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Tính Toán Thiết Kế Hệ Thống Điều Hòa Không Khí
Tính Toán Thiết Kế Hệ Thống Điều Hòa Không Khí
khng kh
Bin tp bi:
V Ch Chnh
MC LC
1. NHNG KIN THC C BN V KHNG KH
2. MI TRNG KHNG KH V CHN THNG S TNH TON CHO CC
H THNG IU HO
3. CN BNG NHIT V CN BNG M
4. Bc x mt tri qua knh thc t
5. THNH LP V TNH TON CC S IU HO KHNG KH
6. TNH TON CC S IU HO KHNG KH THEO TH d-t
7. LA CHN CC H THNG IU HA KHNG KH
8. H thng kiu phn tn.
9. THIT K H THNG VN CHUYN V PHN PHI KHNG KH
10. Cn m v t m
11. Tnh ton thit k ng ng dn khng kh.
12. Tnh chn ming thi
13. tnh ton thit k h thng ng ng dn nc
14. thng gi
15. tiu m v lc bi
16. S truyn m kiu pht x v tn tht trn ng truyn
17. phn ph lc
Tham gia ng gp
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m
m tuyt i .
trong :
Ph - Phn p sut ca hi nc trong khng kh cha bo ho, N/m2
Rh - Hng s ca hi nc Rh = 462 J/kg.d k
T - Nhit tuyt i ca khng kh m, tc cng l nhit ca hi nc do k,
m tng i.
Hay:
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Ta c quan h:
Sau khi thay R = 8314/ ta c
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Nhit .
Nhit l i lng biu th mc nng lnh. y l yu t nh hng ln nht n
cm gic ca con ngi. Trong k thut iu ha khng kh ngi ta thng s dng 2
thang nhit l C v F. i vi mt trng thi khng kh nht nh no ngoi
nhit thc ca n trong k thut cn c 2 gi tr nhit c nh hng nhiu n cc
h thng v thit b l nhit im sng v nhit nhit k t.
- Nhit im sng: Khi lm lnh khng kh nhng gi nguyn dung m d (hoc
phn p sut ph) ti nhit ts no hi nc trong khng kh bt u ngng t thnh
nc bo ha. Nhit ts gi l nhit im sng.
Nh vy nhit im sng ca mt trng thi bt k no l nhit ng vi trng
thi bo ha v c dung m bng dung m ca trng thi cho. Hay ni cch khc nhit
im sng l nhit bo ha ca hi nc ng vi phn p sut ph cho. T y
ta thy gia ts v d c mi quan h ph thuc.
- Nhit nhit k t : Khi cho hi nc bay hi on nhit vo khng kh cha bo
ha (I=const) . Nhit ca khng kh s gim dn trong khi m tng i tng ln.
Ti trng thi phifi= 100% qu trnh bay hi chm dt. Nhit ng vi trng thi bo
ho cui cng ny gi l nhit nhit nhit k t v k hiu l t . Ngi ta gi
nhit nhit k t l v n c xc nh bng nhit k c bu thm t nc.
Nh vy nhit nhit k t ca mt trng thi l nhit ng vi trng thi bo ha
v c entanpi I bng entanpi ca trng thi cho. Gia entanpi I v nhit nhit k
t t c mi quan h ph thuc. Trn thc t ta c th o c nhit nhit k t
ca trng thi khng kh hin thi l nhit trn b mt thong ca nc.
Entanpi
Entanpi ca khng kh m bng entanpi ca khng kh kh v ca hi nc cha trong
n.
Entanpi ca khng kh m c tnh cho 1 kg khng kh kh. Ta c cng thc:
Trong :
Cpk - Nhit dung ring ng p ca khng kh kh Cpk = 1,005 kJ/kg.oC
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(1-10)
TH I-d V t-d CA KHNG KH M
th I-d.
th I-d biu th mi quan h ca cc i lng t,phi, I, d v Pbh ca khng kh m
. th c gio s L.K.Ramzin (Nga) xy dng nm 1918 v sau c gio s
Mollier (c) lp nm 1923. Nh th ny ta c th xc nh c tt c cc thng s
cn li ca khng kh m khi bit 2 thng s bt k . th I-d thng c cc nc
ng u v Lin x (c) s dng.
th I-d c xy dng p sut kh quyn 745mmHg v 760mmHg.
th gm 2 trc I v d nghing vi nhau mt gc 135o. Mc ch xy dng cc trc
nghing mt gc 135o l nhm lm gin khong cch gia cc ng cong tham s
thun li cho vic tra cu.
Trn th ny cc ng I = const nghing vi trc honh mt gc 135o, ng d =
const l nhng ng thng ng. i vi th I-d c xy dng theo cch trn cho
thy cc ng tham s hu nh ch nm trn gc 1/4 th nht .V vy, hnh v c
gn ngi ta xoay trc d li vung gc vi trc I m vn gi nguyn cc ng cong
nh biu din, tuy nhin khi tra cu entanpi I ca khng kh ta vn tra theo ng
nghing vi trc honh mt gc 135o.
Trn th I-d cc ng ng nhit t=const l nhng ng thng chch ln trn , cc
ng phi = const l nhng ng cong li, cng ln trn khong cch gia chng cng
xa. Cc ng phi = const khng ct nhau v khng i qua gc to . i t trn xung
di m phi cng tng. ng cong phi =100% hay cn gi l ng bo ho ngn
cch gia 2 vng : Vng cha bo ho v vng ngng kt hay cn gi l vng sng m.
Cc im nm trong vng sng m thng khng n nh m c xung hng ngng
kt bt hi nc v chuyn v trng thi bo ho .
Khi p sut kh quyn thay i th th I-d cng thay i theo. p sut kh quyn thay
i trong khong 20mmHg th s thay i l khng ng k.
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th d-t chnh l th t-d khi xoay 90o , c Carrrier xy dng nm 1919 nn thng
c gi l th Carrier.
Trc tung l cha hi d (g/kg), bn cnh l h s nhit hin SHF (Sensible)
Trc honh l nhit nhit k kh t ( c)
Trn th c cc ng tham s
- ng I=const to vi trc honh mt gc 135. Cc gi tr entanpi ca khng kh
cho tbn cnh ng phi=100%, n v kJ/kg khng kh kh
- ng phi=const l nhng ng cong lm, cng i ln pha trn (d tng) phi cng
ln. Trn ng phi=100% l vng sng m.
- ng th tch ring v = const l nhng ng thng nghing song song vi nhau, n
v m3/kg khng kh kh.
- Ngoi ra trn th cn c ng l ng hiu chnh entanpi (s sai lch gia entanpi
khng kh bo ho v cha bo ho)
MT S QU TRNH C BN TRN TH I-d
Qu trnh thay i trng thi ca khng kh .
Qu trnh thay i trng thi ca khng kh m t trng thi A (Ta, phi a) n B (Tb,phi
b) c biu th bng on thng AB, mi tn ch chiu qu trnh gi l tia qu trnh.
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gi l h s gc tia ca qu trnh AB
Ta hy xt ngha hnh hc ca h s
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Ta c cc phng trnh:
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(1-11)
- Cn bng m
(1-12)
- Cn bng nhit
(1-13)
Th (a) vo (b), (c) v tr theo v ta c :
Hay
(1-14)
T biu thc ny ta rt ra:
(1-15)
- Phng trnh (1-14) l cc phng trnh ng thng AC v BC, cc ng thng ny
c cng h s gc tia v chung im C nn ba im A, B, C thng hng. im C nm
trn on AB.
- Theo phng trnh (1-15) suy ra im C nm trn AB v chia on AB theo t l
LB/LA
Trng thi C c xc nh nh sau :
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***
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m tng i
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Ngi ta pht hin ra rng khi con ngi lm vic lu di trong khu vc c n cao
th lu ngy c th s suy sp, c th gy mt s bnh nh : Stress, bn chn v gy cc
ri lon gin tip khc. n tc ng nhiu n h thn kinh. Mt khc khi n ln
c th lm nh hng n mc tp trung vo cng vic hoc n gin hn l gy s
kh chu cho con ngi. V d cc m thanh ca qut trong phng th vin nu qu ln
s lm mt tp trung ca ngi c v rt kh chu.
V vy n l mt tiu chun quan trng khng th b qua khi thit k mt h thng
iu ha khng kh. c bit cc h thng iu ho cho cc i pht thanh, truyn hnh,
cc phng studio, thu m thu li th yu cu v n l quan trng nht.
nh hng ca mi trng n sn xut.
Con ngi l mt yu t v cng quan trng trong sn xut. Cc thng s kh hu c
nh hng nhiu ti con ngi c ngha cng nh hng ti nng sut v cht lng sn
phm mt cch gin tip.
Ngoi ra cc yu t kh hu cng nh hng trc tip ti cht lng sn phm. Trong
phn ny chng ta ch nghin cu kha cnh ny.
Nhit
- Ko Scla : 7 - 8 c
- Ko cao su : 20 c
- Bo qu rau qu : 10 c
- o lng chnh xc : 20 - 24 c
- Dt : 20 - 32 c
- Ch bin tht, thc phm : Nhit cao lm sn phm chng b thiu .
Bng 2.2 di y l tiu chun v nhit v m ca mt s qu trnh sn xut
thng gp
Bang 2.2 iu kin cng ngh ca mt s qu trnh
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m tng i
C nhiu ngnh sn xut bt buc phi thc hin trong phng khng kh cc k trong
sch nh sn xut hng in t bn dn, trng phim, quang hc. Mt s ngnh thc phm
cng i hi cao v trong sch ca khng kh trnh lm bn cc thc phm.
PHN LOI CC H THNG IU HO KHNG KH
nh ngha
iu ha khng kh cn gi l iu tit khng kh l qu trnh to ra v gi n nh cc
thng s trng thi ca khng kh theo mt chng trnh nh sn khng ph thuc vo
iu kin bn ngoi.
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Khc vi thng gi, trong h thng iu ha , khng kh trc khi thi vo phng
c x l v mt nhit m. V th iu tit khng kh t t hiu qu cao hn thng
gi.
Phn loi cc h thng iu ho khng kh
C rt nhiu cch phn loi cc h thng iu ho khng kh. Di y trnh by 2 cch
ph bin nht :
- Theo mc quan trng :
+ H thng iu ha khng kh cp I : H thng iu ho c kh nng duy tr cc thng
s tnh ton trong nh vi mi phm vi thng s ngoi tri.
+ H thng iu ha khng kh cp II : H thng iu ho c kh nng duy tr cc thng
s tnh ton trong nh vi sai s khng qa 200 gi trong 1 nm.
+ H thng iu ha khng kh cp III : H thng iu ho c kh nng duy tr cc thng
s tnh ton trong nh vi sai s khng qa 400 gi trong 1 nm.
Khi nim v mc quan trng mang tnh tng i v khng r rng. Chn mc
quan trng l theo yu cu ca khch hng v thc t c th ca cng trnh. Tuy nhin
hu ht cc h thng iu ho trn thc t c chn l h thng iu ho cp III.
- Theo chc nng :
+ H thng iu ho cc b : L h thng nh ch iu ha khng kh trong mt khng
gian hp, thng l mt phng. Kiu iu ho cc b trn thc t ch yu s dng cc
my iu ho dng ca s , my iu ho kiu ri (2 mnh) v my iu ho ghp.
+ H thng iu ho phn tn : H thng iu ha khng kh m khu x l nhit m
phn tn nhiu ni. C th v d h thng iu ho khng kh kiu khuych tn trn thc
t nh h thng iu ho kiu VRV (Variable Refrigerant Volume ) , kiu lm lnh bng
nc (Water chiller) hoc kt hp nhiu kiu my khc nhau trong 1 cng trnh.
+ H thng iu ho trung tm :H thng iu ho trung tm l h thng m khu x l
khng kh thc hin ti mt trung tm sau c dn theo h thng knh dn gi n
cc h tiu th. H thng iu ho trung tm trn thc t l my iu ho dng t,
khng kh c x l nhit m ti t my iu ho ri c dn theo h thng knh dn
n cc phng.
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Trong :
tmax , tmin Nhit ln nht v nh nht tuyt i trong nm o lc 13 n15 gi, tham
kho ph lc PL-1
ttbmax , ttbmin Nhit ca thng nng nht trong nm, tham kho ph lc PL-2, v
PL-3.
phi(tmax) , phi(tmin ) m ng vi nhit ln nht v nh nht tuyt i trong
nm. Tuy nhin do hin nay cc s liu ny Vit Nam cha c nn c th ly bng
phi(ttbmax) v phi(ttbmin)
phi(ttbmax) , phi(ttbmin ) m trung bnh ng vi thng c nhit ln nht v nh
nht trong nm, tham kho ph lc PL-4
Chn tc khng kh tnh ton trong phng
Tc khng kh lu ng c la chn theo nhit khng kh trong phng nu
bng 2.5. Khi nhit phng thp cn chn tc gi nh , nu tc qu ln c th
mt nhiu nhit, s nh hng sc kho con ngi.
c c tc hp l cn chn loi ming thi ph hp v b tr hp l .
