c th n sp xp khng nh mun, s dng Order by

sp xp kt qu tr v.
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-- C php
SELECT "column_name"

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FROM "table_name"
[WHERE "condition"]
ORDER BY "column_name1" [ASC, DESC], "column_name2" [ASC, DESC];
-- Ghi ch:
-- ASC: ngha l sp xp tng dn (Mc nh)
-- DESC: Ngha l sp xp gim dn.

V d:
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-- Sp xp u tin Product_Type_Cd tng dn

-- Sau mi ti Name (Cng tng dn)
Select Pro.Product_Cd
,Pro.Product_Type_Cd
,Pro.Name
From Product Pro
Order By Pro.Product_Type_Cd Asc
,Pro.Name
Asc;

-- Trong Order BY, ASC l mc nh.

-- V vy c th ko cn vit ASC.
Select Pro.Product_Cd
,Pro.Product_Type_Cd
,Pro.Name
From Product Pro
Order By Pro.Product_Type_Cd
,Pro.Name;
-- Sp xp u tin Product_Type_Cd gim dn
-- Sau mi ti Name (Tng dn)
Select Pro.Product_Cd
,Pro.Product_Type_Cd
,Pro.Name
From Product Pro
Order By Pro.Product_Type_Cd Desc
,Pro.Name
Asc;

Kt qu chy v d:

Order By bao gi cng ng sau where.

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-- Tm cc nhn vin c tn bt u bi S.
-- Sp xp gim dn theo ngy bt u vo lm vic.
Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Start_Date
From Employee Emp
Where Emp.First_Name Like 'S%'
Order By Emp.Start_Date Desc;

Kt qu chy cu lnh:

C php SQLServer: (Khng phi l tiu chun ca SQL, do vy c th khng c h tr

bi Database khc)
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-----

y l c php ca SQLServer(C th khng c h tr bi Database khc).

S dng th t ca ct vo trong cu Order by.
First_Name l ct th 2 trong cu Select
C th s dng: Order by 2 thay cho Order by First_Name.

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Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Start_Date
From Employee Emp
Order By 2 Desc;

Trc ht chng ta cn hiu cc hm tng hp (Aggregate Functions) l g:

Sum: Hm tnh tng

Avg: Hm ly trung bnh

Count: Hm tnh s ln

Min: Hm tm gi tr nh nht

Max: Hm tm gi tr ln nht

l mt s hm tng hp (Aggregate) thng dng. Chng c th tham gia vo cu lnh nhm

(Group by).
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-- Truy vn d liu trong bng Account.

Select Acc.Account_Id
,Acc.Product_Cd
,Acc.Avail_Balance
,Acc.Pending_Balance
From Account Acc;

4.10SQL
Group
By
(Nhm
bi ...)

Cu hi t ra bn mun xem tng s tin c trong ti khon, ng vi mi loi dch v (Product_Cd)

khc nhau. iu c ngha l bn cn nhm trn cc Product_Cd.
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Select Acc.Product_Cd
,Count(Acc.Product_Cd) As Count_Acc -- S ti khon
,Sum(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Sum_Avail_Balance -- Tng s tin trong ti kho
,Avg(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Avg_Avail_Balance -- S tin trung bnh
From Account Acc
Group By Acc.Product_Cd;

Kt qu:

Nh vy bn c mt ci nhn nh gi:

C 4 ti khon tham gia dch v "Tin gi tit kim" (SAV) vi tng s tin l 1855.76 v
trung bnh mi ti khon c 463.94.

...

4.11- SQL
Having

Having l mt cu lnh iu kin ca Group by.

Gi s bn mun nhm cc loi hnh dch v (Product_Cd) trn bng Account, v ch hin th ra cc
loi hnh no c s ngi tham gia > 3.
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Select Acc.Product_Cd
,Count(Acc.Product_Cd) As Count_Acc -- S ti khon
,Sum(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Sum_Avail_Balance -- Tng s tin trong ti kho
,Avg(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Avg_Avail_Balance -- S tin trung bnh
From Account Acc
Group By Acc.Product_Cd
Having Count(Acc.Product_Cd) > 3;

Kt qu chy v d:

Phn bit Where & Having

Bn cn phn bit Where v Having trong cng mt cu lnh.

