Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rebranding Places Revision
Rebranding Places Revision
Rebranding Places Revision
Re-imaging
– The remodelling of areas to encounter negative perceptions and
provide “post-industrial” functions e.g. retailing, leisure and tourism
Regeneration
– A long term process involving social, economic and physical action
to reverse decline and create sustainable communities
Why Shift to Rebranding?
Expectations of
Criticisms?
Flagship Projects
Social – benefits are
Enhance the image
not enjoyed by all
of a city
residents
Spatial –
concentration on
specific spaces
Catalyst for further
(largely on profit
economic growth
potential) increase
differences between
parts of a city
New and exciting
spaces
Attract new
residents,
businesses and
tourists
Benefits to locals The
reasons
for the decline in industry are:
• It is more expensive to produce goods in the UK than import
from overseas. This includes primary industries, such as
mining, and secondary companies, used for manufacturing
• The UK’s wages were also higher than overseas, which makes
products more expensive
• It caused major unemployment in the North and Midlands
Location
• East London
• From Tower Bridge to Becton
Location
• North/Centre England
• Near to Leeds
• Safer environment
• Modern
• Everyone is involved
Costs Benefits
Overcrowding Provides jobs
Pressure on local shops
Income from tickets etc.
due to increased tourism
Huge CO2 emissions
from transporting Media attention for
tourists and construction London
work
Affordable housing
Media attention for
British athletes
Recycle materials
Provide facilities for
future generations
Better transport links
after the Games
Economic:
207 companies have had to move out of Marshgate Lane, Lea
Valley in Stratford. This is going to be the location of the
Olympic Stadium
Increased commute for some employees but is closer to home
for others
Businesses have to relocate to accommodate for the new
facilities being built
Environmental:
The Olympic Park will re-landscape the area of East London
This will make it more aesthetically pleasing and nicer to look
at in the future
The electricity pylons are being demolished and new power
lines being put underground
Social:
Houses have been knocked down and made into the Olympic
Park
Some people have had to move house just for the Games,
which lasts 2-3 weeks. This has also happened to some people
at the University of East London
They have broken up a community of homeless and single
people because they have had to relocate away from each
other
There are plans to make the Olympic Park into affordable
housing for 3000 people after 2012
Conflict Matrix For the 2012 Olympics:
Location
• A small town in Essex,
• On the east coast of England, on the North Sea coastline
• To the north of Clacton-on-Sea
• To the south of Harwich
• A 30-minute drive to the east of Colchester
• The main roads that access it are the A120, which leads to the
B1336
• The local rivers are the Walton Channel and the Hamford
Water
Background Information
‘Brain Drain’
• Secure jobs for Uni students
Multiplier Effect
• Increased economic activity that occurs when one business
creates and benefits others
• Increases local economy
Cornwall
Primary Employment:
• Farming:
• Falling farm prices – supermarkets seek the lowest
prices from their suppliers
• Importing foods from overseas, where wages and costs
are lower
• Fishing:
• Decline in overall fish stocks caused by previous
overfishing
• Mining:
• Exhaustion of the tin reserves in Cornwall
• A collapse in tin prices caused by overseas
competition
• The strength of the pound has made UK tin more
expensive to buy overseas
• Quarrying:
• Fewer and larger quarries use technology rather than
people to extract the clay, this has resulted in attacks
in the workforce
Low Wages:
• Cornwall has the lowest weekly wages in Britain -
£329.30 in 2005 25% below the UK average
• Poorest borough is North Cornwall (average weekly
wage was £307.60 in 2005)
Problems:
• Economic:
o Almost all visitors arrive by road, and few by cycle, bus
or rail
o Few use the bus link from St Austell
• Environmental:
o Major source of pollution
o Local lorry drivers have estimated that journeys have
increased by 30 minutes due to congestion
o 3500 cars fill the car park – generating more CO2
emissions than all other sources in St Austell combined
• Social:
o Could become overcrowded
o Visitor levels have produced huge traffic congestion in
the area
Benefits:
• Economic:
o Created interest in other local attractions
o Provides jobs 400 full-time staff
o Recruit local people
o Reduced unemployment by 6%
o Use local produce (in café and restaurant)
o In the first 3 years tourists spent £600 million
o Each visitor spends on average £150 in Cornwall
• Environmental:
o Good use of a brownfield site – old quarry
o Growing different plant species – they won’t become
extinct
o Increased awareness of plant species
o Takes out (plants use) CO2 from atmosphere (carbon
sinks)
• Social:
o Local produce is bought – helping local
producers/farmers
o Employs local people
o Employs people who are over 50 years old – almost at
retirement age
Rebranding Cornwall
Background Information
• Environmental:
o Attracts new wildlife (new plants)
o Manage/raise beef cattle in a welfare-conscious way
o Reduces CO2 emissions – people nearby do not have to
travel far to get food
• Social:
o Provides jobs
o Gets interest from the ‘Gardens’ and ‘Eden Project’
• Economic:
o Brings money to the area
o Provides jobs
o Buys/sells locally sourced products (Cornish wine,
cheese)
Rebranding in LEDCs
Subsistence
Farming
(agriculture)
Little
surplus
No investment in
produce
land improvement,
machinery or
materials
Low
income
Impacts
The impacts were…