Bng 2.5 Tc tnh ton ca khng kh trong phng
Nhit khng kh, c
Tc betak, m/s
Gi trong ngy
n cc i cho php, dB
Cho php
Nn chn
3530 3030
- Ging ng, lp hc
40
35
- Phng my vi tnh
40
35
- Phng lm vic
50
45
85
80
30
30
- Phng hi tho, hi hp
55
50
- Rp chiu bng
40
35
- Phng
6 - 2222 - 6
4030 3030
- Khch sn
6 - 2222 - 6
4540 3530
50
45
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***
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(3-1)
duy tr ch nhit m trong khng gian iu ho , trong k thut iu ho khng kh
ngui ta phi cp tun hon cho h mt lng khng kh c lu lng L (kg/s) trng
thi V(tV, phiV) no v ly ra cng lng nh vy nhng trng thi T(tT,phiT). Nh
vy lng khng kh ny ly i t phng mt lng nhit bng QT. Ta c phng
trnh cn bng nhit nh sau :
(3-2)
* Phng trnh cn bng m
Tng t nh trong h lun lun c cc nhiu lon v m sau
- m ta ra t cc ngun bn trong h : tongWta
- m thm thu qua kt cu bao che : tongWtt
Tng hai thnh phn trn gi l m tha
(3-3)
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h cn bng m v c trng thi khng kh trong phng khng i T(tT, phiT) ngui
ta phi lun lun cung cp cho h mt lng khng kh c lu lng L (kg/s) trng
thi V(tV, phiV). Nh vy lng khng kh ny ly i t phng mt lng m bng
WT. Ta c phng trnh cn bng m nh sau :
(3-4)
* Phng trnh cn bng nng cht c hi (nu c)
kh cc cht c hi pht sinh ra trong phng ngi ta thi vo phng lu lng gi
Lz (kg/s) sao cho :
(3-5)
G : Lu lng cht c hi ta ra v thm thu qua kt cu bao che, kg/s
ZT v Zv : Nng theo khi lng ca cht c hi ca khng kh cho php trong
phng v thi vo
Nhit tha, m tha v lng cht c to ra l c s xc nh nng sut ca cc thit
b x l khng kh . Trong phn di y chng ta xc nh hai thng s quan trng nht
l tng nhit tha QT v m tha WT.
XC NH LNG NHIT THA QT
Nhit do my mc thit b in ta ra Q1
Nhit to ra t thit b dn ng bng ng c in
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(3-7)
- Trng hp 3 : Trong trng ny phn nhit nng do ng c to ra bng nng lng
u vo tr cho phn to ra t c cu c chuyn ng:
(3-8)
tin li cho vic tra cu tnh ton, tn tht nhit cho cc ng c c th tra cu c
th cho tng trng hp trong bng 3-1 di y:
Bng 3.1 : Tn tht nhit ca cc ng c in
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i vi cc thit b in pht ra nhit hin th nhit lng to ra bng chnh cng sut
ghi trn thit b.
Khi tnh ton tn tht nhit do my mc v thit b in pht ra cn lu khng phi tt
c cc my mc v thit b in cng u hot ng ng thi. cho cng sut my
lnh khng qu ln, cn phi tnh n mc hot ng ng thi ca cc ng c.
Trong trng hp tng qut:
(3-9)
Ktt - h s tnh ton bng t s gia cng sut lm vic thc vi cng sut nh mc.
Kt - H s ng thi, tnh n mc hot ng ng thi. H s ng thi ca mi
ng c c th coi bng h s thi gian lm vic , tc l bng t s thi gian lm vic
ca ng c th i, chia cho tng thi gian lm vic ca ton b h thng.
Nhit ta ra t cc ngun sng nhn to Q2
Ngun sng nhn to y cp l ngun sng t cc n in. C th chia n in
ra lm 2 loi : n dy tc v n hunh quang.
Nhit do cc ngun sng nhn to to ra ch dng nhit hin.
- i vi loi n dy tc : Cc loi n ny c kh nng bin i ch 10% nng lng
u vo thnh quang nng, 80% c pht ra bng bc x nhit, 10% trao i vi mi
trng bn ngoi qua i lu v dn nhit . Nh vy ton b nng lng u vo d bin
i v pht ra di dng quang nng hay nhit nng nhng cui cng u bin thnh
nhit v c khng kh trong phng hp th ht.
(3-10)
NS - Tng cng sut cc n dy tc, kW
- i vi n hunh quang : Khong 25% nng lng u vo bin thnh quang nng,
25% c pht ra di dng bc x nhit, 50% di dng i lu v dn nhit. Tuy
nhin i vi n hunh quang phi trang b thm b chnh lu , cng sut b chn lu
c 25% cng sut n. V vy tn tht nhit trong trng hp ny :
(3-11)
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(3-12)
Mt vn thng gp trn thc t l khi thit k khng bit b tr n c th trong
phng s nh th no hoc ngi thit k khng c iu kin kho st chi tit ton b
cng trnh, hoc khng c kinh nghim v cch b tr n ca cc i tng. Trong
trng hp ny c th chn theo iu kin chiu sng cho bng 3-2.
Bng 3.2 : Thng s kinh nghim cho phng
(3-13)
trong F - din tch sn nh, m2
qs - Cng sut chiu sng yu cu cho 1m2 din tch sn, W/m2
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Nhit do ngi ta ra Q3
Nhit do ngi ta ra gm 2 thnh phn :
- Nhit hin : Do truyn nhit t ngi ra mi trng thng qua i lu, bc x v dn
nhit : qh
- Nhit n : Do ta m (m hi v hi nc mang theo) : qW
- Nhit ton phn : Nhit ton phn bng tng nhit hin v nhit n :
(3-14)
i vi mt ngi ln trng thnh v kho mnh, nhit hin, nhit n v nhit ton
phn ph thuc vo cng vn ng v nhit mi trng khng kh xung quanh.
Tn tht do ngi ta c xc nh theo cng thc :
- Nhit hin :
- Nhit n:
(3-15)
n - Tng s ngi trong phng
qh, qw, q - Nhit n, nhit hin v nhit ton phn do mt ngi ta ra trong mt n v
thi gian v c xc nh theo bng 3.4.
Khi tnh nhit tha do ngi to ra ngi thit k thng gp kh khn khi xc nh s
lng ngi trong mt phng. Thc t, s lng ngi lun lun thay i v hu nh
khng theo mt quy lut nht nh no c. Trong trng hp c th ly theo s liu
phn b ngi nu trong bng 3-2.
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Bng 3.4 di y l nhit ton phn v nhit n do ngi to ra. Theo bng ny nhit
n v nhit hin do ngi to ra ph thuc cng vn ng ca con ngi v nhit
trong phng. Khi nhit phng tng th nhit n tng, nhit hin gim. Nhit ton phn
ch ph thuc vo cng vn ng m khng ph thuc vo nhit ca phng.
Ct 4 trong bng l lng nhit tha pht ra t c th mt ngi n ng trung nin c
khi lng c th chng 68kg. Tuy nhin trn thc t trong khng gian iu ho thng
c mt nhiu ngi vi gii tnh v tui tc khc nhau. Ct 4 l gi tr nhit tha trung
bnh trn c s lu ti t l n ng v n b thng c nhng khng gian kho st
nu trong bng. Nu mun tnh c th theo thc t th tnh nhit do ngi b to ra
chim 85% , tr em chim 75% lng nhit tha ca ngi n ng.
Trong trng hp khng gian kho st l nh hng th nn cng thm lng nhit tha
do thc n to ra cho mi ngi l 20W , trong 10W l nhit hin v 10W l nhit n
* H s tc dng khng ng thi
Khi tnh ton tn tht nhit cho cng trnh ln lun lun xy ra hin tng khng phi
lc no trong tt c cc phng cng c mt y s lng ngi theo thit k v tt c
cc n u c bt sng. trnh vic chn my c cng sut qu d , cn nhn cc
tn tht Q2 v Q3 vi h s gi l h s tc dng khng ng thi nuyt. V gi tr h
s tc dng khng ng thi nh gi t l ngi c mt thng xuyn trong phng trn
tng s ngi c th c hoc t l cng sut thc t ca cc n ang s dng trn tng
cng sut n c trang b. Trn bng trnh by gi tr ca h s tc ng khng ng
thi cho mt s trng hp.
Bng 3.3 : H s tc dng khng ng thi
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(3-16)
trong :
- Nhit hin :
- Nhit n :
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(3-17)
Trong alfaW l h s ta nhit t b mt nng vo khng kh trong phng v c
tnh theo cng thc sau :
(3-18)
Khi tnh gn ng c th coi
(3-19)
trong h s truyn nhit k = 2,5 W/m2.oC
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(3-20)
Nhit bc x qua knh
* Trng hp s dng knh c bn :
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(3-21)
trong :
+ Fk - Din tch b mt knh, m2. Nu khung g Fk = 0,85 F (F Din tch phn knh v
khung), khung st Fk = F
+ R- Nhit bc x mt tri qua ca knh c bn vo phng . Gi tr R cho bng 3-7
+ epxilonc - H s tnh n cao H (m) ni t ca knh so vi mc nc bin:
(3-22)
(3-23)+ epxilonds - H s xt ti nh hng ca chnh lch nhit ng sng so
vi 20oC
+ epxilonmm - H s xt ti nh hng ca my m . Tri khng my ly epxilonmm =
1, tri c my
epxilonmm=0,85
+ epxilonkh - H s xt ti nh hng ca khung knh. Kt cu khung khc nhau th mc
che khut mt phn knh di cc tia bc x khc nhau. Vi khung g epxilonkh = 1,
khung kim loi epxilonkh = 1,17
+ epxilonK - H s knh, ph thuc mu sc v loi knh khc knh c bn v ly theo
bng 3-5
Bng 3-5 : c tnh bc x ca cc loi knh
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trong
Fk - Din tch ca knh , m2
Rxn - Lng nhit bc x xm nhp vo khng gian iu ho
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(3-25)
Tr s R ly theo bng 3-7, cc gi tr alfaK, tetaK, PK ly theo bng (3-5), alfam, tetam,
Pm ly theo bng (3-6). Cc h s khc vn tnh ging nh cc h s cng thc (3-21)
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(3-26)
trong
Rxn - Lng bc x mt tri xm nhp qua ca knh gy tc ng tc thi n ph ti
ca h thng iu ho khng kh, W/m2
Rmax - Lng bc x mt tri ln nht xm nhp qua ca knh, W/m2 (Tham kho bng
3-8a)
nt - H s tc dng tc thi (Tham kho bng 3-8b, v 3-8c)
k - Tch s cc h s xt ti nh hng ca cc yu t nh sng m, cao, nhit ng
ng sng, loi khung ca v mn che.
H s tc ng tc thi cho trong cc bng 3-8b v 3-8c. Cn lu rng xc nh
h s tc dng tc thi phi cn c vo khi lng tnh cho 1m2 din tch. Tht vy khi
khi lng ring ca vt cng ln, kh nng hp th cc tia bc x cng ln, do mc
chm tr gia im cc i ca nhit bc x v ph ti lnh cng ln.
Bng 3-8a : Lng nhit ln nht xm nhp qua ca knh loi c bn R max , W/m 2
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- H s
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- Cc h
- H s
- Gi tr R tra theo bng 3-7 vi 10o v Bc, hng Ty Nam : Rmax = 508 W/m2 vo
lc 15 gi thng 1 v 11.
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Thng thng ngi ta b qua lng nhit bc x qua tng. Lng nhit truyn qua
mi do bc x v chnh nhit trong phng v ngoi tri c xc nh theo cng
thc:
(3-26)
F - Din tch mi (hoc tng), m2
k - H s truyn nhit qua mi (hoc tng), W/m2.oC
deltat = tTD - tT chnh nhit tng ng
(3-27)
epxilons - H s hp th ca mi v tng
alfaN = 20 W/m2.K - H s to nhit i lu ca khng kh bn ngoi
Rnx = R/0,88 - Nhit bc x p vo mi hoc tng, W/m2
R - Nhit bc x qua knh vo phng (tra theo bng 3-7), W/m2
phim - H s mu ca mi hay tng
+ Mu thm : phim = 1
+ Mu trung bnh : phim = 0,87
+ Mu sng : phim = 0,78
epxilons - H s hp th ca tng v mi ph thuc mu sc, tnh cht vt liu, trng
thi b mt tra theo bng di y
Bng 3.9 : en b mt kt cu bao che
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(3-39)
alfaT - H s to nhit b mt bn trong ca kt cu bao che, W/m2, oC
alfaT - H s to nhit b mt bn ngoi ca kt cu bao che, W/m2, oC
sichmai, - Chiu dy ca lp th i , m
lamdai - H s dn nhit lp th i, W/m.oC
H s trao i nhit bn ngoi v bn trong phng
Bng 3.12 : H s trao i nhit bn ngoi v bn trong
Nhit tr ca lp khng kh
Nu trong kt cu bao che c lp m khng kh th tng nhit tr dn nhit phi cng
thm nhit tr ca lp khng kh ny. Thng lp m ny c lm trn trn chng
nng.