Where l cu lnh lc bt d liu trc khi nhm (Group)

Having l cu lnh lc bt d liu sau khi nhm (Group)

Trng hp bn mun c cc thng tin tng hp ca mt chi nhnh ngn hng (Bng BRANCH). Bn
c th s dng where lc bt d liu trc khigroup.

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Select Acc.Product_Cd
,Count(Acc.Product_Cd) As Count_Acc
,Sum(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Sum_Avail_Balance
,Avg(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Avg_Avail_Balance
From Account Acc
-- S dng Where lc bt d liu trc khi group.
Where Acc.Open_Branch_Id = 1
Group By Acc.Product_Cd
-- S dng Having lc bt d liu sau khi group
Having Count(Acc.Product_Cd) > 1;

Kt qu chy v d:

5- Cc cu lnh trn d liu (Insert)

5.1- Cu lnh Insert Into

C php:
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-- C php cu lnh Insert Into:

INSERT INTO "table_name" ("column1", "column2", ...)
VALUES ("value1", "value2", ...);

V d bn trn thm mt giao dch khch hng vo bng ACC_TRANSACTION:

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-- Trn 1 dng d liu vo bng Acc_Trasaction

-- Ct Txn_ID t ng c sinh ra.
-- (Txn_ID khng tham gia vo trong cu Insert)
-- Current_Timestamp l hm ca SQLServer ly ra gi h thng (System Date)
-- Current_Timestamp : Gi hin ti.
Insert Into Acc_Transaction

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(Amount
,Funds_Avail_Date
,Txn_Date
,Txn_Type_Cd
,Account_Id
,Execution_Branch_Id
,Teller_Emp_Id)
Values
(100 -- Amount
,Current_Timestamp -- Funds_Avail_Date
,Current_Timestamp -- Txn_Date
,'CDT' -- Txn_Type_Cd
,2 -- Account_Id
,Null -- Execution_Branch_Id
,Null -- Teller_Emp_Id
);

5.2- Cu lnh Insert Into Select

Bn c th s dng cu Select cung cp d liu trn vo bng. Thng qua cu lnh Insert Into ...
Select.
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-- Ng php cu lnh INSERT INTO .. SELECT

INSERT INTO "table1" ("column1", "column2", ...)
SELECT "column3", "column4", ...
FROM "table2";

V d:
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-- Txn_Id t sinh ra (Khng cn phi tham gia vo cu Insert)

-- Trn nhiu dng d liu vo bng Acc_Transaction
-- Ly d liu t cu Select.
Insert Into Acc_Transaction
( Txn_Date
,Account_Id
,Txn_Type_Cd
,Amount
,Funds_Avail_Date)
Select Acc.Open_Date -- Txn_Date
,Acc.Account_Id -- Account_Id
,'CDT' -- Txn_Type_Cd
,200 -- Amount
,Acc.Open_Date -- Funds_Avail_Date
From Account Acc
Where Acc.Product_Cd = 'CD';

6- Cu lnh cp nhp (Update)

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-- C php cu lnh Update:

UPDATE "table_name"
SET "column_1" = "new value 1", "column_2"= "new value 2"
WHERE "condition";

V d bn mun tng tin trong cc ti khon ca khch hng c CUST_ID = 1 ln 2%.

Theo logic, mi khch hng c th c mt hoc nhiu ti khon, mi ti khon ng vi 1 sn
phm dch v ca ngn hng.

Cu lnh Update:
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-- Update, tng s tin trong ti khon ln 2% cho khch hng CUST_ID = 1.

Update Account
Set Avail_Balance
= Avail_Balance + 2 * Avail_Balance / 100
,Pending_Balance = Pending_Balance + 2 * Pending_Balance / 100
Where Cust_Id = 1;

Truy vn li, sau khi Update.

7- Cu lnh xa d liu (Delete)

C php xa d liu trong bng.
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-- C php xa cc dng d liu trong bng.

