BSES

MADE BY RAHUL SHARMA 0621321042

PROCESS

COMPANIES DEALING WITH POWER

Generation
Inderprasth station NTPC Pragati Gas station

Transmission
DTL

DISTRIBUTION
BSES NDPL

POWER GRID

Single Line Diagram Of Sub Station

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT USED IN GRID

Power Transformer Isolators Voltage/CVT Transformer

Bus Bar

Current Transformer (CT)

Lightening Arrestor

Circuit Breakers

Relays

POWER TRANSFORMER

Three Core power transformer

Convert 11KV/.4KV

Delta-Delta conversion

CURRENT TRANSFORMER

3-4 Core Current Transformer Covert 800-400 A to 1 A 3 Core Differential Protection Metering Bus Bar Protection

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

3 Core Differential Protection Protection Ckt Metering

ISOLATORS

CIRCUIT BREAKER

Relays Relay is a device which senses the fault and give signal to circuit breakers to Trip
Relays

Electromechanical Type Relay

Numerical type Relay

Electromechanical
Performance

Numerical
Fast In operation

Bulky
Efficiency

Less efficient
Size

More efficient

Large in size
Changes

Small in Size

Can t be reset

Can be reset or revalued

Types Of Relay Used in Sub Stations

Relays

Differential Relays

Directional Relays

Earth Fault Relays

Over current Relays

Instantaneo us over current relay

Definite time over current relay

Inverse time over current relay

Directional over current relay

DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS

DIRECTIONAL AND OVERCURRENT RELAY

EARTH FAULT AND OVERCURRENT RELAY

Buchholz relay

‡ Buchholz relay, also called a gas relay or a sudden pressure relay ‡ The Buchholz Relay is used as a protective device sensitive to the effects of dielectric failure inside the equipment. ‡ It is used in Power Transformer.

Buchholz relay gas formation

Fast
Arc form Gas Accumulation is Faster

Slow
Slight Overload Gas Accumulation is Slower

FAULTS
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡

PHASE-EARTH PHASE-PHASE PHASE-PHASE-EARTH THREE-PHASE OR THREE-PHASE-EARTH

Symmetrical Components

Positive
Healthy Phase-Earth Phase-Phase

Negative
Phase-Earth

Zero
Phase-Earth

Phase-Phase Phase-Phase-Earth Three phase Phase-Phase-Earth Three Phase Earth Phase-PhaseEarth

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