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Ghi ch:
Tr s Rkk cho bng trn y ng vi chnh nhit trn 2 b mt ca lp khng
kh deltat = 10oC. Nu deltat khac 10oC ta cn nhn tr s cho bng 3-14 di y
Bng 3.14: H s hiu chnh nhit tr khng kh
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(3-42)
Tng nhit tha ca phng :
Nhit tha QT c s dng xc nh nng sut lnh ca b x l khng kh trong
chng 4. Khng nn nhm ln khi cho rng nhit tha QT chnh l nng sut lnh ca
b x l khng kh .
Tng nhit tha ca phng QT gm nhit hin Qhf v nhit n Qwf ca phng.
- Tng nhit hin ca phng :
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XC NH LNG M THA WT
Lng m do ngi ta ra W1
Lng m do ngi ta ra c xc nh theo cng thc sau :
(3-43)
n - S ngi trong phng.
gn - Lng m do 01 ngi ta ra trong phng trong mt n v thi gian, kg/s
Lng m do 01 ngi to ra gn ph thuc vo cng lao ng v nhit phng.
Tr s gn c th tra cu theo bng 3.16 di y :
Bng 3.16 : Lng m do ngi ta ra, g/gi,ngi
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(3-44)
y1, y2 - Ln lt l thy phn ca sn phm khi a vo v ra.
g2 - Lu lng ca sn phm , kg/s
Thnh phn m tha ny ch c trong cng nghp
Lng m do bay hi on nhit t sn m W3
Khi sn b t th mt lng hi m t c th bc hi vo khng kh lm tng m
ca n. Lng hi m c tnh nh sau :
(3-45)
Fs - Din tch sn b t, m2
T - Nhit nhit k t ng vi trng thi trong phng.
Lng m do bay hi on nhit c tnh cho ni thng xuyn nn nh b t nh
khu nh git, nh bp, nh v sinh . Ring nn t do lau nh thng nht thi v khng
lin tc, nn khi tnh lu n im ny.
Lng m do hi nc nng mang vo W4
Khi trong phng c r r hi nng , v d nh hi t cc ni nu, th cn phi tnh thm
lng hi m thot ra t cc thit b ny.
W4 = Gh (3-46)
Lng m tha W T
(3-47)
Tng tt cc ngun m to ra trong phng gi l lng m tha
Nhit tha WT c s dng xc nh nng sut lm kh ca thit b x l khng kh
chng 4.
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hay:
k = alfa N.(tN - tNW)/ (tN - tT)
Khi gim tNW th k tng, khi gim ti tNs th trn tng ng sng, khi ta c gi
tr kmax
*****
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(4-1)
- i vi h thng iu ho khng kh thi t di ln (ming thi t trong vng lm
vic) : a = 7 oC
- i vi h thng iu ho khng kh thi t trn xung : a = 10oC
Nu iu kin v sinh khng tha mn th phi tin hnh sy nng khng kh ti nhit
tV = tT - a tho mn iu kin v sinh ri cho thi vo phng.
2. Lng kh ti cp vo phng phi m bo cho ngi trong phng.
(4-2)
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trong :
n - S ngi trong phng
mk- Khi lng gi ti cn thit cung cp cho 01 ngi trong mt n v thi gian, kg/
ngi, gi .
Vk - Lng khng kh ti cn cung cp cho mt ngi trong mt n v thi gian, tra
theo bng 2-7, m3/ngi, gi.
p - Khi lng ring ca khng kh, p = 1,2 kg/m3.
Tuy nhin lu lng gi b sung khng c nh hn 10% tng lng gi cung cp cho
phng.
TNH TON CC S IU HO KHNG KH THEO TH I-d
Phng trnh tnh nng sut gi
T cc phng trnh cn bng nhit, m v cht c hi ta xc nh c phng trnh
xc nh nng sut gi.
- Nng sut gi thi nhit :
Trong cc cng thc trn T l trng thi khng kh trong phng, V l trng thi khng
kh trc khi thi vo phng.
Khi thit k h thng iu ho thng phi m bo 2 thng s nhit v m khng i
theo yu cu , tc l phi tha mn ng thi 2 phng trnh cn bng nhit v m. Hay
ni cch khc ta c : LQ = Lw
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Suy ra
Hay
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Hnh 4.1 : S nguyn l v biu din s thay i trng thi khng kh trn th I-d
* Nguyn l lm vic: Khng kh bn ngoi tri c trng thi N(tN,phiN) qua ca ly gi
c van iu chnh (1), c a vo bung x l nhit m (2), ti y khng kh c
x l theo chng trnh nh sn n mt trng thi O nht nh no v c qut (3)
vn chuyn theo ng ng gi (4) vo phng (6) qua cc ming thi (5). Khng kh ti
ming thi (5) c trng thi V sau khi vo phng nhn nhit tha v m tha v t thay
i n trng thi T(tT, phiT) theo tia qu trnh epxilonT = QT/WT . Sau khng kh
c thi ra bn ngoi qua cc ca thi (7).
S thng c s dng trong cc trng hp sau:
- Khi knh gi hi qu ln vic thc hin hi gi qu tn km hoc khng thc hin
c do khng gian nh hp .
- Khi trong khng gian iu ha c sinh ra nhiu cht c hi, vic hi gi khng c li.
Ma h nc ta nhit v m bn ngoi phng thng cao hn nhit v m
trong phng. V th im N thng nm bn trn phi ca im T.
* Xc nh cc cc im nt :
Theo th biu th qu trnh ta c:
- Qu trnh NO l qu trnh x l khng kh din ra thit b x l khng kh. Trng
thi O cui qu trnh x l khng kh c m phio 95%.
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Nu khng tha mn iu kin v sinh , th phi gia nhit khng kh t trng thi O ln
trng thi V tho mn iu kin v sinh mi thi vo phng , tc l tV = tT - a (hnh
4.2).
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* Kt lun:
- S thng c u im l n gin, gn nh d lp t.
- Khng tn dng nhit t khng kh thi nn hiu qu thp.
- Thng c s dng trong cc h thng ni c pht sinh cc cht c, hi hoc ng
ng qu xa, cng knh khng kinh t hoc khng th thc hin c.
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Ta c
trong :
LN - Lu lng gi ti cn cung cp c xc nh theo iu kin v sinh, kg/s.
L - Lu lng gi tng tun hon qua thit b x l khng kh c xc nh theo cng
thc (4-13), kg/s
- im Vtrng O l giao nhau ca ng epxilon = epxilonT = QT/WT i qua im T
vi ng phio = 0,95. Ni CO ta c qu trnh x l khng kh.
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(4-14)
trong n - Tng s ngi trong phng, ngi
Vk - Lng khng kh ti cn cung cp cho mt ngi trong mt n v thi gian, tra
theo bng 2.6
Tuy nhin lu lng gi b sung khng c nh hn 10%.L. V th khi LN tnh theo
cc cng thc trn m nh hn 10% th ly LN = 0,1.L
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- Lu lng gi hi :
(4-15)
- Cng sut lnh ca thit b x l khng kh :
* Kt lun:
- Do c tn dng nhit ca khng kh ti tun hon nn nng sut lnh v nng sut lm
kh gim so vi s thng.
- S c ti tun hon khng kh nn chi ph u t tng.
- H thng i hi phi c thit b sy cp 2 sy nng khng kh khi khng tha mn
iu kin v sinh v do khng kinh t.
S tun hon khng kh hai cp
* S nguyn l :
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Hnh 4.7 : Biu din s tun hon 2 cp c iu chnh nhit trn I-d
* Xc nh nng sut cc thit b
- Lu lng gi :
Cc im T, C2 v O c xc nh nn c th tnh c LT2
- Lu lng gi LT1
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* Kt lun:
S tun hon 2 cp c iu chnh nhit thi vo c u im:
- Nhit thi vo phng c th d dng iu chnh c nh iu chnh lng gi trch
LT2 nhm nng nhit thi vo phng tho mn iu kin v sinh. Do s 2 cp
c iu chnh nhit khng cn trang b thit b sy cp II.
- Nng sut lnh v nng sut lm kh yu cu ca thit b x l gim
+ Cng sut lnh gim deltaQO = LT2.(IC1 - IO)
+ Lu lng gi gim deltaL = LT2.(dC1 - dO)
Nh vy ta khng cn phi u t h thng x l khng kh qu ln, cng knh.
- Phi c thm bung ha trn th 2 v h thng trch gi n bung ha trn ny nn
chi ph u t v vn hnh tng.
S iu chnh nhit m
S nguyn l :
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* Cch 2 : X l khng kh n trng thi O' vi tO' < tO. Sau thi khng kh vo
phng cho khng kh t thay i trng thi theo qu trnh epxilonT n T' , sau phun
m b sung khng kh thay i trng thi n T.
- Nng sut gi :
V IO < IO nn d dng suy ra Qo2 < Qo1
* Kt lun :
- Vic phun m b sung c th p dng cho bt c s no v em li hiu qu nhit
cao hn. Nng sut gi v lnh u gim.
- Tuy nhin phi c b tr thm thit b phun m b sung trong phng nn phi c chi
ph b sung. Thc t n ch c th p dng cho cc phng nh v c yu cu c bit v
m.
Cc s iu ho khng kh ma ng
* S nguyn l :
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- Cng sut b si :
* Kt lun :
- S thng tuy n gin nhng khng tn dng c nhit ca gi thi nn khng
kinh t.
- S thng ch s dng trong trng hp vic xy dng knh hi gi khng kinh t
hoc khng th thc hin c. Khi trong khng gian iu ho sinh nhiu cht c hi
th cng nn s dng s thng
S tun hon mt cp ma ng
* S nguyn l :
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- im C c xc nh theo t l ho trn
- im O l giao ca ng epxilon = epxilonT = QT/WT i qua T vi ng ng dung
m qua im C.
* Cc thit b : i vi h thng hot ng theo s ma ng cn cc thit b chnh
sau : Bung ho trn, Thit b sy cp I, qut cp gi, h thng knh gi ming thi
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- Cng sut b sy cp I
* Kt lun :
- S tun hon mt cp tn dng c nhit ca gi thi nn kinh t hn s thng.
- y l s thng hay c s dng trn thc t.
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TNH TON CC S IU HO
KHNG KH THEO TH d-t
TNH TON CC S IU HO KHNG KH THEO TH d-t
Tnh ton cc s iu ho khng kh theo th t-d c cc nc t bn phng
Ty p dng rt ph bin. V mt bn cht, vic xc nh cc s theo th t-d cng
tng t nh th I-d.
Cc s iu ho trn th d-t
S thng
Khng kh bn ngoi tri c trng thi N(tN,phiN) i qua thit b x l khng kh bin
i trng thi n trng thi O, sau qua qut cp gi hp th mt phn nhit di
dng nhit hin v bin i n trng thi n Q, trn ng ng khng kh hp th mt
lng nhit t mi trng di dng nhit hin v thay i n trng thi V. Sau
c thi vo phng nhn nhit n v nhit hin thay i trng thi n T(tT,phiT).
- Cng sut lnh thit b x l khng kh
Q = G.(IN - IO)
- Nhit do khng kh hp th qua qut
Q1 = G.(IQ-IO)
- Nhit do khng kh nhn t mi trng qua ng ng
Q2 = G.(IV-IQ)
- Nhit tha do khng kh nhn trong phng Q3
+ Nhit hin :
Q31 = G.(IL-IV)
+ Nhit n
Q32 = G.(IT-IL)
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Qh - Nhit hin.
Qw - Nhit n.
Q = Qh + Qw - Nhit tng.
t1, t2 - Nhit khng kh u v cui qu trnh, oC
I1, I2 - Entanpi ca khng kh u v cui qu trnh, kJ/kg
H s nhit hin ca phng
* H s nhit hin ca phng RSHF (Room sensible heat factor) c nh ngha nh
sau :
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trong :
Qhf - Tng nhit hin do bc x, truyn nhit qua kt cu bao che v nhit do cc ngun
nhit bn trong phng ta ra, kW
Qwf - Tng nhit n to ra t phng, kW
Qf - Tng nhit n v nhit hin t do bc x, truyn nhit qua kt cu bao che v do
cc ngun nhit ta ra t phng, y chnh l tng nhit tha ca phng; kW
Trn th d-t , cc im V v T ln lt l trng thi khng kh cp vo phng v khng
kh trong phng. ng VT biu th qu trnh khng kh sau khi vo phng nhn nhit
tha v m tha v t thay i trng thi. ng ny c gi l ng h s nhit hin
ca phng RSHF.
Trong cc tnh ton thng im T bit trc, v th ng VT c th d dng xc
nh khi bit phng ca n. Cch xc nh theo cc bc sau:
Quan st th d-t ta thy c im G c nh du trn ti v tr t = 24oC v phi =
50%, im ny gi l im c s. Mt khc song song vi trc d c ng biu th cc
gi tr khc nhau ca h s nhit hin RSHF. ng VT s song song vi ng thng
ni im G vi im xc nh gi tr RSHF trn ng biu th (hnh 4-17).
