Direct & Indirect combustion

chamber

CI engine combustion chamber

Direct combustion chamber
Indirect combustion chamber

Direct combustion chamber

Open combustion chamber
Entire vol of combustion chamber is located in
the main cylinder
Fuel - injected into this vol.

Advantages
Minimum heat loss during compression
because of lower surface area to vol ratio
Better efficiency
No cold starting problems
Fine atomization because of multi-hole nozzle

Drawbacks
High fuel-injection pressure is required
Need complex design of fuel-injection pump
Necessity of accurate metering of fuel by the
injection system, particularly for small engines

Types

Shallow Depth Chamber

Hemispherical chamber
Cylindrical chamber
Toroidal chamber

Shallow Depth Chamber

Depth of cavity
provided in the piston is
quite small
Large engines running
at low speed
Cavity dia is very large,
the squish is negligible

Hemispherical chamber
Gives small squish
Depth of dia ratio for a
cylindrical chamber can
be varied to give any
desired squish to give
better performance

Cylindrical Chamber
Recent diesel engines
Modification of cylindrical
chamber in the form of a
turncated cone with base
angle of 30o
Swirl was produced by
making the valve for
nearly 180o of
circumference
Squish varied by varying
the depth

Toroidal Chamber
Provide a powerful
squish along with the
air movement
Cone angle for spray
150 to160o

Indirect injection system

Combustion space is divided into 2 parts
One part main cylinder
Other part cylinder head
Fuel injector is located in cylinder head

Classification
1. Swirl chamber in which compression swirl is
generated
2. Pre-combustion chamber in which
combustion swirl is induced
3. Air cell chamber in which both compression
and combustion swirl are induced

Swirl chamber

Pre-combustion chamber

Air cell chamber