DELETE FROM "table_name"
WHERE "condition";

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-- Xa 2 dng d liu trong bng Acc_Transaction:

Delete From Acc_Transaction
Where Txn_Id In (25
,26);

8.1- SQL Count

8- SQL Functions

Count l mt hm, m s dng trong cu Query. Thng thng n thng c s dng cng
vi Group by.
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-- m s row (dng) c trong bng Account

Select Count(Acc.Account_Id) As Count_Acc From Account Acc;

m s ti khon ngn hng, c giao dch vi ngn hng (Bng Acc_Transaction)

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-- m s ti khon c giao dch vi ngn hng.

Select Count(distinct txn.Account_id) as Distinct_Acc From Acc_Transaction txn;

S dng vi Group by:

Mt khch hng c th m nhiu ti khon, mi ti khon ng vi mt sn phm dch v ca ngn
hng.

Bn mun lit k cc khch hng (CUST_ID) v tng ng l s ti khon h m.

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-- m s ti khon m ng vi mi khch hng.

Select Acc.Cust_Id
,Count(Acc.Account_Id) As Count_Acc
From Account Acc
Group By Acc.Cust_Id;

8.2- SQL Sum

Sum l hm dng tnh tng gi tr mt ct trong cu SQL.
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-- C php:

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SELECT SUM("column_name")
FROM "table_name";

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-- Tnh tng s tin trong cc ti khon ca khch hng vi Cust_ID = 1

Select Sum(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Sum_Avail_Balance
From Account Acc Where Acc.Cust_Id = 1;

-- S dng vi Group by.

-- Tnh tng s tin trong ti khon ng vi mi khch hng
Select Acc.Cust_Id
,Sum(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Sum_Avail_Balance
From Account Acc
Group By Acc.Cust_Id;

8.3- SQL AVG

AVG l hm tnh trung bnh trn ct.
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-- C php:
SELECT AVG("column_name")
FROM "table_name";

V d:

-- Tnh s tin trung bnh ng vi loi hnh gi tit kim.

Select Avg(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Avg_Avail_Balance

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From Account Acc

Where Acc.Product_Cd = 'SAV';

-- S dng vi Group by.

-- Mt khch hng c th c 1 hoc nhiu ti khon.
-- Tnh s tin trung bnh mi ti khon ng vi tng khch hng
-- (ti ngn hng Branch_ID = 1)
Select Acc.Cust_Id
,Avg(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Avg_Avail_Balance
From Account Acc
Where Acc.Open_Branch_Id = 1
Group By Acc.Cust_Id;

8.4- SQL MIN

Min l hm tm gi tr nh nht trn ct.
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-- C php:
SELECT MIN ("column_name")
FROM "table_name";

V d:
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-- Tm s tin gi tit kim nh nht.

Select Min(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Min_Avail_Balance
From Account Acc
Where Acc.Product_Cd = 'SAV';

-- S dng vi Group by.

-- Mt khch hng c th c 1 hoc nhiu ti khon.
-- M ti cc chi nhnh khc nhau.
-- Tm s tin trong ti khon nh nht ng vi tng chi nhnh
Select Acc.Open_Branch_Id
,Min(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Min_Avail_Balance
From Account Acc
Group By Acc.Open_Branch_Id;

8.5- SQL MAX

Min l hm tm gi tr ln nht trn ct. Cch s dng ging MIN, bn c th tham kho cc v d ti
MIN.
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-- C php:
SELECT MAX("column_name")
FROM "table_name";

9- SQL Join
t ra mt tnh hung bn xem thng tin mt nhn vin trong bng EMPLOYEE. Bn c th thy
nhn vin bit ID phng ban ca nhn vin ny. Nhng l mt con s v ngha. Mun bit tn
phng ban, bn phi tra cu sang bng DEPARTMENT. Vic ni 2 bng vi nhau c mt thng
tin y c gi l JOIN.

C 4 hnh thc Join:

INNER JOIN (JOIN)

LEFT OUTER JOIN (LEFT JOIN)

RIGHT OUTER JOIN (RIGHT JOIN)

FULL OUTER JOIN

CROSS JOIN

(OUTER JOIN)

9.1- INNER JOIN (Hoc JOIN)

INNER JOIN t kha chn tt c cc dng t hai bng min l c s n khp d liu gia cc ct
trong c hai bng.

