BIOMOLECULES REVIEW SHEET

Proteins Are the instructions that make all living

things function.
Large molecules comprised of chains of
Amino Acids
Important for building muscle and tissue
Ribosomes piece the amino acids together to
create proteins during the process of
Transcription
Food sources are meat and dairy as well as nuts and beans
Carbohydrates Chains of glucose make up all
carbohydrates
Glucose is a simple sugar.
Sucrose is made of glucose and another
simple sugar, fructose
Glucose is important as a fuel for energy
production in cellular respiration
Starch and other polysaccharides are made of chains of many glucose
molecules
Glucose is stored in complex carbohydrates, such as starches. The body breaks
these molecules down to the single glucose molecules that can then be used for
energy production
Sources of simple sugars are fruits and fruit juices for quick energy
Sources of complex carbohydrates are pastas and
cereals for longer lasting energy
Lipids Fats chains of fatty acids chains of Carbon
bonded to Hydrogen.
Saturated fats are straight chains of carbon and
hydrogen.
Food sources for saturated fats are butter and animal
fats
Unsaturated fats have a bend in the chain they are
somewhat healthier than saturated fats
Good food sources for unsaturated fats are oil
The body stores energy in lipids.
Lipids also provide cushioning for the body
Lipids repel, or avoid water this property is referred to as
hydrophobic
Nucleic Acids The building blocks of DNA

The 4 bases along with the phosphate and deoxyribose backbone are the
nucleic acids
These bases are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
During transcription the bases of DNA are transcribed to the 4 bases of mRNA
Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
During Translation, the bases of mRNA are translated to proteins