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What Is Hemolytic Anemia?
What Is Hemolytic Anemia?
hepatitis
typhoid fever
E. coli
streptococcus
leukemia
lymphoma
tumors
penicillin
pain medication
acetaminophen
lupus
Part 3 of 5: Symptoms
What are the Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia?
Some symptoms of hemolytic anemia are the same as other forms of anemia.
fatigue
fever
confusion
lightheadedness
dizziness
dark urine
heart murmur
enlarged spleen
enlarged liver
Symptoms
Symptoms vary widely. Mild cases may not cause any symptoms. The condition may only be
discovered during a routine blood test.
In other people, obvious symptoms of anemia can develop. These include:
Pale skin
Fatigue
Weakness
Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Breathlessness
Expected Duration
How long hemolytic anemia lasts depends on its cause.
Hemolytic anemia caused by a medication or infection is usually temporary. It goes away
when the drug is discontinued or the infection is treated.
Hemolytic anemia caused by an inherited illness is a lifelong condition. The impact on a
person's quality of life and life span can vary greatly. It depends on the specific inherited
disorder and its severity. Some people don't have any symptoms. Others have severe,
persistent symptoms.
Prevention
Hemolytic anemia caused by medication can be prevented. Avoid the drug that is causing
the problem.
There is no way to prevent inherited hemolytic anemia. If an inherited anemia runs in your
family, you may undergo genetic testing. This can assess your chances of passing it on to
your children.
Treatment
Treatment for hemolytic anemia depends on its cause and severity.
People with more severe forms of thalassemia require repeated blood transfusions. Some
may be candidates for a bone marrow transplant.
Sickle cell anemia may be treated with:
blood transfusions
antibiotics
Physical damage to red blood cells This may be treated with folic acid and
iron supplements. Blood transfusions may be necessary.
corticosteroid medication
immunosuppressive drugs
People with severe, chronic hemolytic anemia, especially those with sickle cell anemia or
thalassemia, may require multiple blood transfusions. The iron in hemoglobin can
accumulate in the body, causing iron overload and organ damage. Drugs called iron
chelators, which bind the iron and enhance the body's removal of iron, help prevent organ
damage from iron overload.
blood transfusion
corticosteroid medication
surgery
Blood Transfusion
A blood transfusion is given to quickly increase your red blood cell count and to replace
destroyed red blood cells with new ones.
Intravenous Immune Globulin
A low blood cell count can negatively affect the way your immune system fights infection.
You may be given immune globulin through an IV in the hospital to improve your immune
system function.
Corticosteroids
In the case of an extrinsic form of hemolytic anemia of autoimmune origin, corticosteroids
are used to stop your immune system from making antibodies that destroy red blood cells.
Surgery
In severe cases, your spleen may need to be removed.
Special Considerations
Some people have hemolytic anemia thats reactive to cold. If you have this condition, stay
warm as much as possible to reduce symptoms.
Inherited forms of hemolytic anemia are addressed differently than acute (short-term) forms
of the condition. Your doctor may approach treatment differently if you have an inherited
form of hemolytic anemia.
Prognosis
The outlook for hemolytic anemia depends on its cause and severity. The underlying health
of the affected person also affects the prognosis.
Cases that are caused by medications or infections usually go away quickly.
People with autoimmune hemolytic anemia usually respond well to treatment.
The outlook for people with inherited hemolytic anemias depends on the type of inherited
illness and its severity.