C php:
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-- C php
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
-- C th thay INNER JOIN bi JOIN
-- ngha v kt qu l nh nhau.
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

V d:
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-- INNER JOIN 2 bng EMPLOYEE v DEPARTMENT.

Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Dept_Id
,Dep.Name Dept_Name
From Employee Emp
Inner Join Department Dep
On
Emp.Dept_Id = Dep.Dept_Id
Order By Emp.Emp_Id;

C php ring ca SQLServer:

?

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-- C php ny cng c h tr bi Oracle & MySQL

-- Vic INNER JOIN theo cch vit khc ca SQLServer thc s n gin.
-- SQLServer y iu kin JOIN hai bng xung WHERE.
Select Emp.Emp_Id
,Emp.First_Name
,Emp.Last_Name
,Emp.Dept_Id
,Dep.Name Dept_Name
From Employee
Emp
,Department Dep
Where Emp.Dept_Id = Dep.Dept_Id
Order By Emp.Emp_Id;

9.2- LEFT OUTER JOIN (Hoc LEFT JOIN)

LEFT OUTER JOIN l t kha tr v tt c cc hng (rows) t bng bn tri (table1), vi cc hng
tng ng trong bng bn phi (table2). Chp nhn c d liu NULL bng 2.

Hy xem hnh minh ha di y:

V d:
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-- Customer LEFT OUTER JOIN Officer

-- C th thay th LEFT OUTER JOIN bi LEFT JOIN ( ngha v kt qu l ging n
Select Cus.Cust_Id
,Cus.Fed_Id
,Cus.State
,Ofc.Cust_Id As Ofc_Cust_Id
,Ofc.Officer_Id
,Ofc.Start_Date
,Ofc.Title
From Customer Cus -- Table1
Left Outer Join Officer Ofc -- Table2
On
Cus.Cust_Id = Ofc.Cust_Id;

Kt qu:

9.3- RIGHT OUTER JOIN (Hoc RIGHT

JOIN)
RIGHT OUTER JOIN ngc li vi LEFT OUTER JOIN:

9.4- FULL OUTER JOIN (Hoc OUTER

JOIN)
FULL OUTER JOIN l s kt hp ca LEFT OUTER JOIN v RIGHT OUTER JOIN

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-- C php: (FULL OUTER JOIN)

-- C th vit FULL JOIN

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SELECT columns
FROM table1
FULL [OUTER] JOIN table2
ON table1.column = table2.column;

10- Cu truy vn con

(Subquery)
Trong SQLServer, mt subquery l mt truy vn trong mt truy vn. Bn c th to cc truy vn con
trong cu lnh SQL ca bn. Nhng truy vn con c th nm trong mnh WHERE, mnh
FROM, hoc mnh SELECT.

10.1- Subquery trong mnh Where

Kh thng xuyn, cc subquery s c tm thy trong mnh WHERE. Nhng truy vn con cn
c gi l truy vn con lng nhau.
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Select Acc.Account_Id
,Acc.Open_Date
,Acc.Product_Cd
,Acc.Avail_Balance
From Account Acc
Where Acc.Cust_Id In
(Select Cus.Cust_Id From Customer Cus Where Cus.Cust_Type_Cd = 'B')

10.2- Subquery trong mnh From

Mt truy vn ph cng c th c tm thy trong mnh FROM. Chng c gi l inline views.
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Select Cus.Cust_Id
,Cus.Address
,Cus.Fed_Id
,Acc2.Sum_Avail_Balance
From Customer Cus
, -- Cu Subquery nh ngha 1 bng o (inline view)
(Select Acc.Cust_Id
,Sum(Acc.Avail_Balance) As Sum_Avail_Balance
From Account Acc
Group By Acc.Cust_Id) Acc2
Where Cus.Cust_Id = Acc2.Cust_Id;

10.3- Subquery trong mnh Select

Mt truy vn ph cng c th c tm thy trong mnh SELECT.
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Select Cus.Cust_Id
,Cus.Address
,Cus.Fed_Id
,(Select Sum(Acc.Avail_Balance)
From Account Acc

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Where Acc.Cust_Id = Cus.Cust_Id) As Sum_Avail_Balance

From Customer Cus;