Hnh 4-17
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trong :
Qh v Qw - Nhit hin v nhit n m khng kh thi ra thit b x l khng kh
ng thng CO biu th s thay i trng thi ca khng kh khi qua thit b x l
khng kh gi l ng GSHF. Cch xc nh phng ng thng CO cng tng t
nh cch xc nh ng RSHF, ngha l song song vi ng G-GSHF
H s i vng BF
Khi khng kh i qua dn lnh, nu qu trnh tip xc tt, thi gian tip xc ln th
trng thi khng kh u ra l trng thi bo ho phi=100%. Tuy nhin thc t trng
thi u ra thng khng t trng thi bo ho, m nm trong khong phi = 90 ? 95%.
Trng thi c coi nh l hn hp ca 2 trng thi: trng thi ban u C v trng
thi bo ho S. Nh vy lng khng kh x l coi nh c phn thnh 2 dng : mt
dng i qua dn lnh v trao i nhit m v t trng thi bo ho, dng th 2 i vng
qua dn v khng trao i nhit m.
H s i vng BF (Bypass factor) l t s gia lng khng kh i qua dn lnh nhng
khng trao i nhit m so vi tng lng khng kh qua dn.
trong :
GC - Lu lng khng kh qua dn lnh nhng khng trao di nhit m, kg/s
GS - Lu lng khng kh c trao i nhit m, kg/s
G - Tng lu lng gi qua dn, kg/s
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Hnh 4-18
Nu vit phng trnh cn bng nng lng ta c :
Hay:
Rt ra :
Tng t c th rt ra:
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y:
Qhef = Qhf + BF.Q4h - Nhit hin hiu dng ca phng
Qwef = Qwf + BF.Q4w - Nhit n hiu dng ca phng
Qhf, Qwf - Nhit hin v nhit n tha ca phng
Q4h, Q4w - Nhit hin v nhit n ca khng kh ti cn nh ra t c trng thi
trong phng.
Trn th d-t ng biu th mi quan h gia cc h s RSHF, GSHF, ESHF v nhit
ng sng
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Hnh 4-19
Cc trng thi ln lt l:
C- Trng thi khng kh c ho trn trc khi vo dn lnh
O trng V Trng thi sau dn lnh v thi vo phng
T - Trng thi khng kh trong phng
N - Trng thi khng kh ngoi tri
S - Trng thi khng kh bo ho, phn khng kh tip xc dn lnh, nhit im K l
nhit ng ng sng ts
Gia h s nhit hin hu dng v v nhit ng sng ca dn lnh c mi quan h
nh sau :
trong :
dT, dS - cha hi ca khng kh trong khng gian iu ho v trng thi ng
sng ca dn lnh, g/kg
tT, tS - Nhit ca khng kh trong khng gian iu ho v trng thi ng sng
ca dn lnh, oC
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Bng 4-4
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Hnh 4-20
Tnh ton s tun hon 2 cp
Trong trng hp iu kin v sinh khng tha mn th ngi ta s dng s tun
hon 2 cp. C 2 kiu tun hon 2 cp: S 2 cp iu chnh nhit v s 2 cp
iu chnh m.
S iu chnh nhit
Trn hnh 4-21 biu din s nguyn l thit b v s thay i trng thi ca khng kh
trn th d-t
Theo s lng khng kh ti tun hon LT trc khi n dn lnh c tch lm 2
dng : LT1 i qua dn lnh v LT2 i vng qua dn lnh. Lng khng kh i qua dn
lnh LT1 trc khi vo dn lnh c ho trn vi lng gi ti LN
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Hnh 4-21
Cc im nt N, T, S, O v C c xc nh ging nh s 1 cp. im V c nhit
tV = tT - a.
- Lu lng gi cp vo phng:
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Hnh 4-22
* Xc nh lu lng gi
xc nh lu lng gi trc ht cn phi xc nh cc im nt S, O, C v V tng
t nh s 1 cp. i vi im V , nhit tV phi tho mn iu kin v sinh v
c chn tV = tT - a.
- Lu lng gi cp vo phng:
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LA CHN CC H THNG IU HA
KHNG KH
LA CHN CC H THNG IU HA KHNG KH
C S LA CHN MY IU HA KHNG KH.
Vic la chn my iu ho c tin hnh theo cc bc sau:
Chn hng my
Th trng Vit nam hin nay s dng nhiu hng my ho khc nhau. Ni ting hn
c l cc hng my Carrier, Trane, York (M), Daikin, Toshiba, Mitsubishi, Hitachi,
National (Nht), LG (Hn Quc)...
Hin nay cng ty C phn C in lnh - TP. H Ch Minh sn xut c cc my
iu ho mang nhn hiu Reetech c cc c tnh k thut khng thua km cc hng
nc ngoi. y l sn phm chnh hiu Vit Nam u tin.
Mi hng my ni tri v mt vi chng loi nht nh, nn vic la chn my hng no
cn tu thuc vo cc iu kin c th ca cng trnh, tnh hnh ti chnh ca ch u
t, iu kin thanh ton, thi gian giao hng ...vv
Chn kiu my :
Cn c vo c tnh c th ca cng trnh, cng sut thit k, yu cu ca khch hng v
cc yu cu c bit khc la chn kiu my ph hp nht cho cng trnh. lm tt
iu ny cn nm bt k cc c im k thut, u nhc im ca tng kiu dng my
iu ha t la chn kiu my thch hp nht cho cng trnh v tt c cc phng
din.
C cc dng my iu ho sau:
- My iu ho cc b : Ca s, My iu ho 2 mnh, my iu ho ghp v my iu
ho ri thi t do.
- My iu ho phn tn : My iu ho VRV, my iu ho lm lnh bng nc (water
chiller).
- My iu ho trung tm : My iu ho dng t cp gi bng h thng knh gi.
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Chn my
Sau khi chn hng sn xut, kiu loi my , bc cui cng l chn model my . Vic
chn my c th c cn c vo kt qu thnh lp v tnh ton s iu ho khng
kh, trong 2 thng s quan trng nht lm cn c la chn l :
- Nng sut gi L thi vo phng , kg/s
- Nng sut lnh Qo ca thit b x l khng kh , kW
- Cng sut si QSI v QSII ca b sy cp I v II (nu cn), kW
CC H THNG IU HO HIN I
H thng kiu cc b.
ng trc v chung m t. Qut dn lnh thng l qut dng ly tm kiu lng sc cho
php to lu lng v p lc gi ln c th thi gi i xa. Ring qut dn nng l
kiu hng trc
gia my c vch ngn nhm ngn cch khoang dn lnh v khoang dn nng.
Gi trong phng c ht vo ca ht nm gia pha trc my v c a vo dn
lnh lm mt v thi ra ca thi gi t pha trn hoc bn cnh. Ca thi gi c cc
cnh hng gi c th chuyn ng qua li nhm iu chnh hng gi ti cc v tr bt
k trong phng .
Khng kh gii nhit dn nng c ly 2 bn hng ca my. Khi qut hot ng gi
tun hon vo bn trong v c thi qua dn nng v sau ra ngoi. Khi lp t my
iu ho ca s cn lu m bo cc ca ly gi nh ra khi tng mt khong nht
nh khng c che lp cc ca ly gi.
Hnh 5.1 : Cu to my iu ha ca s
1- Dn nng 4- Qut dn lnh 7- Ca ht gi lnh
2- My nn 5- Dn lnh 8- Ca thi gi
3- Mt qut 6- Li lc 9- Tng nh
Pha trc mt my c b tr b iu khin . B iu khin cho php iu khin v chn
cc ch sau:
- Bt tt my iu ho ON-OFF
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My iu ha khng kh kiu ri
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Bng 5-9 gii thiu dn nng my iu ho loi K, kiu hi nhit (Heat Recovery ). i
vi loi hi nhit cn trang b b la chn r nhnh BS (Branch Selector Unit), la
chn ch vn hnh lm lnh, si m hoc c 2, tu thuc vo nhit ca phng.
i vi model loi K c 2 b la chn r nhnh l BSV100K v BSV160K.
Bng 5.9 : c tnh k thut dn nng my VRV, loi hi nhit - hng Daikin
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Cm Chiller:
Cm my lnh chiller l thit b quan trng nht ca h thng iu ho kiu lm lnh
bng nc. N c s dng lm lnh cht lng, trong iu ho khng kh s dng
lm lnh nc ti khong 7oC . y nc ng vai tr l cht ti lnh.
Cm Chiller l mt h thng lnh c lp t hon chnh ti nh my nh ch to, vi
cc thit b sau :
+ My nn : C rt nhiu dng , nhng ph bin l loi trc vt, my nn kn, my nn
pittng na kn.
+ Thit b ngng t : Tu thuc vo hnh thc gii nhit m thit b ngng t l bnh
ngng hay dn ngng. Khi gii nhit bng nc th s dng bnh ngng, khi gii nhit
bng gi s dng dn ngng. Nu gii nhit bng nc th h thng c thm thp gii
nhit v bm nc gii nhit. Trn thc t nc ta , thng hay s dng my gii nhit
bng nc v hiu qu cao v n nh hn.
+ Bnh bay hi : Bnh bay hi thng s dng l bnh bay hi ng ng c cnh. Mi
cht lnh si ngoi ng, nc chuyn ng trong ng. Bnh bay hi c bc cc nhit
v duy tr nhit khng c qu di 7oC nhm ngn nga nc ng bng gy n
v bnh. Cng dng bnh bay hi l lm lnh nc .
+ T in iu khin.
Hnh 5-8 : Cm my chiller my nn pittng na kn Carrier
Trn hnh 5-8 l cm chiller vi my nn kiu pittng na kn ca hng Carrier. Cc
my nn kiu na kn c b tr nm trn cm bnh ngng - bnh bay hi. Pha mt
trc l t in iu khin. Ton b c lp t thnh 01 cm hon chnh trn h thng
khung chc chn.
Khi lp t cm chiller cn lu dnh khng gian cn thit v sinh cc bnh
ngng. Khng gian my thong ng, c th d dng i li xung quanh cm my lnh
thao tc.
Khi lp cm chiller cc phng tng trn cn lp thm cc b chng rung.
My lnh chiller iu khin ph ti theo bc , trong cc cm my c thi gian lm
vic khng u nhau. V th ngi vn hnh cn thng xuyn hon i tun t khi
ng ca cc cm my cho nhau. lm vic trong cc t in iu khin c trang b
cng tc hon i v tr cc my.
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Dn lnh FCU
FCU ( Fan coil Unit) l dn trao i nhit ng ng cnh nhm v qut gi . Nc
chuyn ng trong ng, khng kh chuyn ng ngang qua cm ng trao i nhit,
khng kh c trao i nhit m, sau thi trc tip hoc qua mt h thng knh gi
vo phng. Qut FCU l qut lng sc dn ng trc tip.
Hnh 5-10 : Cu to v lp t FCU
Trn bng 5-12 trnh by c tnh k thut c bn ca cc FCU hng Carrier vi 3 m
hiu 42CLA, 42VLA v 42VMA.
Bng 5-12 : c tnh k thut FCU hng Carrier
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Qk - Cng sut nhit ca chiller, tra theo bng c tnh k thut ca chiller, kW
deltatgn - chnh nhit nc gii nhit u ra v u vo, deltat = 5oC
Cpn - Nhit dung ring ca nc, Cpn = 4,186 kJ/kg.oC
Lu lng bm nc lnh
Qk - Cng sut lnh ca chiller, tra theo bng c tnh k thut ca chiller, kW
deltatnl - chnh nhit nc lnh u ra v u vo, deltat = 5oC
Cpn - Nhit dung ring ca nc, Cpn = 4,186 kJ/kg.oC
Ct p ca bm c chn tu thuc vo mng ng ng c th , trong ct p tnh
ca ng ng c vai tr quan trng.
Cc h thng thit b khc
- Bnh gin n v cp nc b sung : C cng dng b gin n khi nhit nc thay
i v b sung thm nc khi cn. Nc b sung phi c qua x l c kh cn thn.
- H thng ng ng nc lnh s dng ti nc lnh t bnh bay hi ti cc FCU
v AHU. ng ng nc lnh l ng thp c bc cch nhit. Vt liu cch nhit l mt,
styrofor hoc polyurethan.
- H thng ng ng gii nhit l thp trng km.
- H thng x l nc
c im h thng iu ho lm lnh bng nc.
u im:
- Cng sut dao ng ln : T 5Ton ln n hng ngn Ton
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* Theo p sut
Theo p sut ngi ta chia ra lm 3 loi : p sut thp, trung bnh v cao nh sau :
- p sut thp : 95 mmH2O
- p sut trung bnh : 95 -> 172 mmH2O
- p sut cao : 172 -> 310 mmH2O
* Theo kt cu v v tr lp t :
- Knh gi treo
- Knh gi ngm
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* Vt liu s dng : Tole trng km, inox, nha tng hp, foam nh hnh.
