7.

Inverse Transforms and Transforms of Derivatives

Inverse Transforms
If the Laplace transform of f (t ) is F ( s ) , that is:

{ f (t )} = F ( s )

Then the inverse Laplace transform of F ( s ) is f (t ) , that is:

1{ F ( s )} = f (t )

Transforms
{ f (t )} = F ( s )

Inverse Transforms
1{ F ( s )} = f (t )

1.

{1} = 1 / s

1{1 / s} = 1

2.

{t} = 1/ s 2

1 1/ s 2 = t

3.

{ t n} =

n!
s n +1

n!
1 n+1 = t n
s

4.

{ e at } =

1
sa

1 at
1
=e
s a

5.

{sin kt} =

k
s + k2

k
1 2
= sin kt
2
s + k

6.

{cos kt} =

s
s + k2

s
1 2
= cos kt
2
s + k

7.

{sinh kt} =

k
s k2

k
1 2
= sinh kt
2
s k

8.

{cosh kt} =

s k2

s
1 2
= cosh kt
2
s k

Examples:

Evaluate:
1 3t
1. 1
=e
s 3

2
2. 1 3 = t 2
s
3
3. 1 2
= sin 3t
s +9
s
4. 1 2
= cosh 4t
s 16

Evaluating Inverse Laplace Transforms

(a) The inverse Laplace transform ( 1 ) is a linear transform, that is, for constants
and ,

1{ F ( s ) + G ( s )} = 1{ F ( s )} + 1{G ( S )}
where F and G are the transforms of some functions f and g .

Example:

Evaluate

6 s
3
5. 1 + 2

s s + 4
2
3
7
6. 1
2+ 2

s 9
s +3 s

(b) In evaluating inverse transforms, if the given function of

s closely (not exactly)

match with a form F ( s ) from the table of Laplace transform, then it may be
necessary to fix up the function s by multiplying and dividing by an appropriate
constant.

Examples:

Evaluate

1
7. 1

4s 1
2
8. 1 2

s +9
2

1
1 2
9. 3
s s

(c) If the given function of s is a rational function, and if termwise division is possible,
then apply the division first before evaluating its inverse.

Examples:

10.
11.

Evaluate

8s 3
1

3
s

s 3
1 2

s + 2

(d) If the given function of s is a rational function and its denominator is factorable into
distinct factors, then, decompose the function into a sum of partial fractions, before
evaluating its inverse.

Examples:

Evaluate

s +1
12. 1 2

s 4s
3
13. 1 2

s ( s + 1)
2s 7
14. 1 2

s s 6

Transforms of Derivatives
The Laplace transform of the n th derivative of f is :

f ( n ) (t ) = s n F ( s ) s n1 f (0) s n 2 f (0) ... f ( n 1) (0)

{ y} = Y ( s )
{ y} = sY ( s ) y (0)
{ y} = s 2Y ( s ) sy (0) y(0)
{ y} = s 3Y ( s ) s 2 y (0) sy(0) y(0)

Examples:
Use the Laplace transform to solve the given initial-value problem
15.

dy
y = 1,
dt

y (0) = 0

16. y + y = 2 sin 2 t ,

y (0) = 10, y(0) = 0