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Variable Frequency Drive
Variable Frequency Drive
Variable Frequency Drive
A viable-frequency drive is an electronic controller that adjusts the speed of an electric motor by
modulating the power being delivered. Variable-frequency drives provide continuous control,
matching motor speed to the specific demands of the work being performed.
Variable-frequency drives are an excellent choice for adjustable-speed drive users because they
allow operators to fine-tune processes while reducing costs for energy and equipment
maintenance.
BENEFITS
Single-speed drives start motors abruptly, subjecting the motor to high torque and current surges
up to 10 times the full-load current. In contrast, variable-frequency drives offer a "soft start"
capability, gradually ramping up a motor to operating speed. This lessens mechanical and
electrical stress on the motor system and can reduce maintenance and repair costs and extend
motor life.
Variable-frequency drives allow more precise control of processes such as water distribution,
aeration and chemical feed. Pressure in water distribution systems can be maintained to closer
tolerances. Wastewater treatment plants can consistently maintain desired dissolved oxygen
concentrations over a wide range of flow and biological loading conditions by using automated
controls to link dissolved oxygen sensors to variable-frequency drives on the aeration blowers.
PERFORMANCE HISTORY
Variable-frequency drives are reliable, easy to operate, increase the degree of flow control, and
reduce pump noise.
Because of the nature of this technology, variable-frequency drives can produce harmonic
distortionadversely affecting power quality, and subsequently, other electrical machinery.
However, manufacturers have developed many solutions to correct this problem. For example,
installing an isolation transformer in conjunction with the variable-frequency drive can reduce
distortion to an inconsequential level.
COST CONSIDERATIONS
First costs for variable-frequency drives are relatively expensive. Installed drives range from
about $3,000 for a 5 horsepower motor to almost $45,000 for a custom-engineered 300
horsepower motor, and more for larger versions. Variable-frequency drive installation can take
from 10 to over 70 labor-hours, depending on system size and complexity. However, payback
period for these drives can range from just a few months to less than three years for 25- to 250horsepower models. Because each variable-frequency drive can drive more than one motor, some
costs can be consolidated. In addition, savings from reduced maintenance and longer equipment
life contribute significantly to achieving a rapid payback and long-term savings. Many electric
utilities offer financial incentives that can reduce the installed costs of variable-frequency drive.
DEMONSTRATED SUCCESS
Variable-frequency drives have a proven track record of success in water and wastewater
facilities throughout California. The Moulton Niguel Water District saves money by using
variable-frequency drives instead of cycling their pumps on and off. San Diego Gas & Electric
supported this energy-saving measure by providing financial incentives to the District for
installing variable-frequency drives.