Trn thc t s dng ph bin nht l tn trng km c b dy trong khong t 0,5 ->
1,2mm theo tiu chun qui nh ph thuc vo kch thc ng ng. Trong mt s
trng hp do mi trng c n mn cao c th s dng cht do hay inox. Hin nay
ngi ta c s dng foam lm ng ng : u im nh , nhng gia cng v ch to
kh, do c im kch thc khng tiu chun ca ng ng trn thc t.
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px, l p sut tuyt i ca dng khng kh trong ng dn trc ming thi, N/m2
po l p sut khng kh mi trng ni gi thi vo, N/m2
beta H s thu hp dng ph thuc iu kin thi ra ca dng khng kh
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T suy ra :
(6-5)
Thnh phn p(mega21 - mega2n)/2 gi l gim ct p ng.
Nh vy duy tr ct p tnh trn tuyn ng khng i deltaH =0 ta phi thit k h
thng knh gi sao cho p(mega21 - mega2n)/2 - tngdeltap = 0
Ta c cc trng hp c th xy ra nh sau:
Trng hp p(mega21 - mega2n)/2 = tngdeltap : Gim ct p ng bng tng tn
tht trn tuyn ng.
Nh vy ct p ng bin mt phn b vo tn tht trn tuyn ng.
Khi : H1 = Hn ngha l ct p tnh khng thay i dc theo ng ng. y l trng
hp l tng, tc v lu lng cc ming thi s u nhau.
Trng hp p(mega 2 1 - mega 2 n )/2 > tngdeltap hay H 1 < H n
Gim ct p ng ln hn tng tn tht p lc trn tuyn ng.
Trong trng hp ny ta c Hn > H1 , phn ct p ng d tha gp phn lm tng ct
p tnh cui ng ng, lng lng gi cc ming thi cui ln hn, hay gi dn vo
cui tuyn ng.
Trng hp ny c th xy ra khi :
- Tc on u qu ln, nn p sut tnh trn trong ng rt nh trong khi tc on
cui nh. Trong mt s trng hp nu tc i ngang qua tit din ni lp cc ming
thi on u qu ln th cc ming thi u c th tr thnh ming ht lc to nn
hin tng ht kiu EJect. khc phc, cn gim tc on u, tng tc on
cui. V th khi lu lng dc theo knh gi gim th phi gim tit din tng ng
duy tr tc gi, trnh khng nn tc gim t ngt .
- ng ng ngn, t tr lc cc b nhng c nhiu ming thi hoc on r nhnh.
Trng hp ny tr lc tngdeltap rt nh, nhng tc gim nhanh theo lu lng.
khc phc cn gim nhanh tit din on cui nhm khng ch tc ph hp.
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Hay:
Hay :
(6-6)
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Xc nh ng knh tng ng ca ng ng
vn chuyn khng kh ngi ta s dng nhiu loi ng gi: Ch nht, vung, van,
trn. Tuy nhin tnh ton thit k ng ng gi thng thng ngi ta xy dng cc
gin cho cc ng dn trn. V vy cn qui i tit din cc loi ra tit din trn tng
ng, sao cho tn tht p sut cho mt n v chiu di ng ng l tng ng
nhau, trong iu kin lu lng gi khng thay i.
ng knh tng ng c th xc nh theo cng thc hoc tra bng. thun li
cho vic tra cu v la chn , ngi ta lp bng xc nh ng knh tng ng
ca cc ng ng dng ch nht nu bng 6-4.
- ng knh tng ng ca tit din ch nht c xc nh theo cng thc sau :
a, b l cnh ch nht, mm
Tuy tn tht ging nhau nhng tit din trn 2 ng khng ging nhau
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- H s tr lc ma st
l - chiu di ng, m
d - ng knh hoc ng knh tng ng ca ng, m
p - Khi lng ring ca khng kh, kg/m3
mega - Tc khng kh chuyn ng trong ng , m/s
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H s tr lc ma st c th tnh nh sau :
i vi ng nhm hoc tn mng b mt bn trong lng v tit din trn
trong :
Re l tiu chun Reynolds : Re = megad/
- nht ng hc ca khng kh , m2/s
* i vi b mt nhm
k1 l h s mc g gh trung bnh, m
Bng 6-5
-i vi vinylpast
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Vic tnh ton theo cc cng thc tng i phc tp, nn ngi ta xy dng th
xc tn tht ma st, c th nh sau:
T cng thc (6-9) ta c th vit li nh sau :
l - Chiu di ng ng, m
deltap1 - Tn tht p lc trn 1m chiu di ng ng, Pa/m
Ngi ta xy dng th nhm xc nh deltap1 trn hnh 6.4. Theo th ny khi
bit 2 trong cc thng s sau : lu lng gi V (lt/s), tc khng kh mega (m/s)
trong ng ng, ng knh tng ng dt (mm) l xc nh c tn tht trn 1m
chiu di ng ng. Phng php xc nh theo th rt thun li v nhanh chng.
Hnh 6-4 : th xc nh tn tht ma st
Tn tht cc b
Tn tht p lc cc b c xc nh theo cng thc:
.
C 2 cch xc nh tn tht cc b :
- Xc nh tn tht cc b theo cng thc (6-16), trong h s C c xc nh cho
tng kiu chi tit ring bit: Ct, cn, T, Chc ...vv
- Qui i ra di ng thng tng ng v xc nh theo cng thc tn tht ma st:
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1,28 1,4
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alfa- Gc ca ct
Ct tit din ch nht
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trong :
R - Bn knh cong ca cnh hng, mm
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S- Bc cnh hng, mm
L- di phn thng ca cnh hng, mm
* S liu tham kho
Ct 90 o , tit din ch nht, thng gc, c cnh hng i (dng kh ng)
Bng 6.13 : H s C
trong :
R- Bn knh cong ca cnh hng, mm
S - Bc cnh, mm
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Cn m v t m
Cn m v t m
Cn m hay t m l chi tit ni tit din tng dn t t hay t ngt
Trong trng hp ny tc tnh theo tit din u vo
A1- Din tch tit din u vo, m2
A2- Din tch tit din u ra, m2
i vi cn m v t m ta c cc trng hp ph bin sau :
- Cn hoc t m tit din trn
- Cn hoc t m tit din ch nht
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trong :
A1 - Tit din u vo cn, mm2
A2- Tit din u ra, mm2
Re = 66,34.D.mega
D - ng knh ng nh (u vo), mm
mega- Tc khng kh trong ng nh (u vo), m/s
fi - Gc cn, i vi t m fi = 180o
Cn tit din ch nht hoc t m (khi fi =180o)
Bng 6.15 : H s C
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on ng hi t
on ng hi t l on ng gp t 2 dng khng kh tr ln. Thng thng ta gp cc
on ng hi t trong cc ng ht v, ng thi. Trn hnh 6-9 l cc trng hp thng
gp.
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Bng 6.22 : H s C
on r nhnh
- on ng r nhnh l on ng m dng phn thnh 2 dng nh tr ln. Trong trng
hp ny tnh tn tht theo tc u vo ca on ng.
Trn hnh 6-10 trnh by cc trng hp thng gp ca on ng r nhnh, di y l
h s tr lc cc b cho tng trng hp c th :
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on ng r nhnh ch Y i xng
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Tn tht do cc vt chn
- Cc vt chn trn h thng ng ng ch yu l cc van iu chnh lu lng
gi, van chn la ...
Trn hnh 6-12 trnh by 3 dng van iu chnh ch yu
+ Van iu chnh dng cnh bm.
+ Van iu chnh dng cng (trn, ch nht)
+ Van iu chnh kiu l sch (song song hoc i nhau)
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Bng 6.35 : H s C
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Bng 6.36 : H s C
trong :
N - S cnh thng song song ca van.
W - Cnh song song trc quay ca van, mm
H- Chiu cao ca ng, mm
L - Tng chiu di ca cc cnh, mm
R- Chu vi ng ng lp t, mm
fi- Gc nghing ca cnh vi trc ng.
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Ta c :
Tn tht u ra ca qut
Tn tht u ra ca qut khi thi vo khng gian rng
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Bng 6.39 : H s C
Hnh 6-13 : Cc v tr lp t ct u ra
Bng 6.40 : H s C u ra qut c 1 ca ht
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Tn tht u vo ca qut
ng ht tit din trn, ni ct lin tc, cch ming ht qut on L
Bng 6.42 : H s C
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(6-22)
Chiu di tng ng ca ct trn
Bng 6.46 : Chiu di tng ng lt
Trong :
R - Bn knh cong ca tm ct, mm
d- ng knh tit din ct, mm
Chiu di tng ng ca ct ch nht
Bng 6.47 : Chiu di tng ng lt
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V d 1:
Gi s c 08 mt knh gi thi c 8 ming thi vi cc c im trn hnh 6-14. Lu
lng yu cu cho mi ming thi l 0,32 m3/s. Thit k h thng knh gi .
Hnh 6-14 : S ng ng
Bc 1: Chn v xc nh cc thng s tit din in hnh
- Chn on u tin AB lm tit din in hnh. Lu lng gi qua tit din u l
L1 = 8 x 0,32 = 2,56 m3/s
- Chn tc on u mega1 = 8 m/s
- Din tch tit din on ng u : f1 = L1/mega1 = 2,56 / 8 = 0,32 m2
- Chn kch thc on u : 800x400mm
- Tra bng (6-3) ta c ng knh tng ng : dt = 609mm
- Da vo lu lng L1 = 2560 L/s v dt = 609mm tra th ta c tn tht deltap1 =
1,4 Pa/m.
Bc 2 : Thit k cc on ng
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Bc 3 : Tnh tng tr lc
Bng 6.50
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Hnh 6-15 : S ng ng
* Xc nh cc thng s on u
- La chn tc on AB : mega1 = 12 m/s
- Lu lng gi : Q1 = 4 x 0,9 = 3,6 m3/s
- Tit din on u : F1 = 3,6/12 = 0,3m2
- Kch thc cc cnh 600 x 500mm
- Tra bng ta c ng knh tng ng : dt = 598 mm
- Tn tht cho 1m ng : 0,4 Pa/m
* Xc nh tc v kch thc on tip
- T s a= L/Q0,61 : L1/Q0,61 = 49 / 7628 0,61 = 0,211
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+tc ti tm
+ Tc trung bnh
- i vi ming thi dt
Ming thi dt l ming thi m cnh ln ln gp t nht 5 ln cnh b ao> 5.bo
+ Tc cc i ti tm
+ Tc trung bnh
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Mun lung khng kh i xa cn chn m ln, tc lung suy gim chm v khi cn
lung i gn th chn m nh, lung suy gim tc nhanh. V vy trong cc x nghip
cng nghip khi khng gian iu ha rng, tc cho php ln c th chn ming thi
dt, cn trong cc phng lm vic, phng khng gian thng hp, trn thp, tc cho
php nh th nn chn ming thi kiu khuych tn hoc c cc cnh hng .
Cu trc ca dng khng kh gn ming ht.
Khc vi lung khng kh trc cc ming thi, lung khng kh trc cc ming ht
c 2 c im khc c bn:
- Lung khng kh trc ming thi c gc khuych tn nh, lung khng kh trc
ming thi chim ton b khng gian pha trc n .
- Lu lng khng kh trong lung trc ming thi tng dn do hin tng khuych
tn , lu lng ca lung trc ming ht coi nh khng i.
Do 2 c im trn nn khi i ra xa, cch ming ht mt khong x no th tc
gim rt nhanh so vi trc ming thi. Nn c th ni lung khng kh trc ming ht
trit tiu rt nhanh.
Tc trn trc ca lung khng kh trc ming ht xc nh theo cng thc sau :
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trong
L - Lu lng gi yu cu trong khng gian iu ho, m3/s.
N - S lng ming thi.
LMT - Lu lng gi ca mt ming thi , m3/s
c) Cn cu vo lu lng v qung ng i t ming thi n vng lm vic tin hnh
tnh ton hoc chn ming thi thch hp sao cho m bo tc trong vng lm vic
t yu cu.
+ Tnh tc u ra megao ming thi da vo cng thc (6-23) v (6-25), trong
vmax = 0,25 m/s v x l khong cch t ming thi n vng lm vic.
Vi ming thi trn
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(6-29)
Vi ming thi dt
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SP - p sut tnh
NC - n
T - Qung ng i t tc 0,25 m/s
Bng 6-54: Thng s hot ng ming thi cnh chnh i - ASR (Air supply Register)
- hng HT Air Grilles (Singapore)
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Bng 6-55: Thng c tnh k thut ming thi di kiu khuych tn ALD (Supply Air
Linear Diffuser) - HT (Singapore)
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Bng 6-57: Thng s hot ng ming ht l sch - AFL (Air fixed Louvres) - hng HT
Air Grilles (Singapore)
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Qut ly tm cnh hng sau c 2 dng cnh n v cnh dng kh ng (cnh 2 lp).
c im ca qut BI l tc quay ln, p sut to ra ln. Do c im cu to nn
hiu sut qut BI kh ln, c th t 80%. Kh nng qu ti ca ng c t xy ra do
ng c tnh ca cng sut t cc i gn ngoi vng lm vic. Khong lm vic
hiu qu t 45% n 85% lu lng nh mc.
