Introduction to Acoustics

Advanced Homework #2
P1. Prove that the potential energy and kinetic energy are identical if the wave of interest is a plane
wave in an infinite domain. (20pts)

1 p2
1
, k 0u 2
2
2 0 c
2

P2. Derivate the equation of state (1) from 1-D duct wave propagation

p' B

c2
' 0

(1)

Where B is the bulk modulus. (20pts)

(Hint : From Figure 1, you may use conservation of mass and Newtons second law)

Figure 1

S is cross-sectional area of the duct, x is the coordinate that measures the distance
from the disturbance, and

is the disturbance velocity.

P3. Let's study again the following two typical ducts excited by velocity source,

u (t ) . The walls are

assumed to be rigid, and the wave length of interest is much longer than the cross sectional
dimension of the ducts. (20pts)

x0
Infinite

x0
duct

u (t ) A sin( t )

xL

Finite

duct

Rigid

wall

u (t ) A sin( t )

(a) What would be the mean intensity and energy, with respect to time, at arbitrary position( x ).
What is the associated physical meanings?
(b) What will be the averaged acoustic energy from

x 0 to

x L , and its physical implication?

P4. Suppose that the SPL was 90 dB when one of the machines stopped operating; it was 95 dB
when it was working. (20pts)
(a) What is the SPL of its own?
(b) Discuss the validity to use the above method to obtain the SPL of the machine.

P5. The following shows the SPL in octave band that was measured in an anechoic chamber; the
SPL was measured at 1 m from the motor. (20pts)

the center frequency of

octave band(Hz)

63

125

250

500

1000

2000

4000

8000

SPL(dB)

65

70

72

78

84

86

75

71

(1) Calculate the overall SPL. (dB reference: 20 Pa)

(2) Estimate the total A-weighted SPL using following table.
(3) Compare the two results, and explain the reason why total and A-weighted SPLs are needed.