Qut ly tm cnh hng knh (RB)
Qut RB t c s dng trong k thut do ng knh rto ln. c im ca qut RB
l kh nng to p sut tnh ln , chnh v vy n thng c s dng vn chuyn
vt liu dng ht. ng c tnh cng sut N gn nh t l vi lu lng, v th loi
ny c th kim sot lu lng thng qua kim sot nng lng cung cp mt. Nhc
im ca qut RB l gi thnh cao v hiu sut khng cao. Hiu sut cc i c th t
68%.
Qut ly tm dng ng (TC)
Qut ly tm thi thng (dng ng) : (Tubular centrifugal fan, in-line centrinfugal fan)
Qut TC gm mt v hnh tr, gung cnh, cnh, ming ht v ng cn. Dng kh i vo
qut theo trc, qua qut i hng 90o v b p vo v tr to nn p sut, sau li i
hng song song vi trc. Qut TC thot trng ging qut hng trc nhng nguyn l
kh ng khc hn. Hiu sut thp v n cao, nhng khng thay i dng nn c
s dng thay cho qut hng trc khi cn p sut cao.
Qut hng trc :
C 3 loi ch yu :
- Qut dc trc kiu chong chng
- Dng ng
- C cnh hng
Hnh 6-27 : Cc loi qut hng trc
i vi qut hng trc ccc c tnh ca n ph thuc rt ln vo t s ng knh
chn cnh v nh cnh Rh = Do/D1
Qut hng trc dng chong chng :
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+Cn c vo Vq v Hq tin hnh chn qut thch hp sao cho ng c tnh H-V c
hiu sut cao nht (gn nmax).
+nh im lm vic ca qut v xc nh s vng quay n v hiu sut ca n. T
tnh c cng sut ng c ko qut.
Khi chn qut cn nh tc tip tuyn cho php nm trong khong u < 40 -> 45 m/
s trnh gy n qu mc. Ring qut c kch thc ln hn Do> 1000mm cho php
chn u < 60m/s
+Cng sut yu cu trn trc
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Trong Vq m3/s v Hq , Pa
Vi qut ht bi hoc qut ti:
+Cng sut t ca ng c:
***
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* c tnh ca ng ng thp
Cc loi ng thp en thng c s dng dn nc c nhiu loi vi dy mng
khc nhau. Theo mc dy ngi ta chia ra lm nhiu mc khc nhau t Schedul 10
n Schedul 160. Trn bng 7-2 cc loi ng k hiu ST l ng c dy tiu chun,
cc ng XS l loi ng c chiu dy rt ln
Bng 7-2 : c tnh ca ng ng thp
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(7-1)
- Lu lng nc lnh
(7-2)
- Lu lng nc nng
(7-3)
trong :
Qk, Qo v QSI - Cng sut nhit bnh ngng, cng sut lnh bnh bay hi v cng sut
b gia nhit khng kh, kW.
deltatn, deltatNL, deltatNN - chnh nhit nc vo ra bnh ngng, bnh bay hi v
b sy. Thng deltat gn bng 3 -> 5 oC.
Cp - Nhit dung ring ca nc, Cp gn bng4186 J/kg.oC.
Dc theo tuyn ng lu lng thay i v vy cn phi thay i tit din ng ng mt
cch tng ng.
Chn tc nc trn ng ng
Tc ca nc chuyn ng trn ng ng ph thuc 2 yu t
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Xc nh ng knh ng dn
Trn c s lu lng v tc trn tng on ng tin hnh xc nh ng knh trong
ca ng nh sau : .
(7-4)
trong :
V- Lu lng th tch nc chuyn ng qua on ng ang tnh, m3/s
- Xc nh theo th
Xc nh tn tht p sut theo cng thc
Tn tht p lc c xc nh theo cng thc
trong
* H s tr lc ma st
- Khi chy tng Re = omegad/ < 2.103
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* Xc nh tr lc cc b bng di tng ng
xc nh tr lc cc b ngoi cch xc nh nh h s tr lc cc b , ngi ta cn
c cch qui i ra tn tht ma st tng ng v ng vi n l chiu di tng ng.
Di y l chiu di tng ng ca mt s thit b ng ng nc.
Bng 7- 10 : Chiu di tng ng ca cc loi van (mt ng ng)
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Cc trng hp ng ng ni vo thng :
(1) - Nc chuyn ng t ng vo thng v ng ng ni bng mt vi cnh thng.
(2) - Nc chuyn ng t thng ra ng ng v ng ng ni bng mt vi cnh
thng.
(3)- Nc chuyn ng t ng vo thng v ng ng ni nh ln khi cnh thng.
(4) - Nc chuyn ng t thng ra ng ng v ng ng ni nh ln khi cnh
thng.
Xc nh tn tht p sut theo th
Ngoi cch xc nh theo cng thc, trn thc t ngi ta hay s dng phng php
th. Cc th thng xy dng tn tht p sut cho 1m chiu di ng ng. Khi bit
2 trong ba thng s : Lu lng nc tun hon (L/s), ng knh ng (mm) v tc
chuyn ng (m/s). Thng thng chng ta bit trc lu lng v chn tc s xc
nh c kch thc ng v tn tht p sut cho 1m ng.
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Bnh gin n kiu kn c s dng trong h thng nc nng v nhit cao . Bnh
gin n kiu kn khng m ra kh quyn v vn hnh p sut kh quyn. Bnh cn trang
b van x kh. Bnh gin n kiu kn c lp t trn ng ht ca bm, cho php khi
vn hnh p sut ht ca bm gn nh khng i.
Trong h thng iu ho chng ta t gp bnh gin n kiu kn.
Lp t h thng ng ng nc
Khi lp t h thng ng ng nc cn lu b tr sao cho tr lc trn cc nhnh ng
u nhau, mun vy cn b tr sao cho tng chiu di cc nhnh u nhau.
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thng gi
THNG GI
Thng gi
Phn loi
Khi nim
Trong qu trnh sn xut v sinh hot ca con ngi thng sinh ra cc cht c hi v
thi vo trong phng.
Do mt yu cu khng th thiu c l phi thc hin thng gi. Qu trnh thng
gi thc cht l qu trnh thay i khng kh trong phng nhim bng khng kh
mi bn ngoi tri.
Phn loi
Theo hng chuyn ng ca gi
Ngi ta chia ra cc loi sau :
Thng gi kiu thi : Thi khng kh sch vo phng v khng kh trong phng
thi ra bn ngoi qua cc khe h ca phng nh chnh lch ct p
Thng gi kiu ht : Ht x khng kh b nhim ra khi phng v khng kh
bn ngoi rn vo phng theo cc khe h nh chnh lch ct p.
Thng gi kt hp : Kt hp c ht x ln thi vo phng, y l phng php
hiu qu nht.
Theo ng lc to ra thng gi
Thng gi t nhin : L hin tng trao i khng kh trong nh v ngoi tri
nh chnh lch ct p. Thng ct p chnh lch do nhit khc nhau l ph
bin nht.
Thng gi cng bc : Qu trnh thng gi thc hin bng qut.
Theo phng php t chc
Thng gi tng th : Thng gi tng th cho ton b phng hay cng trnh
Thng gi cc b : Thng gi cho mt khu vc nh c bit trong phng hay
cc phng c sinh cc cht c hi ln.
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Lu lng thng gi
Lu lng gi s dng thng gi c tnh ph thuc vo mc ch thng gi. Mc
ch c th l kh cc cht c hi, thi nhit tha, m tha pht sinh trong phng,
kh bi...vv.
Lu lng thng gi kh kh c
(8-1)
trong
G - Lng cht c hi ta ra phng , g/h
yc - Nng cho php ca cht c hi (tham kho bng 2.8), g/m3
yo - Nng cht c hi trong khng kh thi vo, g/m3
Lu lng thng gi kh hi nc tha
Ghn - Lng hi nc to ra phng , kg/h
(8-2)
dmax - Dung m cc i cho php ca khng kh trong phng, g/kg
do - Dung m ca khng kh thi vo phng, g/kg
Lu lng thng gi kh bi
trong :
(8-3)
Gb - Lng bi thi ra phng, g/h
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(8-4)
QT- Lng nhit tha trong phng, kCal/h
Ir, Iv - Entanpi ca khng kh thi vo v ht ra phng, KCal/kg.
Trong trng hp khng kh trong phng ch to nhit m khng ta hi m th c th
p dng cng thc :
(8-5)
tr, tv - Nhit ca khng kh thi vo v ht ra phng, oC
Nhit dung ring ca khng kh Ck = 0,24 kCal/kg.oC
Khi tnh ton cn lu
- Nhit khng kh trong phng ly theo yu cu v sinh v cng ngh ca qu trnh
sn xut.
- Nhit khng kh vo phi tho mn iu kin v sinh tv > tT - a . Gi tr a tu thuc
v tr lp t ming thi nu chng 4.
- Nhit khng kh ra : C th ly bng nhit khng kh trong phng. Nu ming
ht t cao th tnh theo cng thc sau :
(8-6)
H - Khong cch t mt sn n ming ht, m
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(8-7)
trong
K - Bi s tun hon
Vkk - Lu lng khng kh cp vo phng, m3/h
Vgm - Th tch gian my, m3
Bng 8-1 : Bi s tun hon v lu lng gi thng gi, m3/h
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Thng gi t nhin
Thng gi t nhin l hin tng trao i khng kh trong nh v ngoi tri do chnh
lch mt khng kh. Thng gi t nhin c thc hin nh gi, nhit hoc tng hp
c hai.
Thng gi t nhin bao gm :
Thng gi do thm lt
Thng gi do kh p : nhit p v p sut gi
Thng gi nh h thng knh dn
229/291
(8-10)
Tc khng kh chuyn ng qua cc ca vo v ca thi :
ch n nh ta c L1 = L2 hay:
(8-17)
T y ta rt ra :
(8-18)
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V thay vo phng trnh tnh lu lng ta c lu lng khng kh trao i trong trng
hp ny l :
(8-19)
Lu lng khng kh trao i ph thuc vo cao h v chnh mt gia bn trong
v ngoi.
Trng hp c bit khi F1 = F2 v 1 = 2
(8-20)
Thng gi t nhin di tc dng p sut gi.
Ngi ta nhn thy khi mt lung gi i qua mt kt cu bao che th c th to ra
chnh ct p 2 pha ca kt cu :
- pha trc ngn gi : Khi gp kt kt cu bao che tc dng khng kh gim t
ngt nn p sut tnh cao, c tc dng y khng kh vo gian my.
- Ngc li pha sau cng trnh c dng khng kh xoy qun nn p sut gim xung
to nn vng chn khng, c tc dng ht khng kh ra khi gian my.
Ct p (hay chn khng) do gi to ra c gi tr:
(8-21)
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Kk - H s kh ng
g - Tc gi , m/s
N - Khi lng ring ca khng kh bn ngoi tri, kg/m3
H s Kk c xc nh bng thc nghim, ngi ta to ra nhng lung gi gi thi
vo cc m hnh cc cng trnh ri o p sut phn b trn cc im cn xt trn m
hnh ri da vo l thuyt tng t suy ra p sut trn cng trnh thc.
H s Kk c ly nh sau :
- Pha u gi : Kmax = 0,8 thng ly k = 0,5 -> 0,6
- Pha khut gi : Kmin = - 0,75 thng ly k = - 0,3
H s Kk khng ph thuc vo tc m ph thuc vo gc thi ca khng kh vo so
vi nh , hnh dng nh v v tr tng i gia cc nh vi nhau
Nu tnh nh hng ca nhit p v kh p ta c lu lng khng kh trao i l
(8-22)
S dng thng gi t nhin do kh p cn phi kho lo b tr cc ca vo v ca thi
mi em li hiu qu cao.
- V ma h chnh nhit trong phng vo ngoi tri thp nn vic thng gi do
kh p ch yu nh p sut gi.
- V ma ng chnh ln nn vic thng gi do kh p tng, nhng lu lng khng
kh trao i cn t do nhit tha gim, v th nn khp cc ca thng gi li mt phn.
+ Vic s dng thng gi t nhin i vi cc phng ln rt kinh t v hiu qu v hu
nh khng c chi ph vn hnh.
+ Tuy nhin c nhc im l phn phi gi khng u, khng ch ng a c ti
ni yu cu
Thng gi t nhin theo knh dn gi
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Thng gi cng bc
Thng gi nh qut gi l thng gi cng bc
Phn loi cc h thng thng gi cng bc
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235/291
236/291
Trn hnh 8-2 trnh by 2 kiu qut thng gi hay c s dng. Qut khung nha hnh
thc ph hp cc cng trnh dn dng, qut khung st thung c s dng trong cc x
nghip cng nghip.
Cch lp t qut thng gi kiu gn tng n gin. Tuy nhin khng phi phng no
cng lp t c. i vi cc phng nm su trong cng trnh ngi ta s dng qut
thng gi t trn laphng cng h thng knh thng gi, ming ht, ming thi.
Hnh 8-3 : Qut thng gi gn tng GENUIN
Trn hnh 8-3 l qut thng gi ca hng GENUIN thng hay c s dng thng
gi cc b . Qut ny c th gn tng hoc trn vi cc thng s k thut v m thut
rt tt. Cc c tnh k thut ca qut trnh by trn bng 8-2.
Bng 8-2 : cc thng s qut gn tng GENUIN
237/291
Trn hnh 8-4 l mt v d v thng gi tng th. Qut s dng thng gi tng th thng
l qut dng ng hoc cc qut ly tm..
thng gi cho cc phng ln hoc nhiu phng mt lc ngi ta s dng thng gi
kiu tng th.
***
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tiu m v lc bi
TIU M V LC BI
Khi nim.
Ting n l tp hp nhng m thanh c cng v tn s khc nhau sp xp khng c
trt t, gy kh chu cho ngi nghe, cn tr con ngi lm vic v ngh ngi.
Cc c trng c bn ca m thanh
-Tn s m thanh
n v o l Hz. Mi m thanh c c trng bi mt tn s dao ng ca sng m.
Bnh thng tai ngi cm th c cc m thanh c tn s t 16 -> 20.000 Hz
-Ngng nghe v ngng chi tai
m thanh l nhng dao ng c hc c lan truyn di hnh thc sng trong mi
trng n hi, nhng khng phi bt c sng no n tai cng gy ra cm gic m
thanh nh nhau. Cng m thanh nh nht mt sng m xc nh m tai ngi nghe
thy c gi l ngng nghe. m thanh c tn s khc nhau gi tr ngng nghe cng
khc nhau. Cng m thanh ln nht m tai ngi c th chu c gi l ngng
chi tai.
-Mc cng m L (dB)
Mc cng m thanh c xc nh theo cng thc :
239/291
p - p sut m thanh , Pa
po - p sut m thanh ngng nghe: po = 2.10-5 Pa
-Mc to ca m (Fn)
Mc to ca m l sc mnh cm gic do m thanh gy nn trong tai ngi, n khng
nhng ph thuc vo p sut m m cn ph thuc vo tn s m thanh. Tn s cng
thp th tai ngi cng kh nhn thy.
Ngi ta xc nh c rng mc to ca m thanh bt k o bng Fn , c gi tr bng
mc p sut m ca m chun c cng mc to vi m . i vi m chun , mc to
ngng nghe l 0 Fn , ngng chi tai l 120 Fn. Cc m c cng gi tr p sut m
nu tn s cng cao th mc to cng ln.
-Di tn s m thanh
C quan cm gic ca con ngi khng phn ng vi tng tuyt i ca tn s m
thanh m theo mc tng tng i ca n. Khi tn s tng gp i th cao ca m
tng ln 1 tng , gi l 1 cta tn s.
Ngi ta chia tn s m thanh ra thnh nhiu di, trong gii hn trn ca ln gp
i gii hn di. Ton b di tn s m thanh m tai ngi nghe c chia ra lm 11
cta tn s v c gi tr trung bnh l 31,5; 63; 125; 250; 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; 8000;
16.000
Tiu chun v sinh v mc cho php ca ting n c quy nh 8 cta : 63; 125; 250;
500; 100; 200; 400; 800
Bng 9-1
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nh hng ca n
Ting n c nh hng nhiu n sc kho con ngi. Mc nh hng tu thuc vo
gi tr ca n. Bng 9-2 di y a ra cc s liu v mc nh hng ca n
ti sc kho ca con ngi.
Bng 9-2
241/291
Tnh ton n
Ngun gy n v cch khc phc
-Cc ngun gy n :
Ngun n gy ra cho khng gian iu ha c cc ngun gc sau:
- Ngun n do cc ng c qut, ng c, my lnh t trong phng gy ra
- Ngun n do kh ng ca dng khng kh .
- Ngun n t bn ngoi truyn vo phng
242/291
+ Theo kt cu xy dng
+ Theo ng ng dn khng kh
+ Theo dng khng kh
+ Theo khe h vo phng
- Ngun n do khng kh ra ming thi
-Cch khc phc
Ngun n do cc ng c, thit b trong phng.
- Chn thit b c n nh : Khi chn cc my iu ho, cc dn lnh, FCU, AHU cn
lu n ca n, trnh s dng thit b c n ln.
- Bc tiu m cm thit b : Trong nhiu trng hp ngi ta chn gii php bc tiu
m cm thit b. Chng hn cc FCU, AHU v qut thng gi cng sut ln khi lp t
trn laphng s gy n khu vc nn ngi ta thng bc cch m cm thit b ny.
- Thng xuyn bi trn cc c cu chuyn ng gim ma st gim n
- t thit b bn ngoi phng
Ngun n do kh ng ca dng khng kh
Dng khng kh chuyn ng vi tc cao s to ra ting n. V th khi thit k phi
chn tc hp l.
Ngun n truyn qua kt cu xy dng
- i vi cc phng c bit, ngi thit k xy dng phi tnh ton v cu trc sao cho
cc ngun n khng c truyn theo kt cu xy dng vo phng, bng cch to ra cc
khe ln, khng xy lin dm, lin trc vi cc phng c th to ra chn ng.
- Mt trong nhng trng hp hay gp l cc ng c, bm v my lnh t trn sn
cao. kh cc rung ng do cc ng c to ra lan truyn theo kt cu xy dng lm
nh hng ti cc phng di, ngi ta t cc cm thit b ln cc b qun tnh t
trn cc b l xo gim chn. Qun tnh ca vt nng v sc cng ca l xo s kh ht
cc chn ng do cc ng c gy ra.
- i vi cc FCU, AHU v qut dng treo , thng ngi ta treo trn cc gi c m
cao su hoc l xo.
243/291
Di y ch ra mc n ca mt s thit b:
n ca qut
Ting n do qut gy ra ph thuc vo nhiu yu t, nh chng loi qut, vn tc, hng
qut, ch lm vic, tr lc h thng, bn cht mi trng...vv
244/291
245/291
Ghi ch :
AF - Qut ly tm cnh rng profile kh ng
BC - Qut ly tm c cnh hng bu cong
BI - Qut ly tm c cnh hng bu xin
BFI - tng ting n (dB) do tn s dao ng ca cnh fc ( fc = s cnh x s vng
quay ca qut trong 1 giy)
n pht ra t my nn v bm
Nu c catalogue ca thit b c th tra c n ca n. Trong trng hp khng c
cc s liu v n ca thit b do nh sn xut cung cp, ta c th tnh theo cng sut
c th nh sau:
- i vi my nn ly tm
trong :
USTR - Tn lnh M : 1 USTR = 3024 kCal/h
246/291
- i vi my nn pttng
- i vi bm nc tun hon
247/291
trong
Laf - Mc cng m pht sinh ra , dB
K s - Thng s ring ca kt cu ng ng;
- Vi van iu chnh : Ks = -107
- Ct cong c cnh hng : KS = -107 + 10.lgn vi n l s cnh hng dng
- Ch ng chia nhnh : Ks = -107 + deltaL1 + deltaL2
+deltaL1 - H s hiu chnh cong r nhnh, dB. H s ny ph thuc t s gia bn
knh cong r ca ch chia nhnh vi ng knh ng nhnh d
Nu r/d 0 ly deltaL1 = 4->6 dB
Nu r/d 0,15 ly deltaL1 = 0
+ deltaL2 - H s hiu chnh ri, dB. Bnh thng ly deltaL2 = 0. Nu v tr u
ngun cch v tr ang xt 5 ln ng knh ng c lp t van iu chnh th ngi ta
mi xt ti i lng ny. Trong trng hp ny ly deltaL2 = 1 -> 5 dB tu theo mc
ri lon ca dng kh u ngun..
Vcon- Tc khng kh ti ch tht , hoc ti ng nhnh, FPM;
248/291
249/291
P - Chu vi ng, in
A - Din tch tit din ng , in2
ng ch nht khng c lt lp ht m, nhng c bc cch nhit bn ngoi
i vi loi ng ng ny, th mc gim m ly gp i s liu nu trong bng 9-6.
ng trn c lt lp ht m
gim m ph thuc vo din tch tit din ngang ca ng ng v tnh cht vt liu
ht m . Cc s liu c dn ra bng 9-7.
Bng 9-7 : gim m thanh dB/ft
251/291
i vi ng ng ch nht c lt lp ht m
- i vi tn s di m di 800 Hz gim m c tnh nh sau :
IL - gim m thanh, dB
t - dy ca lp vt liu ht m, in
h - Cnh ngn lng ng, in
P - Chu vi lng ng, in
A- Din tch lng ng, in2
L Chiu di on ng, ft
f- Tn s m thanh, Hz
d- Khi lng ring vt ht m, lb/ft3
- i vi tn s trn 800 Hz
trong :
k = 2,11.109
W - Cnh di ca lng ng, in
L - Chiu di on ang xt, ft
252/291
Cng thc 9-11 tnh khi L < 10 ft. Khi L > 10ft th ly L = 10ft
Bng 9-8 : gim m trn on ng hnh ch nht c lt lp ht m dy 1in, dB/ft
253/291
f - Tn s m , kHz
D- ng knh ng trn, in
gim m ti ct cong ch nht
Ct vch nht lm gim ti a nhng m thanh trong di cta m tn s trung tm gn
bng hoc ln hn 125 Hz.
Bng 9-10 a ra cc kt qu gim m khi dng khng kh i qua ct ch nht c v
khng c lp ht m.
9-10: gim m qua ct ch nht, dB
W - Cnh ln ca ng ch nht, in
f - Tn s m tnh bng, kHz
c. gim m ti ch chia nhnh
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255/291
256/291
257/291
trong :
LV - Mc nng lng m thanh u vo ng, dB
LR - Mc nng lng m pht x sau khi xuyn qua ng, dB
AN, AT - Din tch pht x mt ngoi ng v din tch tit din ngang bn trong ng, in2
- Tn tht pht x m vo ng ng trong trng hp tng qut :
dB (9-15)
WV - Cng m truyn ti ng, dB
WR- Cng m c truyn qua ng, dB
b. Tn tht m do pht x qua thnh ng ch nht ra ngoi
tnh tn tht trn ng truyn qua ng ch nht ngi ta gii hn tn s m thanh
sau y lm mc:
(9-16)
trong :
fL gi l tn s m mc.
a, b l hai cnh ca ng ch nht, in
- Khi tn s f < fL th kiu sng phng l ch yu v gim m tnh theo cng thc :
258/291
trong :
m - Khi lng trn 1 n v din tch thnh ng, lb/ft2
Theo cng thc trn, tn tht m do truyn qua ng ch nht khng ph chiu di ng
m ph thuc vo khi lng trn 1 n v din tch thnh ng m.
Di y l tn tht m khi truyn qua ng ng cc di tn s khc nhau.
Bng 9-12 : Tn tht m khi truyn t ng ra ngoi TLR, dB
259/291
trong
D - ng knh ng, in
sichma- Chiu dy ca ng, in
L - Chiu di ng, ft
Trong trng hp tp m nn che khut ting n pht x, th gii hn thp hn ca TL
c biu th bng du >. Cc s liu trong du ngoc n cho bit rng ting ng nn
s sinh ra mt gi tr ln hn s liu thng thng.
Tn tht m TL ca ng van
Mc tn tht m thanh khi truyn qua thnh ng van c dn ra bng
Bng 9-15 : Tn tht truyn m t ng van ra ngoi TLR, dB
261/291
(9-19)
trong :
Lwr - Mc cng m trong phng, dB
V - Th tch ca phng, ft3
f - Tn s trung tm ca di cta, Hz
r - Khong cch t ngun m ti ni thu nhn, ft
Nu trong phng c nhiu ngun m th tnh Lpr ring r v cng li tnh tng p su
m ti ni thu nhn.
Trng hp c nhiu ming thi khuych tn t st trn
Trong cc vn phng v phng ln trong to nh thng c nhiu ming thi . Nu s
lng ln hn hay bng 4 v cao lp t nh nhau th mc p sut m trong phng
cao 5 ft cch sn c xc nh nh sau :
262/291
Thit b tiu m
Trong k thut iu ho khng kh ngi ta thng s dng cc thit b tiu m nhm
gim m thanh pht ra t cc thit b v dng khng kh chuyn ng truyn n khu
vc xung quanh v c bit l truyn vo phng.
i vi cc thit b nh nh cc qut, FCu v AHU ngi ta bc kn thit b bng cc
hp tiu m ht ht cc m thanh pht x t thit b khng chng lan truyn ra
chung quanh
i vi cc AHU ln, phng my Chiller ngi ta t trong cc phng my kn c bc
cch m.
i vi dng khng kh ngi ta s dng cc hp tiu m t trn ng i. Cc hp
tiu m ny c nhim v ht ht m lan truyn theo dng khng kh chuyn ng. Di
y trnh by cu to ca hp tiu m t trn ng ng.
- Lp bng ht m
- Lp tn v ngoi
Hp tiu m c nh hnh nh khung g bao quanh . dy D ca lp bng thu tinh
nm trong khong 100 -> 300mm. dy cng ln kh nng ht m cng tt. Lp trong
cng l lp tn c l , cc l c tc dng ht m thanh, trong mt s trng hp ngi
ta s dng li st hoc li nha thay th.
Lc bi
Khi nim
Bi l mt trong cc cht c hi . Tc hi ca bi ph thuc vo cc yu t : Kch c
bi, nng bi v ngun gc bi.
- Ngun gc:
+ Hu c : Do cc sn phm nng nghip v thc phm nh thuc l, bng g, cc sn
phm nng sn, da, lng sc vt
+ Bi v c : t, , xi mng, aming, bi kim loi
- Kch c ht: Bi c kch c cng b tc hi cng ln do kh nng xm nhp su, tn
ti trong khng kh lu v kh x l.
+ Rt mn : 0,1 - 1 m
+ Mn : 1 - 10 m
+ Th : > 10 m
- Nng :
+ Nng bi cho php trong khng kh thng cho theo nng xit silic
Bng 9-18
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265/291
trong :
- nht ng hc ca khng kh, kg.s/m2
L - Lu lng khng kh i qua bung lng , m3/s
gamam - Trng lng n v ca bi, kg/m3
d - ng knh ht bi, m
B - Chiu rng bung lng, m
266/291
Cc cng thc trn y ch tnh trong trng hp khng kh chuyn ng trong bung
l chy tng. Thc t khng tc khng kh chuyn ng trong bung thng chn l
0,6 m/s.
Khi dng khng kh ang chy tng. Khi chuyn sang ch chy ri cng thc trn
khng cn ng na.
B lc bi kiu xicln
B lc bi xiclon l thit b lc bi c s dng tng i ph bin . Nguyn l lm
vic ca thit b lc bi kiu xiclon l li dng lc ly tm khi dng khng kh chuyn
ng tch bi ra khi khng kh
Hnh 9-4 : Cu to lc bi kiu xiclon
Nguyn l lm vic ca thit b lc bi xiclon nh sau : Khng kh c bi ln i qua ng
1 theo phng tip tuyn vi ng tr 2 v chuyn ng xoy trn i xung di pha
di, khi gp phu 3 dng khng kh b y ngc ln chuyn ng xoy trong ng 4
v thot ra ngoi. Trong qu trnh chuyn ng xoy c ln v xung trong cc ng cc
ht bi di tc dng ca lc ly tm va vo thnh, mt qun tnh v ri xung di .
y xiclon ngi ta c lp thm van xn x bi vo thng cha. Van x 5 l van x
kp 2 ca 5a v 5b khng m ng thi nhm m bo lun cch ly bn trong xiclon
vi thng cha bi, khng cho khng kh lt ra ngoi.
* Tnh ton Xiclon :
tnh ton ngi ta gi thit
1- Cc ht bi c kch thc hnh cu.
2- Lc ly tm tc dng ln ht bi theo hng bn knh ca xiclon v b qua lc tc
dng ca trng lc.
3- Ht bi c tch ra khi khng kh sau khi va chm v thnh xiclon
Da vo cc gi thit ngi ta xc nh c c ht bi nh nht c th gi li
c trong xiclon v thi gian chuyn ng ca ht bi t lc vo n lc lng ng
di y xiclon :
267/291
trong :
v - nht ng hc ca khng kh, m2/s
gamak, gamam - Khi lng ring ca khng kh v bi, kg/m3
R1 - Bn knh ca ng thot kh , m
R2 - Bn knh hnh tr ca xiclon, m
om - Vn tc trung bnh ca ht bi , s-1
B lc bi kiu qun tnh
Nguyn l hot ng ca thit b lc bi kiu qun tnh l da vo lc qun tnh ca ht
bi khi thay i chiu chuyn ng t ngt.
Trn hnh 9-5 trnh by cu to ca thit b lc bi kiu qun tnh. Cu to gm nhiu
khoang ng hnh chp ct c ng knh gim dn xp chng ln nhau to ra cc gc
hp vi phng thng ng khong 60o v khong cch gia cc khoang ng khong t
5 -> 6mm.
Khng kh c bi c a qua ming 1 vo phu th nht, cc ht bi c qu tnh ln
i thng, khng kh mt phn i qua khe h gia cc chp v thot ra ng 3. Cc ht bi
c dn vo cui thit b .
Thit b lc bi kiu qu tnh c cu to v nguyn l hot ng tng i n gin
nhng nhc im l hiu qa lc bi thp , tng hiu qu lc bi ngi ta thng
kt hp cc kiu lc bi vi nhau, c bit vi kiu lc kiu xcln, hiu qu c th t
80 -> 98%. Phn khng kh c nhiu bi cui thit b c a vo xicln lc tip.
B lc bi kiu ti vi.
Thit b lc bi kiu ti vi c s dng rt ph bin cho cc loi bi mn, kh kh
tch khi khng kh nh lc qun tnh v ly tm. lc ngi ta cho lung khng kh
c nhim bi i qua cc ti vi mn, ti vi s ngn cc ht bi li v khng kh i
thot qua.
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Qua mt thi gian lc, lng bi bm li bn trong nhiu , khi hiu qu lc bi cao
t 90 -> 95% nhng tr lc khi ln deltap = 600 -> 800 Pa, nn sau mt thi gian
lm vic phi nh k r bi bng tay hoc kh nn trnh nghn dng gi i qua thit
b. i vi dng kh m cn sy kh trc khi lc bi trnh hin tng bt dnh trn b
mt vi lc lm tng tr lc v nng sut lc. Thit b lc bi kiu ti vi c nng sut
lc khong 150 -> 180m3/h trn 1m2 din tch b mt vi lc. Khi nng bi khong
30 -> 80 mg/m3 th hiu qu lc bi kh cao t t 96->99%. Nu nng bi trong
khng kh cao trn 5000 mg/m3 th cn lc s b bng thit b lc khc trc khi a
sang b lc ti vi.
B lc kiu ti vi c nhiu kiu dng khc nhau, di y trnh by kiu ti vi thng
c s dng.
Trn hnh 9-5 l cu to ca thit b lc bi kiu ti vi n gin. Hn hp khng kh v
bi i vo ca 1 v chuyn ng xoy i xung cc ti vi 2, khng kh lt qua ti vi
v i ra ca thot gi 5. Bi c cc ti vi ngn li v ri xung phu 3 v nh k x
nh van 4
r bi ngi ta thng s dng cc cnh gt bi hoc kh nn chuyn ng ngc
chiu khi lc bi , cc lp bi bm trn vi s ri khi b mt bn trong ti vi.
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B lc bi kiu tnh in
B lc tnh in c s dng lc ht gia cc ht nh np in m. Cc ht bi bn
trong thit b lc bi ht nhau v kt li thnh khi c kch thc ln cc tm thu gp.
Chng rt d kh b nh dng kh.
Thit b lc bi kiu in hnh trnh by trn hnh 9-7. Thit b c chia thnh 2 vng:
Vng in ho v vng thu gp. Vng in ho c cng cc si dy mang in tch dng
vi in th 1200V. Cc ht bi trong khng kh khi i qua vng in ho s mang in
tch dng. Sau vng in ho l vng thu gp, gm cc bn cc tch in dng v m
xen k nhau ni vi ngun in 6000V. Cc bn tch in m ni t. Cc ht bi tch
in dng khi i qua vng thu gp s c bn cc m ht vo. Do gia cc ht bi
c rt nhiu im tip xc nn lin kt gia cc ht bi bng lc phn t s ln hn lc
ht gia cc tm cc vi cc ht bi . Do cc ht bi kt li v ln dn ln. Khi kch
thc cc ht ln s b dng khng kh thi ri khi b mt tm cc m. Cc ht bi
ln ri khi cc tm cc vng thu gp s c thu gom nh b lc bi th kiu trc
quay t cui gom li.
Hnh 9-7: B lc bi kiu tnh in
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phn ph lc
PHN PH LC
Nhit ln nht t max v nhit b nht t min tuyt i trong nm
272/291
Nhit trung bnh ln nht cc ngy trong thng t tb max (tip theo)
273/291
Nhit trung bnh ln nht cc ngy trong thng t tb max (tip theo)
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Nhit nh nht trung bnh cc ngy trong thng, t tb min (tip theo)
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Thng s vt l ca khng kh kh
BNG CHUYN I N V
p sut :
1 psi = 6,89476 kPa = 6894,76 N/m2
1 in Hg = 3,38639 kPa
1 in H2O = 0,24908 kPa
1 ft H2O = 2,98896 kPa
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1 in = 25,4 mm
1 ft = 12 in = 304,8 mm = 0,333 yard
1 yard = 0,9144 m
1 mile = 1,609344 km = 5280 ft
1 m = 3,2808 ft
Din tch
1 m2 = 10,7639 ft2 = 1550 in2
1 are = 100 m2
1 hectare = 104 m2
1 ft2 = 144 in2 = 929 cm2
1 in2 = 645,16 mm2
Th tch
1 Gal (US) = 3,7854 Lt = 0,13368 ft3
1 in3 = 16,387 cm3
1 ft3 = 0,0283168 m3
1 m3 = 35,3147 ft3
1 cm2 = 0,061024 in3
Khi lng
1 oz = 28,3495 g
1 lb = 0,45359237 kg = 16 oz
1 quital = 100 kg
283/291
1 Ton = 1016,05 kg
1 kg = 2,2046 lb
1 g = 15,432 grains
Cng sut
1 HP = 0,7457 kW
1 W = 1 J/s
1 Ton lnh (US) = 12.000 Btu/h = 3,5169 kW
1 Tonlanh (Japan) = 13.175 Btu/h = 3,86 kW
Nng lng
1 kWh = 3600 kJ = 3412 Btu
1 kCal = 4,187 kJ
1 Btu = 1,05506 kJ = 0,25198 kCal
1 Cal = 3,968 Btu
1 ft.lbf = 1,35582 J
1 Therm = 105,506 MJ
1 kJ = 1 kW.s
Tc :
1 fpm = 0,00508 m/s
1 fps = 0,3048 m/s
1 m/s = 196,85 fpm
Lc :
1 lbf = 4,44822 N
284/291
1 tonf = 9,964 kN
1 kip = 4,44822 kN
1 kgf = 1 kp = 9,80665 N
TI LIU THAM KHO
H ng Trung, Nguyn Qun . Gio trnh thng gi v iu tit khng kh. Trng i
hc Bch khoa, H Ni , 1993
H ng Trung, Nguyn Qun . C s k thut iu ho khng kh . Nh xut bn Khoa
hc v K thut, H Ni, nm 1997.
L Ch Hip . K thut iu ho khng kh. Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, HNi,
nm 1998
Trn Ngc Chn . K thut thng gi. Nh xut bn xy dng, H Ni, nm 1998
Catalogue cc my iu ho ca hng Carrier
Catalogue cc my iu ho ca hng Trane
Catalogue cc my iu ho ca hng Toshiba
Catalogue cc my iu ho ca hng Mitsubishi
Catalogue cc my iu ho ca hng Daikin
Catalogue cc my iu ho ca hng National
Catalogue cc my iu ho ca hng Hitachi
Catalogue cc my iu ho ca hng York
Catalogue cc my iu ho ca hng LG
ASHRAE 1985 Fundamentals Handbook (SI) - Atlanta, GA, 1985
ASHRAE 1989 Fundamentals Handbook (SI) - Atlanta, GA, 1989
ASHRAE 1993 Fundamentals Handbook (SI) - Atlanta, GA, 1993
ASHREA 1993 Air conditioning system design manual
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Tham gia ng gp
Ti liu: tnh ton thit k h thng iu ha khng kh
Bin tp bi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/c/16e43e87
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: NHNG KIN THC C BN V KHNG KH
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/4c9c10db
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: MI TRNG KHNG KH V CHN THNG S TNH TON CHO
CC H THNG IU HO
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/e96f8556
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: CN BNG NHIT V CN BNG M
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/38d69bbc
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Bc x mt tri qua knh thc t
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/425bb423
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: THNH LP V TNH TON CC S IU HO KHNG KH
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/2fd5a082
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: TNH TON CC S IU HO KHNG KH THEO TH d-t
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
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URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/b223741b
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: LA CHN CC H THNG IU HA KHNG KH
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/017df956
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: H thng kiu phn tn.
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/ac36e01d
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: THIT K H THNG VN CHUYN V PHN PHI KHNG KH
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/b886f972
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Cn m v t m
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/bf06620f
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Tnh ton thit k ng ng dn khng kh.
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/75e90450
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Tnh chn ming thi
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/a4756c5e
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: tnh ton thit k h thng ng ng dn nc
Cc tc gi: V Ch Chnh
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/33213e50
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